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on Cultural Economics |
| By: | Esther Hauk (Institute of Economic Analysis, Spanish Research Council (IAE-CSIC) and Barcelona GSE); Giovanni Immordino (Università di Salerno and CSEF) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a model of cultural transmission where television plays a central role for socialization. Parents split their free time between educating their children, which is costly, and watching TV which though entertaining might socialize the children to the wrong trait. The free to air television industry maximizes advertisement revenue. We show that TV watching is increasing in cultural coverage, cost of education, TV’s entertainment value and decreasing in the perceived cultural distance between the two traits. A monopolistic television industry captures all TV watching by both groups if the perceived cultural distance between groups is small relative to the TV’s entertainment value. Otherwise, more coverage will be given to the most profitable group where profitability increases in group size, advertisement sensitivity and perceived cultural distance. This leads to two possible steady states where one group is larger but both groups survive in the long run. Competition in the media industry might lead to cultural extinction but only if one group is very insensitive to advertisement and not radical enough not to watch TV. We briefly discuss the existing evidence for the empirical predictions of the model. |
| Keywords: | television, socialization, cultural trait dynamics, media coverage |
| JEL: | Z1 L82 |
| Date: | 2011–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:280&r=cul |
| By: | Olga Bogach (Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa); Andreas Leibbrandt (Department of Economics, University of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses an experimental approach to study whether nationality serves as a focal point. We let subjects from Japan, Korea, and China play stag-hunt coordination games in which we vary information about their partner. The results show that subjects are more likely to try to coordinate on the payoff-dominant equilibrium if the only piece of information they have about their partner is that they have the same nationality. However, if subjects receive additional information about their partner, subjects are not more likely to try to coordinate on the payoff dominant equilibrium. We also do not find that subjects are less likely to try to coordinate on the payoff-dominant equilibrium when their partner has a different nationality as compared to when the partner’s nationality is unknown. In addition, we observe that giving subjects information about their partner in general increases the risk of miscoordination. Thus, our findings suggest that nationality can serve as a coordination device but also that the scope of this device is limited. |
| Keywords: | Coordination, Focal points, Cultural economics, Inter-cultural lab experiments, In-group behavior. |
| JEL: | C91 C92 Z1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2011–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hai:wpaper:201104&r=cul |
| By: | Halkos, George; Tzeremes, Nickolaos |
| Abstract: | In this paper using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) we evaluate the influence of national culture on education policy efficiency for 20 OECD countries. For that reason bootstrap techniques have been employed in order to produce biased corrected efficiency scores and confidence intervals are been calculated. By using probabilistic approaches it conditions the effect of national cultural values on the obtained countries’ educational efficiencies. The empirical results indicate that the efficiency of education policy is mainly influenced from differences of individualistic and masculinity values among the countries. However the results clearly indicate that education policy reforms must be based outside those national cultural bounds in order to support national economies on their foreseen challenges. |
| Keywords: | Data Envelopment Analysis; Education; Linear programming; Statistics |
| JEL: | C14 I21 C60 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:30098&r=cul |
| By: | Paulo Neto (University of Évora, Department of Economics and CEFAGE-UE); Maria Manuel Serrano (University of Évora, Department of Sociology and SOCIUS – ISEG/UTL) |
| Abstract: | Governance has become a central topic among policymakers. There is an international consensus that policymaking is evolving from a traditional top-down government approach towards a system of governing that focuses on engaging the citizens within an area (Cabus, 2003). New forms of governance targeting urban competitiveness are increasingly oriented to vertical (between lower and high levels of government and cooperation forms between entities and firms along the production chain) and horizontal (between firms or different municipalities or public and private entities) cooperation (OEDC, 2005). Based on a study research methodology, this article seeks to contribute to answer to the following research questions: i) what is the role of governance in the processes of urban regeneration?; ii) what is the role of governance in the development of creative processes for urban regeneration? and iii) what is the potential of governance to support urban regeneration strategies based on creativity and creative industries? |
| Keywords: | Territorial governance, Creativity, Urban regeneration. |
| JEL: | R58 R52 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2011_07&r=cul |
| By: | Hanagriff, Roger; Murova, Olga I. |
| Abstract: | Swinburne University (Langworthy, Howard, Fiona & Mawson, 2006), agri-tourism is a growing phenomenon in Australia, often most strongly associated with wine regions. Recommendations to improve include creation of tourism regions & cooperatives, cooperation between sectors (CVBs, restaurants), infrastructure development and model development to measurable factors. South African wineries Bruwer, 2003 identified factors that were helpful in developing a wine tourism market of South African wineries. Regarding South Africa wine tourism, areas of winery business that promote tourism include both service provision and destination marketing, development of wine routes forms an integral part of the wine tourism industry, estates sell more wine through the cellar-door and tourism industry needs well-developed infrastructure. To complete this analysis for Texas, an online survey was sent to over 9,000 wine consumers. Preliminary results of this study found that Texas winery travelers spend over $400 per winery visit. Winery tourism outspend typical tourist in Texas with 24% of their spending related to accommodations spending. Wineries involved in promoting tourism visitations have significantly higher sales and winery visitation than those not focusing on tourism as part of the marketing promotions (p<.05). A secondary aspect of this study is to survey Texas wineries and measure their involvement and satisfaction with TDA wine support efforts. The results illustrate that wineries involved in TDA wine promotional programs report higher increases in sales, winery visitations and attribute increases in sales to TDA marketing efforts over those less involved wineries. |
| Keywords: | Texas Wine, TDA Wine Marketing, State Value of Wine Marketing, Wine Tourism, Rural Tourism, Tourism, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2011–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea11:98793&r=cul |
| By: | Halkos, George; Tzeremes, Nickolaos |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the link between social and cultural factors with countries innovation performance. By measuring 25 countries’ innovation efficiency with the use of conditional and unconditional DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) frontiers the paper provides empirical evidence of the effect of culture on countries’ innovation efficiency. Particularly, conditional and unconditional full frontier models are used alongside with bootstrap techniques in order to determine the effect of national culture on countries’ innovation performance. The study illustrates how the recent developments in efficiency analysis and statistical inference can be applied when evaluating such issues. The results reveal that national culture has an impact on countries’ innovation efficiency. Analytically, the results indicate that higher PDI (power distance index), IDV (individualism) and UAI (uncertainty avoidance) values have a negative effect on countries innovation efficiency, whereas masculinity values appear to have a positive effect on countries innovation performance. |
| Keywords: | National culture; Innovation efficiency; Conditional efficiency; Bootstrap procedures |
| JEL: | C14 C02 C61 Z13 O14 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:30100&r=cul |