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on Cultural Economics |
| By: | Karol Jan BOROWIECKi (Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin); Concetta CASTIGLIONE (Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin) |
| Abstract: | The importance of cultural events for attracting tourism has been often posited in research, however rarely tested in relation to non-cultural activities. We investigate the association between participation in entertainment activities and tourism flows in Italian provinces, and find that admission to theater-type activities increases as the number of domestic tourists goes up, whereas admission to museums or concerts rises with an increase in foreign tourists. Admissions to exhibitions and shows attract both domestic and international tourists, while the role of non-cultural activities in determining tourism flow is statistically insignificant.The results provide important empirical support for the existence of a strong relationship between tourism flows and cultural participation. The findings also imply that the demand for entertainment varies depending on the origin of the tourist. Finally, for the cultural activities we calculate also the lower-bound of the estimated revenues obtained from tourism. |
| Keywords: | Cultural tourists, cultural participation, tourism flows, Italian Provinces |
| Date: | 2012–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcd:tcduee:tep0212&r=cul |
| By: | Rafael Boix Domenech; Luciana Lazzeretti; Francesco Capone; Lisa De Propris; Daniel Sanchez |
| Abstract: | The creative economy is a holistic and multidisciplinary concept that deals with the interaction between economics, culture and technology, and centred on the production of creative contents in goods and services. One of the most relevant dimensions of creativity is the territorial one. Despite the emphasis put on the theoretical definition of creativity, the measurement of creative industries and the use of these concepts in macro units as well as in isolated case studies, it is necessary to strengthen comparative research for the identification and analysis of the kind of creativity embedded in the territory, its determinants and its patterns of concentration. This compared research relies on the measurement of the creative industries and the identification of their territorial patterns of distribution in the local production systems of five European countries: Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Portugal. Creative local production systems are identified in these countries departing from local labour markets as territorial units, firms and jobs in creative industries, and focusing on two different kinds of creative industries: traditional cultural industries and technology-related creative industries. The results show that creative industries are more important in some countries like Italy and the United Kingdom, and that their spatial patterns of distribution are significantly different across countries, where three basic models emerge: distributed, concentrated and polarized. The implications of these patterns on the analysis of creative industries as well as on the design and implementation of policies are discussed. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p1501&r=cul |
| By: | Pia Nilsson |
| Abstract: | Cultural Landscape Characteristics and Heritage Values A Spatially Explicit Hedonic Approach This paper uses the hedonic approach to analyze the relation between cultural landscape characteristics and property values. The empirical model uses geographic information systems to create a model that adds spatially explicit variables of landscape structure to the classic hedonic variables. Nearly 5000 house transactions in south Sweden were studied to estimate the effects of cultural landscape attributes on transaction prices. The key empirical results show that cultural heritage sites generate a premium of 3-4% for properties located in the vicinity. The results also show that the percentage of land within communities devoted to local and national preservation areas leads to a considerable increase in house prices (up to 12%) comparing to communities that have less land devoted to preservation areas. JEL Classification: Q2; Q3; R14; R21 |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p397&r=cul |
| By: | Simone Strauf |
| Abstract: | The importance of creative industries and the creative sector for economic growth and regional development found its way more and more into scientific discussions. These discussions mainly focus on the influence of creative industries on the innovative ability (innovative milieu),on the competitiveness, and on the labour market of regions and nations. Most prominent within this field is the approach of the 'creative class' used to explain the success and the development of regions and nations. Terms and definitions of creative industries and the cultural sector are so far not consistent and sometimes include different businesses. The meaning of the cultural sector becomes more evident by focussing on the regional level. Infrastructure facilities and cultural events are part of the cultural sector and are located in nearly every area, in agglomerations as well as in rural areas. This paper will concentrate on the role of infrastructure facilities and cultural events, and will point out their contribution and their potential for the location itself and the regional development. The author will use empirical data from infrastructure facilities in Germany and Switzerland (Konzert- und Kongresshaus Luzern, Festspielhaus Baden-Baden) and two amateur theatres in Switzerland, which are located in rural areas (Einsiedler Welttheater, Landschaftstheater Ballenberg). Based on these four case studies the paper will show how different cultural facilities and activities can contribute to several aspects of regional development. As a result the paper will state that cultural infrastructure facilities and activities have positive effects on the regional added value as well as on the image of a region, on networks and competences within a region and on the identity of a region. Especially these so called intangible effects have positive effects on the location attractiveness and the competitiveness of the region. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p267&r=cul |
| By: | Lutz Trettin; Uwe Neumann; Guido Zakrzewski |
| Abstract: | The city of Essen is located at the centre of the Ruhr area, one of the largest urban and industrial agglomerations in Europe. Like many places in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia Essen had to deal with tremendous structural changes due to the downturn of coal mining and the steel industry since the 1960s. Nevertheless, in the meanwhile the city succeeded in creating a comparatively favourable starting position as an important centre for services, culture and new forms of tourism. Traditionally the headquarters of some of the largest German public companies are located here. Furthermore, the city has become an internationally renowned place of commercial fairs, conferences, and has a university. Essen hosts internationally acknowledged cultural institutions. And recently the building complex of the coal mine “Zollverein” became enlisted by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Memorial. In May 2006 the Ruhr area with Essen as its leading city was finally nominated as European Capital of Culture 2010. Taking all these factors together, a boost of the local tourism sector can be expected. In this context we discuss how the cities economy can gain from this development in the long run. We are interested in the related approaches of the tourism policy and the role of small firms and entrepreneurs in the process of developing a sustainable tourism infrastructure. It is of particular interest how public initiatives of tourism promotion and entrepreneurship support will be combined with the aim to use “industrial heritage tourism” and “cultural tourism” as a mode to economically revive the old industrialized Ruhr area. Thus, central questions of the papers are: Which policy strategies and support measures are appropriate in order to compete with success as an old industrialized area in the field of city and cultural tourism? Who tends to govern the newly establishing value chains? What position remains factual for local young firms therein? What role can public institutions play in order to ensure a high degree of value addition by local economic actors? |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p357&r=cul |
| By: | Ho Yeon KIM |
| Abstract: | Recently, the so-called creative industry is gaining attention as a new engine of regional economic growth. Using this new industrial classification, many countries are starting to promote the cultural creation activities with the purpose of seeking out new directions in regional development. The synergy effects can also be attained by promoting the traditional sectors to the creative industry. This concept is useful not only for mega cities like Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing and Shanghai, but also for smaller local cities such as Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Busan, Incheon, Tianjin, and Yantai. Since capital and human resources are rather limited in these local cities, applying the said concept can exert newfound energy for urban development. Although there is an old industrial culture of manufacturing embedded in Kitakyushu City, for example, the facilities and institutes of some other cultures and sports have been promoted separately. In order to reap the full benefit, it is needed to tear down the barriers between them, and combine the existing industries, facilities, and support organizations in a more systematic way. In this paper, we will explore these aspects by using census data as a general guide and interviews with selected cultural and sports organizations as well as entrepreneurs as a case study. Specifically, we will investigate the city planning practice and growth policy regarding cultivation of creative industry, and investigate possible cooperation among the cities in Pan Yellow-Sea region based on cultural or sports activities. Regarding general study, we recount the industrial classification of existing census data according to the definition of the creative industry by the UK (see London’s Creative Sector: 2004 Update and Creative Industries Economic Estimates Statistical Bulletin), adding the tourism industry. Based on this definition, we can clarify the trends of creative industry at the country level and city level of Japan, China and South Korea after 1990. It would reveal the true potential of the creative industry as a long-term facilitator of the regional economy. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p1484&r=cul |
| By: | Daniel Shefer; Eyal Salinger |
| Abstract: | While conservation of privately owned buildings is produced by the private market, the benefit from conservation accrues not only to the estate of the building’s owners, but also to the society at large. Conservation usually requires public involvement, as often market forces do not economically justify the conservation of buildings. The purpose of this research is to identify and estimate the factors affecting the private sector’s (building owners’) decision whether and when to invest in conservation. This decision is directly concerned as much with the profitability of the investment as with the economic state of the country, in particular housing market conditions (whether there is a demand or a supply surplus), the location of the property, and externalities (adjacent buildings and local infrastructure). We examined the case of the White City of Tel Aviv, which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site in 2003 because of its outstanding architectural ensemble representative of the Modern Movement in a new cultural context. Data was collected on building’s physical attributes, planning regulations applied to the plot, current and historical legal rights status, transactions, and date of conservation, if took place. The decision by building owners whether to invest in conservation and the economic value of conservation on the private market is examined using qualitative and quantitative models. The Logit Model and the Nested Logit Model were used in order to estimate the probability of a decision to conserve. The Hedonic Price Model was used in order to estimate the effect of conservation on the property value. The Real Option–Pricing Model was used in order to estimate whether the value of buildings not yet conserved includes an option component – the option to wait for the optimal timing in carrying out the conservation. We conducted a comparative analysis between buildings designated for conservation and buildings in the same area that needed renovation. The results of this research could assist public policy in promoting the conservation of cultural heritage that we wish to bequeath for future generations. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p852&r=cul |
| By: | Matthew Gentzkow; Jesse M. Shapiro; Michael Sinkinson |
| Abstract: | We use data on US newspapers from the early 20th century to study the economic incentives that shape ideological diversity in the media. We show that households prefer newspapers whose political content agrees with their own ideology, that newspapers with the same political content are closer substitutes than newspapers with different political content, and that newspapers seek both to cater to household tastes and to differentiate from their competitors. We estimate a model of newspaper demand, entry and affiliation choice that captures these forces. We show that competitive incentives greatly enhance the extent of ideological diversity in local news markets, and we evaluate the impact of policies designed to increase such diversity. |
| JEL: | L11 L52 L82 |
| Date: | 2012–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18234&r=cul |
| By: | Gabriela Stanciulescu; Emilia Titan; Daniela Todose; Mihaela Covrig |
| Abstract: | The protected natural areas, by their aesthetic, recreational, educational and scientific valences, represent extremely attractive tourist destinations, some of them unique at international level. Their touristic exploitation has different forms from a country to another, from a type of protected area to another. In this paper, the analysis performed point out that the exploitation of natural areas by tourism has different forms, according to their extension, their landscape complexity, their structure and dynamics of the environment components. The touristic theory identifies a series of tourist forms associated to the environment preservation, such as: tourism in natural areas, ecotourism, adventure tourism, tourism in wilderness, camping. As a conclusion, we can say that the protected areas have become more and more a part of tourism, being appreciated as they represent an environment less affected by the human pressure. Presently, they generate a new form of tourism called tourism in protected areas, requiring special care on behalf of the governments in order not to aggravate the impact of tourism on the local environment and cultures. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa10p365&r=cul |