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on Cultural Economics |
| By: | Enrico Beretta (Bank of Italy); Andrea Migliardi (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the characteristics of the cultural sector in Italy and its interactions with the production system as a whole. After stating a clear definition of the cultural sector, we analyze the demand and supply of culture in Italy, at a regional level. We carry out descriptive analysis of household cultural spending, the pricing of the different cultural activities, and the capability of regional cultural heritage to attract tourists. Then we examine, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the public financing of culture in the Italian regions, also on the basis of the opinions of a panel of qualified experts, expressly interviewed for this work. Finally we give an overview of the regulatory framework and of the main administrative features of the cultural sector. Some open questions arise from our work, as well as many options for policy measures: the distribution of competences between the different levels of government; the form and the extension of private involvement; the governance of cultural initiatives. |
| Keywords: | economics of culture, cultural tourism, local cultural policies |
| JEL: | L82 L83 Z10 |
| Date: | 2012–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_126_12&r=cul |
| By: | Nadine Lindstädt (Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark); Oliver Budzinski (Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark) |
| Abstract: | Newspapers have been experiencing declining circulation figures and diminishing advertising revenues for several years – both effects might pose a threat to the continuing existence of (print) newspapers. In an earlier paper, Lindstädt & Budzinski (2011) argued from a theoretical viewpoint that industry-specific patterns exist that determine substitution or complementation effects between internet and newspaper advertising. It was argued that retail advertising, in particular, may offer a niche for regional/local newspapers that can be expected to present a sustainable segment of complementarity along with the otherwise mostly substitutional advertising markets. This paper empirically tests these hypotheses by analyzing advertising spending data for newspaper and internet display advertising of 13 different industries in the U.S. from 2001-2010. We find evidence for some of the hypotheses. Whereas some industries showed clear substitution effects between internet display and newspaper advertising, the majority of our hypotheses could be only partly rejected: newspaper substi-tution effects could be observed, however, in the direction to traditional media platforms instead of internet display advertising. For two retail-sub-industries, the hypotheses could not be rejected for the analyzed period. The authors would like to thank the College of Communications at the Pennsylvania State University and in particular Anne Hoag and Dennis Davis for hosting Nadine Lindstädt as a Research Visiting Scholar in 2010/2011 which made it possible to access and use the Kantar Media Intelligence Ad$pender™ database for this research. |
| Keywords: | : media economics, advertising, complementation, substitution, newspapers, internet |
| JEL: | L82 A20 L13 M21 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sdk:wpaper:114&r=cul |
| By: | Kiefer, Stephanie; Scharfenkamp, Katrin |
| Abstract: | The discussion about the impact of physical attractiveness on popularity of competitive athletes has received much attention from scholars as well as from media around the world. We provide new insights to this debate by estimating correlation-coefficients and regression-models to test whether and to which extent physical attractiveness of professional female tennis players affects their popularity in online media. Based on a sample of the top 100 WTA single ranking of one selected calendar week in 2011 we find that physical attractiveness increases significantly the popularity on Facebook, WTA news, Kicker.de, the homepage of the Tennis Life Magazine and Google. -- Der Einfluss physischer Attraktivität auf die Popularität von Sportlern bekommt von Wissenschaftlern, aber auch von den Medien viel Aufmerksamkeit und wird viel diskutiert. Durch die Berechnung von Korrelationskoeffizienten und Regressionsmodellen untersuchen wir diesen Einfluss bei professionellen Tennisspielerinnen in verschiedenen Onlinemedien und tragen dadurch neue Erkenntnisse zu dieser Diskussion bei. In unserem untersuchten Sample, welches sich auf die Top 100 Tennisspielerinnen des WTA Single Ranking einer ausgewählten Kalenderwoche aus dem Jahr 2011 bezieht, können wir einen signifikanten Einfluss der physischen Attraktivität auf die Popularität in den Medien Facebook, WTA news, Kicker.de, der Homepage des Tennis Life Magazine und Google feststellen. |
| JEL: | I23 I20 A11 C81 M00 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:umiodp:62012&r=cul |
| By: | Sevilla-Sanz, Almudena (Queen Mary, University of London); Gimenez, Jose Ignacio (University of Zaragoza); Gershuny, Jonathan I. (University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits the complex sequential structure of the diary data in the American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS) and constructs three classes of indicators that capture the quality of leisure ('pure leisure', 'co-present leisure' and 'leisure fragmentation') to show that the relative growth in leisure time enjoyed by less-educated individuals documented in previous studies has been accompanied by a relative decrease in the quality of that leisure time. These results are not driven by any single leisure activity, such as time watching television. Our findings may offer a more comprehensive picture of inequality in the US and provide a basis for weighing the relative decline in earnings and consumption for the less educated against the simultaneous relative growth of leisure. |
| Keywords: | leisure, inequality, income, wages, consumption, time-use, happiness |
| JEL: | C13 C23 D13 J12 J16 Z13 |
| Date: | 2012–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6708&r=cul |