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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Aldieri, Luigi (University of Salerno); Grafström, Jonas (The Ratio Institute); Paolo Vinci, Concetto (University of Salerno) |
| Abstract: | The empirical evidence concerning the job-creation impact of wind power technology through knowledge spillovers is yet poor. Our objective is to contribute to the literature and bridge this gap. Specifically, our analysis explores to what extent investments in innovation activities of one firm affect the neighbouring firms’ generation of knowledge spillovers in the same sector (intra-industry) or to different sectors (inter-industry) and how this complex knowledge diffusion process impacts the employment dynamics. The econometric analysis relies on a sector-based panel dataset for the USA, Europe, and Japan between 2002 and 2017. The empirical findings suggest that there were negative employment spillovers from the same technology sector (Marshallian externalities) while the spillovers from more diversified activity (Jacobian externalities) have a positive impact on job-creation. The findings have relevant policy implications for governments who are developing an industrial strategy for wind power technology. |
| Keywords: | Employment; knowledge spillovers; patents; renewable energy; wind power |
| JEL: | J21 O33 Q20 Q40 Q42 |
| Date: | 2020–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0340&r=all |
| By: | Scandura, Alessandra; Bolzani, Daniela (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the importance of the network of collaborations with other firms, research institutions, and business associations as key drivers of innovation, providing a comparison between immigrant-owned firms and non-immigrant-owned firms. We hypothesise that the network of collaboration is more important for innovative activities of immigrant entrepreneurs than for natives, due to their migrant condition, and that immigrant entrepreneurs’ acculturation to the host country culture moderates the influence of such network. We test our hypotheses on a unique matched-pair sample of immigrant and native domestic entrepreneurs active in high-tech mainstream (non-ethnic) markets. Our results show that universities and research institutions along with business associations are more important for immigrant-owned companies; we further show that immigrant entrepreneurs’ acculturation to the host country culture acts as a substitute for interactions with business associations. These findings are highly relevant for the academic and policy discourses on the link between immigrant entrepreneurship and innovation in developed countries. |
| Date: | 2020–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:202021&r=all |
| By: | Ruben Fotso (Univ Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, GATE UMR 5824, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France) |
| Abstract: | When it comes to evaluating the causal effect of public policies on corporate performance, most studies tend toexclusively focus on targeted (treated) firms as if they have no relationship to the rest of the economy. Yet, public policies are highly likely to indirectly influence non-targeted firms due to the relationships they have with the targeted firms. This paper aims to fill this gap by evaluating the indirect causal effect of a new French science-industry transfer policy on the financial and employment variables of non-targeted companies. To do so, it focuses on French Technological Research Institutes (TRIs) which are science-industry collaborations based on technological platforms that bring together SMEs, large companies, universities and public research bodies with the goal of accelerating the transfer of knowledge towards firms and generating spillovers inside and outside the scheme. Based on geographical economics literature, it can be assumed that indirect effects tend to be spatially concentrated. By comparing a local untreated company to a non-local untreated company, therefore, using a difference-in-differences method applied to panel data (2008-2016) and combined with a double matching at the department level (NUTS 3) and at the firm level, it can be seen that non-beneficiary companies, located in the treated French department significantly improve their financial performance (turnover, financial autonomy) compared to control companies located in the control departments. The dynamics of employment variables are a little more complex. A negative significant effect is observed on the proportion of managers at the beginning of treatment and a positive significant effect is noticed later at the end of the period of observation. Analysis of the dynamics of the effects indicates that performance does not improve immediately after the treatment but later in time. |
| Keywords: | Indirect effect, impact evaluation, difference-in-differences approach, SMEs, spillovers |
| JEL: | C21 C53 D04 H23 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:2031&r=all |
| By: | Francesco Aiello (Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF, Università della Calabria); Paola Cardamone (Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF, Università della Calabria); Lidia Mannarino (Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF, Università della Calabria); Valeria Pupo (Dipartimento di Economia, Statistica e Finanza "Giovanni Anania" - DESF, Università della Calabria) |
| Abstract: | Using a large sample of Italian small–medium-sized firms, this note analyses the effects of formal inter-firm cooperation on the performance of family firms (FFs). The study is based on the network contract (“Contratto di rete”) implemented in Italy in 2009. The results show that networks have a positive effect on FFs, while no conclusive evidence is found for non-family firms. Additionally, the advantages for southern FFs and for small firms are considerable. |
| Keywords: | family firms, formal business networks, performance |
| JEL: | G34 L24 L25 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:clb:wpaper:202007&r=all |
| By: | Schubert, Torben (Fraunhofer ISI, and Circle, Lund University); Jäger, Angela (Fraunhofer ISI); Türkeli, Serdar (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University); Visentin, Fabiana (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops the plan for the econometric estimations concerning the relationship between firm productivity and the specifics of the innovation process. The paper consists of three main parts. In the first, we review the relevant literature related to the productivity paradox and its causes. Specific attention will be paid to broad economic trends, in particular the higher importance of intangibles, the increasing importance of knowledge spillovers and servitisation as drivers of the slowdown in productivity growth. In the second part, we introduce a plan for the econometric estimation strategy. Here we propose an extended Crépon-Duguet-Mairesse type of model (CDM), which enriches the original specification by the three influence factors of intangibles, spillovers, and servitisation. This will allow testing the influence of these three factors on productivity at the level of the firm within a unified framework. In the third part, we build on the literature review in order to provide a detailed plan for the data collection procedure including a description of the variables to be collected and the source from which the variables are coming. It should be noted that we will rely partly on structured data (e.g. ORBIS), while many others variables will need to be generated from unstructured sources, in particular the webpages of firms. The use of unstructured data is a particular strength of our proposed data collection procedure because the use of such data is expected to offer novel insights. However, it implies additional risks in terms of data quality or missing data. Our data collection plan explores the maximum potential of variables that will ideally be made available for later econometric treatment. Whether indeed all variables will have sufficient quality to be used in the econometric estimations will be subject to the outcomes of the actual collection efforts. |
| Keywords: | Productivity, Intangibles, Servitisation, Innovation, R&D, Open Innovation, IPR, Knowledge diffusion, Economic growth, Productivity Paradox, Big data, Large data sets, data collection |
| JEL: | C55 C80 D24 E22 L80 O31 O32 O34 O40 O47 |
| Date: | 2020–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2020050&r=all |
| By: | Maurizio Iacopetta (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques); Raoul Minetti (Michigan State University); Pierluigi Murro |
| Abstract: | New firms are often based on ideas that the founders developed while working for incumbent firms. We study the macroeconomic effects of spinoffs through a growth model of product variety expansion, driven by firm entry, and product innovation. Spinoffs stem from conflicts of interest between incumbent firms' shareholders and employees. The analysis suggests that incumbents invest more in product innovation when knowledge protection is stronger. An inverted-U shape relationship emerges, however, between the intensity of spinoff activities and the strength of the rule of law. A calibration experiment indicates that, with a good rule of law, loosening knowledge protection by 53 reduces product innovation by one fifth in the short run and one seventh in the long run, but boosts the spinoff rate by one tenth and one sixth in the short and long run, respectively. Nevertheless, per capita income growth drops and welfare deteriorates. The trade-offs are broadly consistent with evidence from Italian firms. |
| Keywords: | Corporate governance; Endogenous growth; Spinoffs |
| JEL: | E44 O40 G30 |
| Date: | 2020–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2c47q6gpge8vrbqjak551kmu6c&r=all |
| By: | Gianluca Pallante; Emanuele Russo; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | US military Research and Development (R&D) expenditures arguably represent the best example of mission-oriented policy. They are sizeable, with a clear-cut public purpose (national defense) and with the government being their exclusive beneficiary. Exploiting a longitudinal dataset linking public R&D obligations to private R&D expenditures for US states, we investigate the impact of defense R&D on privately-financed R&D. To address potential endogeneity in the allocation of funds, we use an instrumental variable identification strategy leveraging the differential exposure of US states to national shocks in federal military R&D. We document considerable "crowding-in" effects with elasticities in the 0.11-0.14 range. These positive effects extend also to the labor market, when focusing on employment in selected R&D intensive industries and especially for engineers. |
| Keywords: | R&D; Innovation policy; Defense; Mission-oriented innovation. |
| Date: | 2020–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2020/32&r=all |
| By: | Muhammad, Akbar; Shahzad, Hussain; Tanveer, Ahmad; Shoib, Hassan |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research is to analyze the association between corporate governance and firm performance. Specifically, it examines the impact of CEO duality on board characteristics and its relationship with firm performance through dynamic penal estimation. Findings of this research are based on a sample of 230 listed non-financial firms over the period 2004-2014. We document that the corporate governance plays a pivotal role in determining the financial performance of firms operating in Pakistan. Consistent with past studies, findings of this research also show some statistical variations among the sampled firms (large and small size). The CEO duality compromises the efficiency of board independence. Further, the non-linear relationship of managerial ownership with performance is also depicted through the results of this study. |
| Date: | 2020–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:akf:cafewp:6&r=all |
| By: | Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Anambra state, Nigeria); Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Anambra state, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This study presents an economic investigation of the entrepreneurship practise of the Igbos of South-Eastern Nigeria. It is intended to deepen entrepreneurial development and employment generation in the country. This study also provides empirical support to situate the Igbo entrepreneurship model (IEM) among existing entrepreneurship literature, particularly for research in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts a quantitative approach to examine 1187 responses carefully drawn from the Onitsha and Nnewi business clusters in Anambra state. In addition to descriptive demonstrations, the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique is employed to estimate the effects of treatment on the treated by pairing treatment and control units with similar attributes on the propensity score and other likely covariates. Specifically, the PSM is used to perform a counterfactual analysis of the effect of the entrepreneurship model on business outcomes by examining participants and non-participants in the IEM. Findings – The key findings of the study indicate that entrepreneurs who participated in the IEM have higher business survival rate, business growth rate and access to trade and informal credit, while non-IEM entrepreneurs have better access to formal credit source than the IEM graduates. Research Limitations/Implications – Generalisation of results can be limited since the study is based on responses of samples drawn from two clusters (Onitsha and Nnewi) in Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. The clusters, though situated in Igbo land, are not the only Igbo business locations in the South-East region and the rest of the country. However, with the larger number of the respondents and synchronisation with existing literature in this subject area guarantee the robustness and applicability of the study findings. Originality/value – The novelty of this study rests on its pioneering attempt to empirically examine how the IEM can drive entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. We also distil lessons for evidenced-based replication of the model to provide a sustainable employment channel for the country. The study posits, among other things, that the IEM can be a veritable approach for enterprise development and youth employment in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Igbo Entrepreneurship Model, Business outcomes, Clusters, Nigeria |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:20/085&r=all |
| By: | Krieger, Bastian (ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research); Pellens, Maikel (Ghent University); Blind, Knut (Fraunhofer Institute for System and Innovation Research ISI); Schubert, Torben (CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research) |
| Abstract: | Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our results do not confirm a declining trend in raw numbers with numbers indicating that firms’ aggregate volume of scientific publications stayed constant between 2008 and 2016. However, the number of publishing firms declined, in particular in high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries. Beyond that, we observe positive trends in publishing in basic research journals compared to journals focused on applied research, and publishing in collaboration with academic partners compared to publishing alone. Thus, our results paint an ambiguous picture. While they do not confirm a decrease in firms’ basic research engagement in the aggregate, the figures document a concentration of publishing activities on fewer firms. We argue that this concentration of basic research activities in firms may pose a threat to the longer term innovativeness of the German economy. |
| Keywords: | Corporate publishing; Basic research; R&D strategy |
| JEL: | O32 O33 O34 O36 |
| Date: | 2020–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2020_013&r=all |