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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Nergiz Dinçer |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0510&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Burak Dogan |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0512&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; M. Eray Yücel |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0511&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0509&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; M. Eray Yücel; Onur Ince |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0507&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Esin Gözpýnar; Baþak Ceylan |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0606&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Seyit Mümin Cilasun; Yýlmaz Akdi |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0603&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; M. Eray Yücel; Zübeyir Kilinç |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0506&r=cwa |
| By: | Ng, Francis; Kaminski, Bartlomiej |
| Abstract: | This is an empirical paper seeking to identify the mode of Turkey ' s integration into global markets in general, and pan-European markets in particular, as revealed in its trade performance. The analysis provides empirical support to the following observations. First, thanks to steady expansion of trade in goods and services since the mid-1980s, Turkey has become highly integrated into the world economy. Second, Turkey ' s export performance in 1996-2004 in EU markets bears strong similarities to the aggregate performance of new EU members from Central Europe (EU-8). Similarities include dynamics, similar factors responsible for the increased presence in EU markets, factor content, and the role of " producer-driven " network trade. Turkey, together with Hungary, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, and Poland, stands as one of the top performers in " producer-driven " network trade indicating participation in a new global division of labor based on production fragmentation. The available evidence suggests an economic success story in the making. Export expansion owes a lot to improved policy environment and domestic liberalization. It is rather telling that the recent expansion has coincided with the implementation of most of the provisions of the EU-Turkey Customs Union Agreement, the completion of the removal of tariffs on trade in industrial products among pan-European parties to the Pan European Cumulation of Origin Agreement, and improved macroeconomic stability after the 2001 crisis. |
| Keywords: | Trade Policy,Economic Theory & Research,Free Trade,Transport Economics Policy & Planning,Trade Law |
| Date: | 2006–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3908&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Onur Ince |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0508&r=cwa |
| By: | Hakan Berument; Nergiz Dinçer |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bil:bilpap:0513&r=cwa |
| By: | John Whalley |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact thus far that the termination of trade restrictions under the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) which up to the end of 2004 applied to exports of clothing and textiles in key OECD markets has had on Asian suppliers. The speculation prior to MFA termination had been that large increases of Chinese exports would ensue, and at the expense of other Asian suppliers. Using data from US, EU Chinese and other sources, the picture that emerges is only small impacts on aggregate US and EU imports of clothing and textiles, and equally only small impacts on aggregate Chinese exports of clothing and textiles. There are, however, large changes in the country pattern of trade, and also within more narrowly defined product categories. There are large increases in shipments from China to both the US and the EU, and for the US proportionally more so in textiles than in clothing. But the US accounts for only 20% of China's exports of clothing and textiles, and exports to Japan (comparable in size to the US) hardly change, and to Hong Kong fall sharply. There are also large price falls for shipments to the US and to certain EU countries (Germany). The shares of other Asian suppliers in US markets generally hold up well, with the largest falls occurring in preferentially treated non Asian suppliers such as Mexico. In EU markets, with the exception of India, all non Chinese Asian suppliers experience falls in their market share. |
| JEL: | F00 F13 O24 |
| Date: | 2006–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12178&r=cwa |
| By: | Rangaraj Narayan; Raghuram G |
| Abstract: | Water based transport is effective as generally speaking, operating costs of fuel are low and environmental pollution is lower than for corresponding volumes of movement by road, rail or air. A major advantage is that the main infrastructure - the waterway - is often naturally available. This paper attempts to assess the viability of movement of passengers and freight by inland water transport in India. Inland waterways refer to rivers, canals, lakes etc. In inland water transport, the waterway, though naturally available, has to be "trained", maintained and upgraded. Transport over inland waterways is especially effective when the source and/or destination are waterfront locations. There is an overlap of this sector with coastal shipping where tidal rivers are involved. Legally, there are separate Acts covering inland waterways, the vessels that can ply on them and the setting up of the Inland Waterways Authority of India. Three waterways in the country have been designated as National Waterways (NW-1, NW-2 and NW-3). |
| Date: | 2006–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2006-04-01&r=cwa |
| By: | van 't Veld, Klaas; Narain, Urvashi (Resources for the Future); Gupta, Shreekant; Chopra, Neetu; Singh, Supriya |
| Abstract: | Households in rural India are highly dependent on firewood as their main source of energy, partly because non-biofuels tend to be expensive. The prevailing view is therefore that, when faced with shortages of firewood in the village commons, such households, and especially the women in them, have to spend more and more time searching for firewood and eventually settle for poorer-quality biomass such as twigs, branches and dry leaves. Using data from a random sample of rural households in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, we come to very different conclusions, however. We find that households in villages with degraded forests do not spend longer hours searching for firewood, but instead switch to either using firewood from private trees or to using agricultural waste for fuel. In the long run, moreover, households respond to the firewood shortage by altering the mix of private trees on their land in favor of firewood, as opposed to fruit, trees. We find also that, Joint Forest Management, a government program initiated in the 1990s, is having a positive impact on the firewood economy. |
| Keywords: | firewood crisis, time allocation, fuel switching, JFM, India |
| JEL: | O13 O18 Q23 Q42 |
| Date: | 2006–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-06-25&r=cwa |
| By: | Raghbendra Jha; Raghav Gaiha; Anurag Sharma |
| Abstract: | We test for the existence of a Poverty Nutrition Trap (PNT) in the case of five important micronutrients- calcium, carotene, iron, riboflavin, and thiamine, for three categories of wages: sowing, harvesting, and other for male and female workers separately. We use household level national data for rural India for the period January to June 1994 and robust sample selection procedures due to Heckman to arrive at consistent and efficient estimates. It is discovered that the PNT exists for calcium for female workers engaged in harvesting. In the case of carotene male workers engaged in harvesting are subject to the PNT, whereas both males and females engaged in harvesting are subject to PNT in the case of iron. In the case of riboflavin female workers engaged in harvesting and sowing and male workers engaged in harvesting are subject to PNT and in the case of thiamine female workers engaged in harvesting and sowing are subject to PNT. Thus micronutrient deficiency is having a significant impact on labour productivity in rural India. |
| Keywords: | Micronutrient deprivation, Poverty Nutrition Trap, Heckman Models |
| JEL: | C34 I32 J21 J43 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2006-03&r=cwa |