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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2025–05–19
thirteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira, Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Hunt, Jennifer; Cockburn, Iain; Bessen, James |
| Abstract: | Using our own data on artificial intelligence publications merged with Burning Glass vacancy data for 2007-2019, we investigate whether online vacancies for jobs requiring AI skills grow more slowly in US locations farther from pre-2007 AI innovation hotspots. We find that a commuting zone which is an additional 200km (125 miles) from the closest AI hotspot has 17% lower growth in AI jobs' share of vacancies. This is driven by distance from AI papers rather than AI patents. Distance reduces growth in AI research jobs as well as in jobs adapting AI to new industries, as evidenced by strong effects for computer and mathematical researchers, developers of software applications, and the finance and insurance industry. 20% of the effect is explained by the presence of state borders between some commuting zones and their closest hotspot. This could reflect state borders impeding migration and thus flows of tacit knowledge. Distance does not capture difficulty of in-person or remote collaboration nor knowledge and personnel flows within multi-establishment firms hiring in computer occupations. |
| Keywords: | technological change; economic geography; growth; technology adoption and diffusion |
| JEL: | O33 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126840 |
| By: | Mihalj Bakator (Technical Faculty "Mihajlo Pupin" in Zrenjanin, University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia); Dragan Ćoćkalo (Technical Faculty "Mihajlo Pupin" in Zrenjanin, University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia); Milan Nikolić (Technical Faculty "Mihajlo Pupin" in Zrenjanin, University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the synergistic integration of AI-driven predictive analytics within Industry 5.0, emphasizing its transformative impact on business operations across various sectors. It highlights the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing human-machine collaboration to create more responsive, sustainable, and personalized manufacturing environments. Through detailed analysis, the paper notes how AI not only optimizes operational efficiencies but also enables the personalization of products and services, thus meeting diverse consumer needs with unprecedented precision. The study proposes a theoretical model comprising three main elements: the enterprise, AI-driven predictive analytics, and the enterprise in Industry 5.0. The paper offers comprehensive strategies for governments, enterprises, and individuals to improve problem-solving and foster innovation within the rapidly evolving industrial landscape. |
| Keywords: | Industry 5.0, AI solutions, Predictive Analytics, Business |
| JEL: | L60 M11 M21 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2024:i:5:p:194-201 |
| By: | Kristina McElheran; Mu-Jeung Yang; Zachary Kroff; Erik Brynjolfsson |
| Abstract: | We examine the prevalence and productivity dynamics of artificial intelligence (AI) in American manufacturing. Working with the Census Bureau to collect detailed large-scale data for 2017 and 2021, we focus on AI-related technologies with industrial applications. We find causal evidence of J-curve-shaped returns, where short-term performance losses precede longer-term gains. Consistent with costly adjustment taking place within core production processes, industrial AI use increases work-in-progress inventory, investment in industrial robots, and labor shedding, while harming productivity and profitability in the short run. These losses are unevenly distributed, concentrating among older businesses while being mitigated by growth-oriented business strategies and within-firm spillovers. Dynamics, however, matter: earlier (pre-2017) adopters exhibit stronger growth over time, conditional on survival. Notably, among older establishments, abandonment of structured production-management practices accounts for roughly one-third of these losses, revealing a specific channel through which intangible factors shape AI’s impact. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence on the microfoundations of technology J-curves, identifying mechanisms and illuminating how and why they differ across firm types. These findings extend our understanding of modern General Purpose Technologies, explaining why their economic impact—exemplified here by AI—may initially disappoint, particularly in contexts dominated by older, established firms. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, General Purpose Technology, Manufacturing, Organizational Change, Productivity, Management Practices |
| JEL: | D24 O33 M11 L60 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-27 |
| By: | Chea, Vybol; Chautagnat, Jean Luc; Sophat, Phon |
| Abstract: | Higher education plays an important role in training human resources with real competencies, knowledge, and skills. In this context, it’s improving the quality of higher education is a necessary and urgent thing to do, as Cambodia has a vision of becoming a high-middle-income country by 2030. Innovation and Entrepreneurship refers to an individual’s ability to turn ideas into action. It includes creativity, innovation, and risk-taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in order to achieve objectives. Innovation and Entrepreneurship refers to an individual’s ability to turn ideas into action. It includes creativity, innovation, and risk-taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in order to achieve objectives. This helps everyone in daily life at home and in society, increases employee awareness of the context of their work and their ability to take advantage of opportunities, and forms the basis for entrepreneurs starting a business or social enterprise. An international phenomenon, entrepreneurship has a favorable impact on economic growth worldwide through the birth of fresh and creative business start-ups. Because of their beneficial effects on the economy, these new small firms help create jobs and persuade lawmakers to acknowledge and encourage entrepreneurial start-ups. Cambodia is concerned with promoting entrepreneurship to all people in order to develop successful entrepreneurs. Several entrepreneurship programs have been developed by the government and higher education institutions (HEIs) to support these entrepreneurship movements, but very little is known about the effectiveness of these entrepreneurship programs’ implementation. Therefore, this study has been evaluated to what extent the effectiveness of entrepreneurship subjects in Cambodia which has been selected as the target for higher education levels in the Siem Reap, Kampong Cham and Battambang province. This study uses case study methods and was carried out in two stages. The first stage is a descriptive and evaluative phase. Here, the study focused on the mapping of existing learning and institutional support within HEIs. To gain a better understanding of learning experiences that prepare students to become successful entrepreneurs, data exploration on the learning process within HEIs is assessed from internal viewpoints. The explanation phase is stage two. During this phase, the concepts, categories, and propositions derived from the phenomena are discovered and developed in order to provide a theory and platform for entrepreneurial learning. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Education |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:316321 |
| By: | Drivas, Kyriakos; Anagnosti, Afroditi |
| Abstract: | Innovation and exports are closely related concepts that are frequently explored in the academic literature, particularly in the fields of economics, business strategy, and intellectual property management. The purpose of this paper is to explore these concepts via two complementary approaches. First, while the relationship between innovation and exports is well established, the specific contributions of different stages of innovation remain underexplored. We therefore use the principle of relatedness and examine how different stages of innovation—namely technology, market, and design activities—are related to export specialisation. The results show that technology- and market-related capabilities serve as key drivers of new export specialisation. Second, we conducted an in-depth survey of Greek inventors with the aim to identify the motives, challenges and opportunities they face throughout the complex process of patenting and valorisation. The study reveals significant differences in the patenting motivations of Greek inventors according to their affiliation. Independent inventors and university-affiliated researchers see patents primarily as tools for commercialisation, exploiting them through licensing or sales. In contrast, large companies focus on strategic patenting to protect products and block competitors. |
| Keywords: | innovation; export; patents; inventors; motives to file IPRs |
| JEL: | R14 J01 L81 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128033 |
| By: | Nina Bo\v{c}kov\'a; Barbora Voln\'a; Mirko Dohnal |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses gender-related aspects of innovation processes in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Classical analytical and statistical approaches often struggle with the high complexity and insufficient data typical of gender-related innovation studies. We propose a trend-based modelling framework that requires minimal information and uses non-numerical quantifiers: increasing, constant, and decreasing. This approach enables the analysis of ten-dimensional models including variables such as Gender, Product Innovation, Process Innovation, and High-Risk Tolerance. Using trend-based artificial intelligence methods, we identify 13 distinct scenarios and all possible transitions between them. This allows for the evaluation of queries like: Can exports increase while gender parameters remain constant? Two versions of the GASI trend model are presented: the original and an expert-modified version addressing critiques related to scenario transitions. The final model confirms stability and supports the assumption that "no tree grows to heaven." Trend-based modelling offers a practical, interpretable alternative for complex, data-scarce systems. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.08493 |
| By: | Pardy, Martina |
| Abstract: | his article examines the extent to which the presence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) influences the concentration of innovation among patenting firms within US states from 1976 to 2010. Merging patent and regional socioeconomic data, this study explores the effects within 50 US states over more than three decades using Ordinary-Least-Square and Instrumental Variable estimations. It shows that MNEs significantly contribute to the concentration of patenting activity, an effect predominantly driven by domestic-owned MNEs. The impact differs across space: states with a higher share of MNEs experience a sharper increase in patenting concentration. Crucially, it is the non-MNE firms that feel the squeeze the most, with those in the middle of the patenting hierarchy producing fewer patents when domestic MNEs ramp up their activity. This suggests that economic globalisation, while enhancing innovation opportunities for some, reinforces competitive pressures and barriers for others. These findings offer a new perspective on the forces shaping regional innovation dynamics, highlighting the role of MNEs in both amplifying innovation gains and exacerbating disparities in knowledge production. |
| Keywords: | globalisation; multinational enterprises; innovation; concentration; regional development |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127983 |
| By: | Domagoj Hruška (Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb); Radoslav Barišić (Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb); Tomislav Baković (Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | Purpose The rapid implementation of Industry 4.0, driven by the integration of digital technologies, automation, big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems, represents a transformative shift in industrial paradigms. This Fourth Industrial Revolution is unique in its fusion of technologies, which blur the boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological domains (Schwab, 2017). The technological advancements embedded within Industry 4.0 significantly impact leadership in organizations. As the complexity and dynamism of Industry 4.0 environments grow, there is a pressing need for new leadership competencies that emphasize agility, digital fluency, and collaborative capabilities (Faller and Feldmüller, 2015). In parallel, the education sector within the European Union has recognized the importance of preparing future leaders to address not only the digital challenges of Industry 4.0 but also the societal and economic complexities of the 21st century. The concept of entrepreneurial leadership in EU education acknowledges these emerging trends and seeks to cultivate leaders equipped with emotional intelligence and intercultural competence. This chapter aims to conceptualize a model of entrepreneurial leadership that bridges the gap between theoretical learning and real-world applications, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving industrial and educational landscapes. As traditional leadership models may no longer be adequate to meet the demands of Industry 4.0, leaders must evolve, becoming facilitators of digital transformation and enablers of innovation within their organizations (Kagermann, 2015). Similarly, the proposed model of entrepreneurial leadership in EU education emphasizes the development of leaders who can foster experiential learning and cross-cultural collaboration, skills that are essential for thriving in the interconnected, technology-driven world of Industry 4.0. Digital transformation technologies have changed contemporary organizational environments and operations (Ly, 2023). The practitioners agreed on visionary thinking, agility, understanding the value of data, data-driven decision-making, knowledge of strategy, and accepting change as the most important requirements for managing digital transformation (Philip et al., 2023). By integrating the core elements of Industry 4.0 into leadership education, this research seeks to explore how educational strategies and leadership competencies can be aligned to foster innovation, adaptability, and workforce engagement. Both Industry 4.0 and the evolving leadership models within EU education converge on a common objective: equipping future leaders with the tools and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing technological and societal landscape. Methodology The proposed research will adopt a qualitative approach to explore the evolving leadership competencies required in Industry 4.0. By focusing on the qualitative dimension of leadership, this study aims to capture in-depth insights into how leaders are navigating the challenges of digital transformation and fostering innovation in their organizations. This approach will provide a more nuanced understanding of the leadership styles and strategies that are most effective in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Data collection will occur through two primary methods: semi-structured interviews and case studies. Firstly, a series of semi-structured interviews will be conducted with a select group of participants who have demonstrated leadership success in the digital age. These participants will be chosen based on their experience and proven track record in leading organizations through digital transformation initiatives. The interviews will explore key aspects of their leadership practices, including decision-making processes, approaches to fostering collaboration, and strategies for overcoming the complexities associated with Industry 4.0. The semi-structured format will allow for flexibility in the interviews, enabling participants to share their experiences while ensuring that key themes relevant to Industry 4.0 leadership are addressed. Thematic analysis will be applied to the interview data to identify recurring patterns, themes, and insights (Guest et al., 2012). In addition to interviews, this research will employ case studies of organizations that have successfully embraced Industry 4.0 technologies. These case studies will provide concrete examples of leadership practices in action, offering valuable contextual insights. Through an examination of these organizations, the research will explore how leadership competencies, organizational culture, and strategic decision-making have influenced the successful implementation of digital technologies. The case studies will help to illuminate the specific factors that contribute to leadership efficacy in the Industry 4.0 environment, providing practical examples of leadership models that can be applied across different sectors. In parallel, this study will draw on the conceptual framework of entrepreneurial leadership in EU education. The qualitative data gathered from interviews and case studies will also be analyzed in light of the evolving educational strategies aimed at developing entrepreneurial leadership competencies. By comparing leadership practices in Industry 4.0 with educational models that emphasize emotional intelligence, intercultural competence, and experiential learning, the research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on how leadership can be cultivated in both industrial and educational settings. This combined methodological approach-semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis, and case studies offer a detailed, context-rich understanding of the leadership competencies required for success in the rapidly changing landscape of Industry 4.0, as well as provide insights for enhancing leadership education in the EU. Findings The research is anticipated to yield several significant insights into the evolving role of leadership within the context of Industry 4.0. Through an in-depth analysis of qualitative data gathered from interviews and case studies, the study aims to uncover essential leadership competencies that will define success in this technology-driven era. One of the primary findings is the identification of a core set of competencies, including digital literacy, strategic vision, and the ability to lead diverse, cross-functional teams. These skills are crucial for leaders to navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing technological landscape, where traditional boundaries between departments and roles are increasingly blurred. Emotional intelligence and intercultural competence, as emphasized in the entrepreneurial leadership model in EU education, will also emerge as critical competencies for managing global and interconnected teams in this new industrial paradigm. In addition to identifying core competencies, the research is expected to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between leadership styles and organizational outcomes, particularly in fostering innovation and employee engagement. Leadership styles that prioritize transformational and servant leadership are likely to be associated with higher levels of organizational adaptability and creativity. These styles, which emphasize fostering a culture of continuous improvement and putting people first, are expected to play a vital role in navigating the challenges of digital transformation in Industry 4.0 environments. The study will also offer practical recommendations for leadership development programs designed to equip leaders with the skills necessary for Industry 4.0. These programs will need to emphasize continuous learning and agility, ensuring that leaders remain adaptable in the face of rapidly evolving technologies and market conditions. Developing interdisciplinary knowledge that blends technical, strategic, and interpersonal skills will be critical to preparing leaders for the multifaceted challenges posed by Industry 4.0. Qualitative findings will provide further insights into how leaders manage the interplay between technology and human factors in practice. As organizations become more automated, leaders will need to address ethical concerns related to automation, data privacy, and artificial intelligence, while ensuring that technological advancements align with organizational values. Maintaining a human-centric approach in leadership, which balances the increasing role of automation with the need to preserve human creativity and collaboration, will be vital for fostering a cohesive and motivated workforce. Finally, the case studies will serve as valuable models of best practices, offering a roadmap for leaders guiding their organizations through digital transformation. These case studies will highlight effective leadership strategies for integrating Industry 4.0 technologies, overcoming common challenges such as resistance to change, and ensuring the workforce is equipped to thrive in a technology-driven environment. Overall, the research is expected to bridge the gap between theoretical leadership models and their real-world application, providing valuable insights for both industry leaders and educators who are shaping the next generation of leaders. Value of the study The value of this research lies in its significant contribution to the evolving understanding of leadership in the digital age. While much of the existing literature on Industry 4.0 has focused on its technological aspects—such as automation, big data, and cyber-physical systems—there is a notable gap in research on the human element, particularly the role of leadership in guiding organizations through these profound changes. By emphasizing leadership, this study addresses a critical gap in the literature and offers practical implications for industry practitioners (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). One of the primary contributions of this research is its exploration of the leadership competencies required to navigate the complexities of Industry 4.0. The findings will provide a deeper understanding of the skills, styles, and strategies that leaders must adopt to foster innovation, drive digital transformation, and engage their workforce in technology-driven environments. For organizational leaders and policymakers, these insights will be invaluable in developing leadership frameworks and training programs tailored to the demands of Industry 4.0. The study will guide efforts to cultivate leadership that is agile, technologically fluent, and capable of managing cross-functional, diverse teams. Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach of this research- combining leadership theory with insights from technology management and organizational behavior—adds a valuable dimension to the existing body of knowledge. By integrating perspectives from multiple fields, the study will provide a more holistic understanding of how organizations can thrive in an era of rapid technological change. This comprehensive perspective is essential as it highlights the intersection between human factors and technology, offering a balanced view of how leaders can effectively manage both the technological and human challenges posed by Industry 4.0. As the digital era continues to reshape the industrial landscape, the insights from this research will be instrumental in helping leaders guide their organizations toward long-term success and sustainability. The study's findings will serve not only as a resource for industry practitioners seeking to implement effective leadership strategies but also as a foundation for future academic research on leadership in the context of technological transformation. By shedding light on the evolving role of leadership in Industry 4.0, this research will ultimately contribute to the development of more adaptive, innovative, and resilient organizations. Conclusion Leadership in the age of Industry 4.0 presents both significant challenges and unprecedented opportunities for those responsible for guiding organizations through the complex processes of digital transformation. This research will make a vital contribution to understanding how leadership must evolve to remain effective within this new industrial paradigm. By focusing on the human element of Industry 4.0, the study will help fill a critical gap in the current literature, providing valuable insights into the competencies, leadership styles, and strategies that are essential for success. The findings will serve as a blueprint for developing leadership that is not only adaptable and innovative but also ethically grounded, enabling leaders to navigate the complexities of technological disruption while maintaining organizational values and fostering human-centric approaches. Ultimately, this research aims to offer practical solutions for industry practitioners and policymakers, helping them shape leadership frameworks that ensure long-term organizational success and sustainability in an increasingly digital and automated world. As technological advancements continue to reshape industries globally, the study’s contributions will be instrumental in preparing leaders for the future challenges and opportunities of Industry 4.0. |
| Keywords: | Industry 4.0, Leadership competencies, Digital transformation, Entrepreneurial leadership, Innovation management |
| JEL: | O32 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2024:i:5:p:206-210 |
| By: | Tamara Kaftandjieva (School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana); Metka Tekavčič (School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana); Atanas Kočov (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering – Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje) |
| Abstract: | The wine industry in the Balkans holds significant potential for fostering sustainable regional development, but it also faces numerous environmental, economic, social, and regulatory challenges. Through a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with professionals in the Balkan wine industry, this article explores the most pressing sustainability challenges and proposes strategic solutions for overcoming these barriers. Grounded in sustainability theories, including the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework and Stakeholder theory, the findings highlight the collaborative initiatives, technological innovation, implementation of circular economy principles, policy reform, and social initiatives as pivotal to fostering sustainable practices. This research contributes to the literature on regional sustainable development by offering new insights into industry-specific challenges and solutions, providing a conceptual framework for further exploration and policy formulation in the context of the Balkans. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability, Balkan wine industry, Regional development, Qualitative study |
| JEL: | Q13 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2024:i:5:p:211-219 |
| By: | Michael Koch; Antonella Nocco |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a novel mechanism by emphasizing benefits for firms through participation in buyer networks among firms that source the same locally produced inputs. In a first step, we utilize register-based data from Denmark to generate a firm-specific buyer network variable which relies on firms’ industrial input structures and imports. Utilizing this proxy we provide evidence of cost savings from network participation, as larger buyer networks reduce firms’ input demand. Subsequently, we develop a trade model incorporating vertical linkages and introduce network effects that result in savings in intermediate costs. Our theory posits that the magnitude of these savings may be associated with the effectiveness of knowledge transmission among network participants. Consequently, firms operating in regions with efficient knowledge transmission networks may realize greater savings in intermediate input costs, leading to increased profits from local and export sales. In a last step, we provide empirical evidence supporting our theoretical predictions by demonstrating the positive impact of buyer networks based on relationship-specific products on domestic firm revenues. |
| Keywords: | new trade theory, vertical linkages, network effects. |
| JEL: | F12 F15 R12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11815 |
| By: | Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés |
| Abstract: | This article examines the role of Swedish higher education institutions (HEIs) in economic development, focusing on the impact of their research capacities on local economic activity. Globally, HEIs are increasingly prioritising research, frequently at the expense of education and local economic engagement, as a means to climb the university ranking ladder. Sweden has been no exception. Our findings indicate that research intensity at Swedish HEIs does not correlate with higher local income. Rather, the opposite is the case: more emphasis on top-end research seems to undermine local income. We explore human capital and innovation as possible mechanisms for the limited local economic influence of Swedish HEIs. The results reveal that HEIs do not significantly improve local human capital. Moreover, despite Swedish HEIs holding intellectual property rights to foster innovation, the actual economic translation of this knowledge faces considerable hurdles, including a misalignment with industry needs and limited local business collaboration. |
| Keywords: | higher education institutions; Sweden; research capacity; innovation; human capital |
| JEL: | I23 I20 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127188 |
| By: | Daniel Nauck (Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Science, Faculty of Economics); Martin Nowak (HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Faculty of Management, Social Work, Construction); Michael Herzog (Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Scholars and policymakers have discussed the emphasis on entrepreneurial growth, especially the importance of cooperation with local and regional stakeholders (e.g. local politics, social or innovation networks, or collaboration with regional universities) to gain inner-city economics resilience and to attract owner-managed retail (OMR) and support entrepreneurial SMEs. We aim to contribute to the discussion by adding an entrepreneurial learning perspective, using insights from an exploratory case study research project, which examined efforts made by entrepreneurial retailers in terms of digitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic through the support of their social network. In doing so, we are introducing and discussing the use of visual data collection within an ego-centered qualitative network analysis (ENA) framework, introducing the method in an entrepreneurship and business management research context. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Digital business, Retail, Ego-centred network analysis |
| JEL: | I25 L81 O00 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoh:conpro:2024:i:5:p:220-228 |
| By: | Cote, Christine; Hu, Helen |
| Abstract: | IB scholars are interested in understanding the uniqueness of emerging markets and their firms and argue that firms operating in environments characterized by institutional voids are likely to face higher costs due to reduced information flows and limited market intermediaries. We argue that institutional voids drive the dynamic capabilities of emerging market multinational enterprises. Taking the Chinese auto industry as an example, this article integrates institutional voids and dynamic capabilities to provide insight into how Chinese EMNEs have moved from technology followers to technology leaders to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competencies and address a rapidly changing environment. |
| Keywords: | emerging markets; EMMNEs; dynamic capability; institutional voids; China Speed |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2025–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127244 |