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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2022‒04‒04
nine papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Goel, Rajeev K. |
| Abstract: | Whereas various drivers of the international innovative activity have been studied in the literature, our understanding of the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation deserves more attention. Are the different innovation linkages equally complementary to research inputs in fostering innovation? This paper addresses the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation, across two different measures of innovation. We find that a broader index of innovation linkages shows positive and significant spillovers on innovation, while joint ventures and university-industry collaborations fail to exert a significant influence. These spillovers are reinforced by the positive and expected impacts of R&D spending. In other results, greater venture capital investments boost innovation in most cases, while more FDI boosts one type of innovation output. These findings are uniquely shown to be sensitive across least- and most innovative nations when a quantile regression is employed. Implications for technology policy are discussed. |
| Keywords: | patents,innovation,innovation linkages,R&D,joint ventures,university-industry collaboration |
| JEL: | O31 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2211&r= |
| By: | Igna, Ioana (CIRCLE, Lund University); Venturini, Francesco (University of Perugia) |
| Abstract: | Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the innovative success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ research in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation has been developed by the most prolific firms in the field of ICT, presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects), and benefits from complementaries with knowledge developed in network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently in cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of research but is lower in presence of narrow and mature technological competencies of the firm. AI innovating companies are found to benefit from spillovers associated with innovations developed in the field of ICT by the business sector; this effect, however, is confined to frontier firms. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased mainly due to the accumulation of internal competencies and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. |
| Keywords: | AI; ICT; patenting; European firms |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2022_003&r= |
| By: | Holger Graf (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Economics); Martin Kalthaus (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Various forms of interaction during the process of research and innovation constitute a global network of knowledge generation and diffusion. Countries and their research organizations and individual scientists need to be embedded in this network to participate in global knowledge flows and to increase success in idea generation, invention and innovation. In this chapter, we review the literature on two of the most important channels of international knowledge diffusion in the field of science: research collaboration and scientist mobility. We thereby focus on the motives and determinants to collaborate or move internationally, the formation of a global knowledge network and the effects of embeddedness in the network and its influence on aggregate outcomes. From this review, we derive seven stylized facts on global knowledge embeddedness. |
| Keywords: | scientist mobility, research collaboration, global knowledge network, literature review |
| JEL: | O33 F60 O15 |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2022-004&r= |
| By: | Fassio, Claudio (CIRCLE, Lund University); Igna, Ioana (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the career paths of foreign students in Sweden, after graduation. Matching individual data on foreign graduates in Sweden with information about their employers, we analyze the sectors in which they start their career after graduation in Sweden, during the period 2000-2014. We propose that foreign graduates are attracted by firms operating in sectors employing a higher level of knowledge codification and in expanding sectors with a higher growth of demand for skilled workers. Our findings indicate that foreign graduates are more likely than Swedish ones to work in high-tech sectors, both in manufacturing and services, and in expanding industries, such as the services with low knowledge intensity. Foreign students from more culturally distant locations are more likely to work in high-tech or in expanding sectors. Finally, STEM foreign graduates are the main driver of the propensity to work in high tech manufacturing sectors, but not in high tech services. |
| Keywords: | foreign graduates; STEM; cultural distance; high tech; occupations |
| JEL: | J20 O39 |
| Date: | 2021–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2022_002&r= |
| By: | Michael Kirker; Lynda Sanderson (The Treasury) |
| Abstract: | Linked employer-employee data from New Zealand is used to study the relationship between a firm’s productivity growth and its exposure to outside knowledge through the hiring of new workers with previous work experience. The estimated relationship between productivity growth and hiring is compared to the predictions implied by two different channels: worker quality and knowledge spillover. Although it is not possible to identify a causal relationship, the productivity of a worker’s previous employer is correlated with subsequent productivity growth at the hiring firm. The patterns of this correlation are consistent with both the worker quality and knowledge spillover channels operating simultaneously. Furthermore, if knowledge spillover is occurring, the results suggest the type of knowledge spilling over relates to technological knowledge allowing firms to become more capital intensive, rather than knowledge that improves the efficiency of utilising existing inputs. |
| Keywords: | productivity; labour mobility; human capital; knowledge diffusion |
| JEL: | D24 J24 J62 O33 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nzt:nztwps:22/01&r= |
| By: | Audinga Baltrunaite (Bank of Italy); Sara Formai (Bank of Italy); Andrea Linarello (Bank of Italy); Sauro Mocetti (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | We explore the role of ownership, governance and management characteristics as potential drivers of the performance gaps between firms located in the Centre and North and in the South of Italy. First, we document that southern firms are characterized by more frequent family ownership and a higher fraction of local and family directors on the board. Moreover, entrepreneurs and managers of southern firms have lower education levels and are less inclined to adopt structured managerial practices and advanced technology. Second, we examine to what extent these differences account for the performance gap between the two areas. We find that managers’ human capital explains one tenth of the difference in firm size, while family ownership accounts for one tenth of the differences in productivity. Although the analysis is purely descriptive, our findings suggest that ownership, governance and management play a significant role in explaining firm performance and account for a non-negligible fraction of the North-South divide. |
| Keywords: | ownership, family firms, corporate governance, managerial practices, human capital, firm size, productivity, technology |
| JEL: | G30 L20 M10 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_678_22&r= |
| By: | Joachim Wagner (Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses firm level data from the Flash Eurobarometer 421 survey conducted in June 2015 in 34 European countries to investigate the link between having a website and international firm activities in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). We find that firms which are present in the web do more often export, import, engage in research and development cooperation with international partners, work as subcontractors for firms from other countries, use firms in other countries as subcontractors, and perform foreign direct investments – both inside and outside the European Union. The estimated website premia are statistically highly significant after controlling for firm size, country, and sector of economic activity. Furthermore, the size of these premia can be considered to be large. Internationally active firms tend to have a website. |
| Keywords: | Website premia, international firm activities, Flash Eurobarometer 421 |
| JEL: | D22 F14 F23 L25 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lue:wpaper:410&r= |
| By: | Post, Carina |
| Abstract: | Scientific reflections of sports clubs are confronted with the problem of finding an appropriate approach to reflect the diversity of sports-related organizations. The purpose of this study is to observe the performance of sports clubs by considering the problems that occur. In order to capture the organizations in a model, the organizational capacity framework is presented. Since previous scientific studies have not resulted in standardized variables, a specific selection of relevant aspects is required. The framework captures the interdependent influence of human, financial, process and infrastructural, network and relationship as well as planning and development resources within the organization. The potential usefulness of the application of the framework is tested on sports clubs in the Rhineland (n = 1,000). The results of the multiple regression show that the organizational capacity framework is suitable to be applied on sports clubs, but requires further research to obtain more meaningful statements. Regarding organizational problems, it is indicated that board members, sufficient finances, strategic planning, and availability and accessibility of facilities are most important to reduce problems. Practical implications are addressed to both sports clubs and umbrella organizations. |
| Keywords: | Organizational Capacity,Resources,Sports Clubs,Organizational Problems,Performance,Ressourcen,Sportvereine,Organisatorische Probleme |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:eiswps:36&r= |
| By: | Kruse, Mirko; Wedemeier, Jan |
| Abstract: | There is currently a massive methodological gap in the spatial analysis of the Circular Economy (CE) performance in general and in Germany particularly. The authors present a methodology to assess this performance in German regions. The methodology consists of 26 indicators in seven dimensions, namely Policy, Innovation, Circular Employment, Consumption and Production, Waste Management, Socio-economic Development, Municipal Sustainability. Data was obtained from different sources and focuses on the base year 2018. The analysis reveals that Germany does not show a clear core-periphery pattern when it comes to regional CE performance. Instead, the pattern is more differentiated with both urban and rural regions of different sizes being able to rank high in CE performance. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy,Germany,Regional Assessment,Sustainability,NUTS3 |
| JEL: | O18 P48 R1 R11 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwirp:199&r= |