|
on Cultural Economics |
|
Issue of 2023‒06‒12
eight papers chosen by Roberto Zanola Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale |
| By: | Franziska Kaiser; Alexander Cuntz; Christian Peukert |
| Abstract: | We study how trademarks affect reuse of creative works in the comics industry. As a creative industry, the comics industry systematically relies on copyrights. But trademark protection can also be exploited to generate income from the reuse of comic characters or to strategically exclude others from reuse. Our unique data set combines US trademark records of comic characters with information on reuse in print media and franchise products from 1990 to 2017. We find that, on average, additional trademark protection is associated with a reduction in reuse in printed comic books of about 19%. We highlight three mechanisms: first, the negative relationship between trademarking and reuse has been especially pronounced since the early 2000s, when the arrival of digital technologies lowered the costs of entry, promotion, and distribution. Second, our results are driven by less reuse by third parties, not trademark holders. Third, reuse is higher when trademark owners license comic characters to third parties. The negative association between trademarking and reuse carries over to franchise products, but it is weaker and tied to the era of digitization, with a 2% decline in reuse in franchise movies and 9% lower reuse in video games. |
| Keywords: | comics, trademarks, intellectual property rights, digitization |
| JEL: | O31 O34 L82 Z11 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10389&r=cul |
| By: | Clarissa Laura Maria Spiess Bru (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | Particularly in the wine industry, information asymmetry between consumers and wine producers regarding product characteristics leads prospects to consider available information, such as market prices, professional reviews, and ratings, as reliable indicators for product quality and purchase decisions. Nevertheless, few studies reflect wine reviews' textual dimension and content. This study explores the impact of reviews and defined language inventory like articles, verbs, or adjectives and their effects on wine prices and ratings. Using 83, 067 reviews from the professional wine critics magazine "The Wine Enthusiast, " a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimation, quantile regression (plots), and review text analysis utilizing the content analysis tool LIWC-22 was conducted to examine the simultaneous impact of linguistic categories on wine prices and ratings. The results indicate that the tasting note's increased word count and positive sentiment are significantly positively associated with a higher wine rating. Further, specific categories have a statistically significant positive impact on ratings but a negligible effect on wine prices. Consequently, a subsequent instrumental variables estimation is conducted to control for endogeneity and test for the effect of reviews on wine prices, revealing a significant positive influence. These findings could have practical strategic implications for wine market communication, marketing, and purchasing decisions, as linguistic indicators in reviews could be associated with wine quality by vintners and prospects. |
| Keywords: | : Professional Reviews, Information Asymmetry, Text Analysis, Prices and Ratings, Quantile regression, Seemingly Unrelated Regression, Instrumental Variables Estimation |
| JEL: | C31 L66 M30 O13 Q13 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:105&r=cul |
| By: | Bernat Mallén Alberdi (AQR-IREA, University of Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | In this paper I investigate the effect of competition on language diversity in a cultural market, the movies market, in which language is a relevant characteristic of the good. I analyse the case of the bilingual region of Catalonia to empirically test the effect of competition in two stages of the supply chain – the distribution and the exhibition – on the availability of films in the weaker language. I create a unique data set of all the screenings in the region over 10 months from different sources using advanced web-scraping techniques. I find that the concentration at the distribution level reduces the percentage of films in Catalan by 4.04 percentage points compared with the counterfactual of perfect competition. The effect of the concentration at the exhibition level is not significant. This implies that without such market failure, the total supply of films in Catalan would be 96% greater. I also look for heterogeneous effects disentangling two types of audiences: children-targeted films and adult-targeted films. I find that children have higher preference intensity over the language because the market is more responsive to them; the concentration at the exhibition level matters when it comes to this type of consumer. |
| Keywords: | Language diversity, Movie theatres, Dubbing, Bilingualism, Cultural market. JEL classification: D43, L13, L82, Z13. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202305&r=cul |
| By: | Alex Krumer (Molde University); Juan D. Moreno-Ternero (Department of Economics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide) |
| Abstract: | How to select participants to a sports tournament when there are more applicants than the tournament can handle? We propose to address this question resorting to standard tools from the fair allocation literature. To frame our discussion, we focus on the increase in the number of participating teams in the FIFA World Cup. We explore the allocation of additional slots among continental confederations. We consider ten different allocations. Based on our analysis, we can argue that the European soccer confederation (UEFA) has a solid basis to claim for additional slots. |
| Keywords: | claims problems, fair allocation, FIFA World Cup, slots, soccer. |
| JEL: | C71 Z20 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pab:wpaper:23.05&r=cul |
| By: | Daniel Kaimann (Paderborn University); Clarissa Laura Maria Spiess Bru (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | Prior studies have shown that brand names representing high femininity will receive higher ratings and more positive reviews than those associated with high masculinity. The research is based on the idea that consumers may perceive feminine brand names as more desirable, with a positive bias toward them, leading to higher ratings and additional positive reviews. Nevertheless, the effect of gendered language on critics of experience goods has received relatively little research. This study examines how specifically masculine or feminine brand names classify experience goods and impacts tastings and professional evaluations. We obtained data on 18, 609 wines and their ratings from the Wine Enthusiast Magazine between 1997 and 2016, yielding a sample of 31, 058 observations to objectively evaluate the impact of brand gender on quality ratings measured by experts' critics. Moreover, we suppose that the gender of the taster needs to be considered to understand what affects tastings and ratings, as women and men might be attracted differently to masculine or feminine names. This study shows that masculine brand names receive higher evaluations than feminine ones. In addition, we discover that women tend to rank products with higher gender name scores more highly than men. Finally, this study provides evidence that people's unconscious perceptions and quality assessments of products can be significantly impacted by (brand) gender bias. |
| Keywords: | Brand Names, Brand Gender, Quality Ratings, Gendered Language, Quasi-Experiment |
| JEL: | M31 C33 J16 L66 Q13 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:107&r=cul |
| By: | , Ethel |
| Abstract: | Meandering Sobriety is a book that harmoniously combines humor and wisdom. The stories in the book not only entertain the reader but also encourage self-reflection and personal growth. This harmony provides readers with a respite from the stress of everyday life, and invites them to reflect on the deeper aspects of their existence. |
| Date: | 2023–04–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6qaex&r=cul |
| By: | Jean-Luc Moriceau (IMT-BS - DEFI - Département Droit, Economie et Finances - TEM - Télécom Ecole de Management - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], LITEM - Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - Université Paris-Saclay - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Isabela Paes (LITEM - Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - Université Paris-Saclay - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Robert Earhart (AUP - The American University of Paris) |
| Abstract: | Screening films in business school courses makes it possible to reintroduce affect and emotion, which are too often absent. Through consideration of the theories of Rancière, Deleuze, Cavell and Stiegler, we propose that, contrarily to abstract and unambiguous models, the films connect to the world and to life in its diversity and fragility. They shift, affect, question, set in motion, bring life into the classroom and encourage people to contribute, speak out and to care. Rather than learning to manage life and the world, films invite people to bring the world and life into management. |
| Abstract: | La proyección de películas en la escuela de negocios permite reintroducir los afectos, que, con demasiada frecuencia, están ausentes. Basándonos en Rancière, Deleuze, Cavell y Stiegler, proponemos que, en contra de los modelos abstractos y unívocos, el cine conecta con el mundo y con la vida en su diversidad y fragilidad. Desplazan, afectan, cuestionan, ponen en marcha, dan vida a las clases y animan a la gente a contribuir, habitar y preocuparse. En lugar de aprender a gestionar la vida y el mundo, invitan que el mundoy la vida entren en la gestión. |
| Abstract: | Projeter des films dans la business school permet de réintroduire les affects, qui y sont trop souvent absents. En nous appuyant sur Rancière, Deleuze, Cavell et Stiegler, nous proposons qu'à l'inverse des modèles abstraits et univoques les films relient au monde et à la vie dans sa diversité et sa fragilité. Ils décalent, affectent, interrogent, ils mettent en mouvement, font entrer la vie dans la salle de classe et incitent à contribuer, prendre la parole et prendre soin. Plutôt qu'apprendre à manager la vie et le monde, ils invitent à faire entrer le monde et la vie dans le management. |
| Keywords: | Affect, Business school, Cinema, Pedagogy, Afectos, Escuela de negocios, Cine, Pedagogía, Affects, Cinéma, Pédagogie |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04034749&r=cul |
| By: | Chavalarias David (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - X - École polytechnique - Institut Curie [Paris] - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CAMS - Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique sociales - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Antonio A. Casilli (IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Alexandre Delanoë (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - X - École polytechnique - Institut Curie [Paris] - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Melanie Dulong de Rosnay (CIS - Centre Internet et Société - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Beatrice De Gelder (Université de Maastricht); Divina Frau-Meigs (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle); Bertrand Jouve (LISST - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Diminescu Dana (IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Nahla Ben Amor (Institut Supérieur de Gestion Tunis, Tunisia); Anna Boros (University of Warsaw, Poland); Michela Brunori (University of Urbino); Maria Jose Brites (Lusófona University [Lisbon]); Guido Caldarelli (University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy]); Caroline Datchary (LISST - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Luisa Fassi (MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge); Laura Hernandez (LPTM - UMR 8089 - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université); Andrzej Nowak (UW - University of Warsaw); Rodríguez-Doncel Víctor (UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid); Mel Slater (Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona); Mark Buchanan; Pawel Horodecki (GUT - Gdańsk University of Technology); Sirkku Kotilainen (TUT - Tampere University of Technology [Tampere]); Jean Lassègue (LIAS - IMM - Centre de Linguistique Anthropologique et Sociolinguistique - Institut Marcel Mauss - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emmanuel Lazega (Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Quentin Lobbé (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - X - École polytechnique - Institut Curie [Paris] - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Paul Lukowicz (German Research Center for AI); Julian Mcdougall (BU - Bournemouth University [Poole]); Darian Meacham (Maastricht University [Maastricht]); Elisa Omodei (CEU - Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie]); Amy Orben (MRC CBU - Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit - CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]); Geoffroy Patriarche (SLU - Saint Louis University); David Pearce (UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid); Maria Gabriella Pediconi (University of Urbino); Savino Romani (University of Urbino); Camille Roth (CMB - Centre Marc Bloch - MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jerôme Sackur (LSCP - Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique - DEC - Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Valérie Schafer (Uni.lu - Université du Luxembourg); Silvestri Fabrizio (University of Rome); Aureli Soria-Frisch (Neuroscience BU, Starlab Barcelona); Erika Stael Von Holstein (Re-Imagine Europa); Luca Tummolini (ICST-CNR - Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche); Mirko Zichichi (UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid); David Chavalarias (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - X - École polytechnique - Institut Curie [Paris] - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CAMS - Centre d'Analyse et de Mathématique sociales - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In the 2020s, an American citizen will spend an average of 6h35 a day on social media, compared to 3h35 for television. As for social networks, which were non-existent less than 20 years ago, about 40\% of US citizens use them at least once a week as source of news and they now have an estimated 60-70% penetration rate worldwide. This means that in less than a generation, digital media have radically transformed the way we inform and socialize, and that this transformation is still ongoing as older generations are gradually replaced by digital natives. From a scientific point of view, this transformation generates many phenomena to be studied, and even "unknown unknowns" whose effects will be revealed only with time. This roadmap covers the issues, impacts and future challenges of digital media as they relate to human well-being in the broadest sense, from mental health to the health of democracies. Its objective is to initiate a new interdisciplinary research community in this field, to define a research agenda, to formulate recommendations for future digital media policy and design, and to inspire future EU calls for projects to develop innovative and transdisciplinary research on these societal challenges. The roadmap is the result of the EU-funded project DIGEING conducted by an international consortium with the help of an interdisciplinary advisory group of international experts. Its writing was based on an hybrid methodology developped at CNRS and powered by GarganText, where the advisory group acted both as catalyst and guide for a larger collaborative mapping of the state-of-the-art and identification of challenges of that emerging field. More than forty researchers from fourteen European countries have contributed to the writing of this roadmap. This roadmap is complemented by online interactive maps that can be used by researchers to situate themselves in this evolving scientific landscape and by research funding agencies to launch new calls for projects. |
| Keywords: | Digital media, well-being, online social networking sites, roadmap, socio-semantic networks, mental health, democracy |
| Date: | 2023–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04091733&r=cul |