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on Cultural Economics |
| By: | Sara Santos Cruz (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto); Aurora A.C. Teixeira (CEF.UP, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto; INESC Tec; OBEGEF) |
| Abstract: | The rising interest in the creative economy has encouraged several authors both in the political and academic spheres to focus on creative industries and cultural activities and assess their effects on regional and national development. The issue of measurement has, however, limited the analysis considerably. Despite progress at the theoretical and empirical levels, there is a generalized lack of clear definitions and estimations as to what represents cultural activities and creative industries. This paper critically reviews the growing corpus of literature on approaches to the measurement of creative industries. Moreover, it presents a detailed mapping of the creative sectors and estimates the relative weight of creative industries according to relevant industry-based methodologies, using a unique dataset (Quadros de Pessoal, Portugal), which includes over 3 million workers, and that permits an accurate comparative analysis of the different methodologies under study. The choice of approach when measuring creative industries is relevant in estimating the importance of such industries. Indeed, depending on the approach used, the importance of creative industries in Portugal differs, ranging from 2.5% (DCMS Model) to 4.6% (WIPO copyright model). In order to overcome the limitations of existing methodologies, we proposed a new industry-based approach focusing on core creative industries. According to the proposed methodology, core creative industries represent 3.5% of Portuguese employment, in which ‘Software publishing’ and ‘Computer/IT consultancy’ (1.0%), ‘Publishing’ (1.0%), and ‘Advertising and Marketing’ (0.4%) are the most relevant sub-segments. |
| Keywords: | Creative Industries; Industry-based Methodology; Measurement |
| JEL: | L80 R12 C80 C81 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:453&r=cul |
| By: | Antoine Blanc (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - CNRS : UMR7088 - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine); Isabelle Huault (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - CNRS : UMR7088 - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the issue of how certain actors tend to maintain institutionalized elements, in spite of significant technological and social change. In particular, we focus on the notion of artifacts, which represent one type of institutional carriers, but mostly overlooked in the institutional literature. We approach this issue through an in-depth study of actors' efforts to maintain institutions in a "mature" creative industry such as the French recorded music from 2004 to 2008. Our study focuses on the relationship and interaction between actors engaged in institutional maintaining and artifacts. To do this, we have interviewed 26 different individuals in the music sector and constituted a rich base of secondary data. Our results point out that the recorded music industry, in spite of a so-called digital revolution, is still framed by persistent artifacts. These latter convey particular rules, norms and understandings that impede some potentialities of the digital revolution. We also underline the active efforts of some actors to defend existing institutionalized arrangements, especially through manipulation of artifacts. |
| Keywords: | digital revolution, recorded music industry, institutional maintenance, artifacts. |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00685464&r=cul |
| By: | Bronwyn H. Hall; Christian Helmers; Mark Rogers; Vania Sena |
| Abstract: | We survey the economic literature, both theoretical and empirical, on the choice of intellectual property protection by firms. Our focus is on the tradeoffs between using patents and disclosing versus the use of secrecy, although we also look briefly at the use of other means of formal intellectual property protection. |
| JEL: | K11 L29 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:17983&r=cul |
| By: | Jérôme Hergueux (LaRGE Research Center, Université de Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | We construct a gravity model of worldwide foreign direct investment stock (FDI) in order to study the effect of religion on FDI allocation. We establish empirically that both bilateral religious similarity and bilateral religious diversity foster FDI at the country pair level. These apparently contradicting results confirm an empirical puzzle that has already emerged in the literature, particularly in the case of trade in goods. We investigate whether the answer to this puzzle could lie on the fact that the effect of these two variables play for different types of countries, depending on the level of efficiency of their institutions. |
| Keywords: | culture, religion, institutions, trust, foreign direct investment. |
| JEL: | F21 F23 Z12 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lar:wpaper:2012-06&r=cul |