|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Sirisha C. Naidu (University of Massachusetts Amherst) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of group heterogeneity in collective action among forest communities in northwestern Himalayas. Based on data from 54 forest communities in Himachal Pradesh, India, this paper finds that heterogeneity has at least three dimensions: wealth, social identity and interest in the resource, and each may significantly affect collective actions related to natural resource management. However, their effects are far from simple and linear. The empirical results suggest that cooperation need not depend on caste parochialism, that very high levels of wealth heterogeneity can reduce cooperation, and that there can be a divergence between ability and incentive to cooperate which reduces the level of cooperation in the community. |
| Keywords: | common pool resources, group outcomes, heterogeneity, forests, Himachal Pradesh |
| JEL: | D63 D71 H41 Q23 |
| Date: | 2005–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpot:0511004&r=cwa |
| By: | Amartya Lahiri; Kei-Mu Yi |
| Keywords: | Indian states, development |
| JEL: | O11 O14 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed005:132&r=cwa |
| By: | Pýnar Narin Emirhan (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University) |
| Abstract: | Intra-industry trade (IIT) is the simultaneous export and import of commodities that are classified in the same industry group. The literature on IIT deals with horizontal IIT and vertical IIT, which are concerned with trade of products that are at the same quality and those with different qualities, respectively. Vertical IIT accounts for 80 percent of total IIT of Turkey, therefore this paper focuses on vertical IIT. The aim of this study is to analyze the determinants of vertical IIT between Turkey and 9 major trading partners (namely, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom and United States of America) for the 1989-2002 period by using panel data approach. The findings of this paper will shed a light on the future foreign trade policy of Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Intra-industry trade, vertical differentiation, panel data |
| JEL: | F14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deu:dpaper:0505&r=cwa |
| By: | Sedef Akgüngör (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University); Pýnar Falcýoðlu (Department of Management, Iþýk University) |
| Abstract: | The dynamics of industrial agglomeration across the regions and the reasons for such agglomeration have been the focus of interest particularly in exploring the effects of economic integration of regions on the spatial distribution of economic activity. In this context, following the predictions of the literature on economic geography, Turkey’s integration with the European Union as a candidate member is a likely cause of changes in economic dispersion of the economic activity over the years. The major objective of the study is to complement the findings of the studies on industrial agglomeration in Turkey’s manufacturing industry by exploring whether specialization and concentration patterns have changed over time and to expose the driving forces of geographic concentration in Turkey’s manufacturing industry, particularly during Turkey’s economic integration process with the European Union under the customs union established in 1996. Industrial concentration and regional specialization are measured by GINI index for NUTS 2 regions at the 2-digit level for the years between 1992 and 2001. To investigate which variables determine industry concentration, the systematic relation between the characteristics of the industry and geographical concentration is tested. A regression equation is estimated, where the dependent variable is GINI concentration index and the independent variables are the variables that represent the characteristics of the sectors. The major finding of the study is that Turkey’s manufacturing industry has a tendency for regional specialization. Increase in the average value for regional specialization supports the prediction developed by Krugman that regions become more specialized with regional integration. But there is no evidence for increased industrial concentration in Turkish manufacturing industry, contrary to the expectations. As for the answer to which variables determine industry concentration, the analysis supports the hypothesis that the firms tend to cluster in regions where there are economies of scale and there are significant linkages between firms, supporting the predictions of new trade theory and economic geography. |
| Keywords: | Regional specialization, geographical concentration, economic integration, geographical economics |
| JEL: | L60 R10 R11 R12 R15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deu:dpaper:0105&r=cwa |
| By: | Yeþim Kuþtepeli (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University); Gülcan Önel (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University) |
| Abstract: | Recent theoretical and empirical research has considered how differences in political arrangements affecting national policy formation might explain variation in fiscal policies pursued (Volkerink and de Haan, 2001). The experience of high government deficits of developed nations in the 1980s led researchers to analyze the reasons for this and among other factors they have argued that political variables could also explain budget deficits (Sutter, 2003). This study aims to investigate the effects of the political parties for fiscal deficits in Turkey for 1976-2004 period. Our results show that the most important variable in explaining the budget deficit to GDP ratio in Turkey is its lagged value. The political dispersion index variable, which measures the effect of the number of parties in the government in power, has proven to have a minor effect. Only the coalition governments with two or more parties are found to have higher budget deficit to GDP ratios. Ideology of the governments in power is important for the budget deficit to GDP ratio when it is considered with the number of parties in the government in power. In general, it can be said that polarization, fragmentation and ideology of the governments do not play an important role in explaining the budget deficit to GDP ratio. |
| Keywords: | Budget deficits, political fragmentation, dispersion indexes |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deu:dpaper:0205&r=cwa |
| By: | M Niaz Asadullah (Oxford University) |
| Abstract: | This paper reports labour market returns to education in Bangladesh using data from recent nationwide household survey. Returns are estimated separately for rural and urban samples, males, females and private sector employees. Substantial heterogeneity in returns is observed; e.g. estimates are higher for urban (than rural sample) and female samples (compared to their male counterparts). Our ordinary least square estimates of returns to education are robust to control for types of schools attended by individuals and selection into wage work. |
| Keywords: | Education, labor market participation, sample selection, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | O P |
| Date: | 2005–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wpa:wuwpdc:0511020&r=cwa |
| By: | Burcu Duygan |
| Keywords: | uncertainty, durable goods spending, unemployment, financial crisis |
| JEL: | D1 D8 D9 E2 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed005:594&r=cwa |