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on Cultural Economics |
| By: | GABSZEWICZ, Jean J. (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL). Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE)); LAUSSEL, Didier; SONNAC, Nathalie |
| Abstract: | The present note first provides an alternative formulation of the Cancian, Bills and Bergström (1995)- problem which discards the non-existence difficulty and consequently allows to consider some extensions of the TV-newscast scheduling game. The extension we consider consists in assuming that viewers'preferences between the competing channels do not depend only on the timing of their broadcast, but also on some other characteristics, like the content of the show or the identity of the newscaster. Then we identify a sufficient condition on the dispersion of these preferences over the viewers' population guaranteeing the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium. It turns out that, at this equilibrium, both networks broadcast their news at the same instant. |
| Keywords: | advertising, newspapers quality |
| JEL: | L15 L82 |
| Date: | 2008–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2008032&r=cul |
| By: | Nuppenau, E.-A. |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the problem of finding re-lative values for species in the case of biodiversity conservation in a cultural landscape. We use the concept of shadow prices to derive flexible functional forms that allow us to conduct an in-teractive and internal valuation process. The paper is organi-zed such as that (1) the theory of shadow price derivation is presented in a framework of programming. (2) We obtain qua-dratic objective functions for participant in the valuation pro-cess. (3) Quasi demand and supply functions are derived from which we can simulate a market. (5) The special role of ecolo-gists as experts and potential managers of a landscape is ad-dressed and (6), or finally, a balanced solution on values, value oriented management, and species prevalence is provided. |
| Keywords: | Valuation, cultural landscape, species composition and nature provision by farms, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:43608&r=cul |
| By: | Rewerts, A.; Hanf, J.H. |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, consumers usually do not just consider the functional use of a product. At least equally important are the emotional experiences that are tied up with the product and that are sated with non-material elements of a product. Which non-material elements of a product are considered important by the consumer, depends on his or her personal values. Therefore, the identification of personal values assists in explaining the consumers€٠purchasing motives. Since personal values do not just influence a consumers€٠purchasing decision but vary between cultural circles, it is expected that cultural values lead to culture-specific consumption patterns. To analyse the coherences between cultural values and the consumer behaviour of a cultural circle, 40 female wine consumers, comprised of 20 German and 20 Ukrainian women, were interviewed on the basis of Means-End-Chain-Theory using laddering-interviews. The initial findings of this qualitative survey will be presented in this poster. |
| Keywords: | Means-End-Chain-Theory, cross-cultural comparison, wine consumers, Consumer/Household Economics, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:44332&r=cul |
| By: | Puscasu, Violeta |
| Abstract: | The study is based on the assertion that any inhabitable space carries in itself a cultural vocation, i.e. the favorability for a specific cultural product, and spirituality is one of its major dimensions, sometimes associated up to synonymy to culture. Among the range of cultural, artistic, political, economic and social categories, religion has represented a noticeable manifestation, and the monastic phenomenon in particular represents a constant whose regional materializations are various and active. The European orthodox cultural area to which the subject of this article is subscribed reveals a well defined contemporary contour of the phenomenon and a density of its material manifestations, accentuated by the favoring political changes of the last two decades. Banishing the restrictions imposed by the communist ideology has generated on the level of religious material culture a true “explosion” of worshiping places, both parishional and monastic. The number of orthodox monasteries alone in the entire European area goes beyond 1700, which cannot remain without an impact upon the various components of social and economic life and therefore, as far as we are concerned, upon the aspects connected with their regionalizing and the influence upon the physical and spatial territorial planning. Starting from a general, continental and macro-regional distribution and going down to the local level of internal clippings to which monasteries and skytes are subscribed, the major analysis of this paper is focused on the situation in Romania which reunites over 500 monastic establishments (second to Russia numerically but on the top of the list according to social density indicators). The aspects connected with the geographical distribution correlated with architectonic, historic and structural identifiers constitute a topic that has interested along the years either only a specialized audience, or a more recent category of users that have taken into consideration their touristic potential and, through this, the secularizing component of the market and economic value. The scientific literature is nevertheless poor from the viewpoint of studies regarding the role of the monasteries in shaping the spatial culture and in organizing space, and even poorer if we think of land planning in the contemporary world, few bibliographical references being hardly available. The western reasons are related to the relict character of the active monastic phenomenon, and in the east-European societies the reestablishment of spiritual life within the framework of democracy is still fresh. Due to the amplitude (at least material) of its reestablishment, the religious life becomes an important local cultural element that has to be taken into account in the contemporary European politics. The present paper, written mainly on the basis of field research and analysis, is structured into two parts: - the analysis of monasteries spatial distribution and the internal regionalization of monastic spaces using geographical criteria and the degree of accessibility; - the relevance of this material and spiritual identity level of the Romanian space for the directions and actions of land planning, as a special form of spatial planning. Since the paper is part of larger scientific endeavor, the present study is organized mainly as an argument for at least two questions: (i) which are the relations between the Romanian Christian spirituality and culture and the European spatial planning, and (ii) what role does local culture play in the process of regional spatial planning. |
| Keywords: | regionalization; cultural; Romania; spatial planning |
| JEL: | Z12 P29 R14 |
| Date: | 2008–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:11660&r=cul |
| By: | Rodseth, K.L. |
| Abstract: | It is often assumed that the agricultural sector produces public goods or positive externalities that benefit the domestic consumers, in addition to its production of private goods. Efficient agricultural support is consequently directed towards resolving market failures caused by the existence of these public goods or externalities. We illustrate how this can be achieved in a Computable General Equilibrium model for one multifunctional aspect of agricultural production, namely the production of cultural landscape. Using a public good modeling framework as point of departure, we develop supply- and willingness to pay functions for cultural landscape. Governmental agricultural support is adjusted to achieve efficient supply of the public good. As an illustration we apply our framework using a general equilibrium model for Norway. We show that efficient supply of cultural landscape can be achieved even with a tremendous reduction in initial overall support of agricultural production. |
| Keywords: | CGE modeling, Multifunctionality, Public Goods, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:44170&r=cul |
| By: | Francesco BALDUCCI (Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di Economia) |
| Abstract: | [ITALIANO] Le preferenze dei consumatori si stanno trasformando in maniera decisa nei;confronti della musica digitale. La diffusione del file sharing e della musica;attraverso internet ha modificato profondamente il mercato musicale, i ruoli;e le interrelazioni fra gli agenti economici. Il mercato delle registrazioni su;supporto tradizionale quello maggiormente penalizzato dal crescente numero di download a causa del fenomeno della sostituzione. Nel mercato degli spettacoli live invece l'effetto dominante quello promozionale. Di conseguenza in una prima fase i profitti delle case discografiche - basati principalmente sulle registrazioni - si sono ridotti mentre quelli di artisti e promoter sono aumentati. Tramite il modello si formalizza il funzionamento dell'odierno mercato musicale alla luce delle interrelazioni fra agenti e sottomercati. Si propone inoltre una soluzione strategica di ingresso nel mercato dei live da parte delle case discografiche tramite fusione con il promoter. Secondo questo scenario anche il profitto delle case discografiche potrebbe aumentare in presenza di file sharing.<BR>;[ENGLISH] Consumption behaviours, listening habits and musical preferences are constantly changing. The widespread diffusion of digital music has radically;modified the music market and agents' behaviour. The greater availability of music made possible by the internet has a negative impact on the recorded music market, due to substitution effect. At the same time, it actually stimulates live concert attendance, thanks to promotional effect. The model shows that, given the present contractual arrangements within the music industry, record companies profit decreases with the number of downloads, while artists profit - based mostly on live shows - increases. A strategic solution for record companies is then proposed. They should extend their business frontiers by entering the concert industry, either by competing or cooperating with artists. In that scenario record companies profit can increase with the number of downloads. |
| Keywords: | media, music industry, peer-to-peer, recodr companies strategy |
| JEL: | L1 L82 O33 Z11 |
| Date: | 2008–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:326&r=cul |
| By: | Florkowski, W.J.; Carew, R.; He, Senhui |
| Abstract: | Italian wines have been enjoyed by Canadian consumers for decades and the consumption is not limited to the ethnic Italian population. The study examines effects of wine characteristics and the brand associated with the designation of geographic origin estimating five hedonic price equations for Barbaresco; Barbera; Veneto (Valpolicella, Amarone and Reecioto); Soave; and, Chianti and uses weekly sales data from British Columbia retail outlets. Results indicate that, in general, a premium was paid for higher alcohol content, but the effects of individual brands within each area of origin varied and the range of price premia and discounts was from 14% to -12% suggesting that small price changes with regard to the baseline wine price could affect purchase. |
| Keywords: | Hedonic pricing, appellation, objective characteristics, Demand and Price Analysis, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:44403&r=cul |
| By: | Andrew Sweeting |
| Abstract: | Commercial radio stations and advertisers have potentially conflicting interests about when commercial breaks should be played. This paper estimates an incomplete information timing game to examine stations' equilibrium timing incentives. It shows how identification can be aided by the existence of multiple equilibria when appropriate data are available. It finds that stations want to play their commercials at the same time, suggesting that mechanisms exist which align the incentives of stations with the interests of advertisers. It also shows that coordination incentives are much stronger during drivetime hours, when more listeners switch stations, and in smaller markets. |
| JEL: | C35 C72 L13 L82 |
| Date: | 2008–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14506&r=cul |
| By: | Deal, David |
| Abstract: | This study posits that Internet technologies are relaxing the coupling constraints required for the consumption of digital games, resulting in entirely different modes of consumption than has been the norm for the past thirty years. The data collection and analysis found that players of traditional console-based games tend to play for several hours at a time while at a home during evenings and on weekends, the traditional scenario associated with leisure activities. Players of the latest breed of online browser-based digital games, on the other hand, tend to play them for only a few minutes at a time, and at many times throughout the day as a diversionary filler activ-ity between other daily activities. Because they utilize simple and readily available Internet technologies, online browser-based games have facilitated the penetration of digital games into new spaces, including the workplace and school, reflecting a growing trend in modern society. |
| Keywords: | Digital games; online browser-based games; time use; uses and gratifications |
| JEL: | D70 Z19 J22 C89 |
| Date: | 2008–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:11655&r=cul |
| By: | Bazoche, P.; Deola, C.; Soler, L.G. |
| Abstract: | The reduction of pesticides use is becoming a priority for the public authorities in many countries. We conducted an experiment with wine consumers to see whether end-consumers value the dissemination of information about environmentally-friendly production practices. The experiment was devised to (i) evaluate whether there is a premium for environmentallyfriendly wines, (ii) determine whether or not consumers are sensitive to label owners who implement and guarantee the environmental actions, (iii) and assess the impact of public messages about the consequences of pesticide use. Some 139 participants were divided randomly into two groups. One group had no specific information about the current state of pesticide use in farming. The other group was given information about pesticide use in farming before making their valuations. Becker-DeGroot-Marshak mechanisms revealed that (i) the environmental signal is valued differently depending on who conveyed the information, and that (ii) dissemination of information about the environmental repercussions of farming methods does not significantly affect willingness-to-pay. |
| Keywords: | Willingness to pay, Wine, Effect of information, Experimental economics, Environment, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:43651&r=cul |
| By: | Sula, Ozan |
| Abstract: | I estimate the determinants of the demand for international reserves using quantile regressions. Employing a dataset of 96 developing nations over the period of 1980-1996, I find considerable differences at different points of the conditional distribution of reserves. The ordinary least squares estimates of elasticities that were found to be insignificant in previous studies become statistically significant at various quantiles of the reserve holding distribution. In particular, I find that the coefficients of interest rate differential and volatility of export receipts are significant and have the signs predicted by the traditional reserve models, but only for those nations that hold the highest amount of reserves. In contrast, the flexibility of the exchange rate does not seem to be an important factor for the nations that are located at the tails of the distribution. |
| Keywords: | International reserves; Quantile regression; Demand for reserves; Reserve policy |
| JEL: | F30 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:11680&r=cul |
| By: | Merz, Joachim; Stolze, Henning |
| Abstract: | Representative and reliable individual time use data, in connection with a proper set of socio-economic back-ground variables, are essential elements for the empirical foundation and evaluation of existing and new theories in general and in particular for time use analyses. Within the international project Assessing Time Use Survey Datasets several potentially useful individual US time use heritage datasets have been identified for use in de-veloping an historical series of non-market accounts. In order to evaluate the series of American Heritage Time Use Data (AHTUD) (1965, 1975, 1985, 1992-94, 1998-99) this paper analyses the representativeness of this data when using given weights and provides a new harmonised calibration of the AHTUD for sound time use analyses. Our calibration procedure with its ADJUST program package is theoretically founded on information theory, consistent with a simultaneous weighting including hierarchical data, ensures desired positive weights, and is well-suited and available for any time use data calibration of interest. We present the calibration approach and provide new harmonised weights for all AHTUD surveys based on a substantially driven calibration frame-work. To illustrate the various application possibilities of a calibration, we finally disentangle demographic vs. time use behavioural changes and developments by re-calibrating all five AHTUD surveys using 1965 popula-tion totals as a benchmark. |
| Keywords: | Representative time use data; calibration (adjustment re-weighting) of microdata; information theory; minimum information loss principle; American Heritage Time Use Data (AHTUD); ADJUST program package |
| JEL: | Z0 J22 J29 J11 |
| Date: | 2008–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:11651&r=cul |
| By: | Malorgio, G.; Hertzberg, A.; Grazia, C. |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes habits and motivations behind wine consumption in Italy and focuses on the attributes affecting wine choice, through interviews and a choice experiment approach. We show that consumers are interested in a wide concept of quality, which covers the whole production process. Both the notoriety of the industrial brand and the designation of origin constitute important quality signals. However, the use of the designation of origin to assess quality at the moment of purchase requires a certain level of product knowledge and involvement. Supermarkets and stores play an increasing role in the commercialization of wine on the final market. Nevertheless, the appreciation of private label wines is relatively low. Finally, we provide some observations on how the Italian wineries are equipped toward market requirements, according to the typologies of vertical relationship between the vine growing and the grapevine processing stages, the quantity and quality strategies. |
| Keywords: | wine consumer behaviour, choice experiment, wineries strategies, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae08:44419&r=cul |