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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2020‒01‒20
eleven papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Renai Jiang (School of Economics and Finance, Xian Jiaotong University); Daniel Tortorice (Department of Economics, College of the Holy Cross); Zhaohui Xuan (Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development) |
| Abstract: | We use a novel, fifteen-year panel dataset on China’s system of research institutes to examine the determinates of knowledge production, the role external factors play in increasing research productivity, and the extent to which distance mitigates these spillovers. We find robust evidence that knowledge inputs like R&D personnel increase patenting and publication. External R&D spending in the institute’s province and the institute’s industry knowledge stock spill over into increased knowledge production. We find that being located on average farther from institutes engaged in similar research reduces the impact of these spillovers. These results have important policy implications as China attempts to increase economic activity away from the coast and aims to improve the productivity of its research institute sector. |
| Keywords: | China, R&D, Research Policy, Knowledge Spillovers |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 L2 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hcx:wpaper:1910&r=all |
| By: | Duho, King Carl Tornam; Onumah, Joseph Mensah |
| Abstract: | The objective of the study is to examine the variables that determine intellectual capital performance (ICP) of Ghanaian banks. The study applies the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) model to estimate the ICP of banks, the data envelopment analysis technique to compute the technical efficiency (TE), and cost efficiency (CE) scores while ratio analysis is used to proxy the other variables. The study used an unbalanced panel data of 29 banks over the period 2000-2014 and the panel corrected standard error (PCSE) regression model is used so as to account for heteroscedasticity. Generally, the significant determinants of ICP are research and development investment (R&D), the efficiency of investment in human capital (HCInv), leverage, operational risk, insolvency risk (IR), diversification and return on asset (ROA). R&D, IR and ROA have a significant positive impact on ICP. HCInv and leverage have a significant negative effect on ICP. Diversification significantly enhances ICP but barriers to entry lower ICP. Size and TE negatively affect ICP while CE weakly but positively determines ICP. Bank of Ghana's policy to increase the minimum capital requirement is a good one and will reap the benefit of having a stable, stronger and resilient banking industry which strive for value creation. Banks should consider diversifying their operations so as to increase value. This can easily be done well if R&D is at the core of their operations. Bank managers should factor pricing decisions (strategies) in their attempt to increase value added. |
| Date: | 2018–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:d8cwz&r=all |
| By: | Brixiová, Zuzana; Kangoye, Thierry |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the role of networks in the access of female entrepreneurs to start-up capital and firm performance in Eswatini, a country with one of the highest female unemployment rates in Africa. The paper first shows that higher initial capital is associated with better sales performance for both men and women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs start their firms with smaller start-up capital than men and are more likely to fund it from their own sources, which reduces the size of their firm and sales level. However, women with higher education start their firms with more capital than their less educated counterparts. Moreover, women who receive support from professional networks have higher initial capital, while those trained in financial literacy more often access external funding sources, including through their networks. |
| Keywords: | networks,start-up capital,women’s entrepreneurship,multivariate analysis,Africa |
| JEL: | L53 O12 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:431&r=all |
| By: | Lenka Wildnerova; Hansjörg Blöchliger |
| Abstract: | Productivity in Russia has fallen steadily over the past 15 years. This paper explores micro-level data to understand the contribution of individual firms to aggregate productivity. Overall, firm-level data corroborate the decline in aggregate productivity and a widening productivity gap against several European countries. They also show that the gap between “the best” and “the rest” has widened in Russia, similar to other countries. Russian markets are quite concentrated, i.e. dominated by few large firms. Larger firms tend to be more productive, but firms at the productivity frontier have become smaller and younger over time, suggesting that more support for young and innovative firms could help raise productivity. Foreign ownership is associated with higher productivity, and there is evidence that foreign firms generate positive productivity spillovers for domestic firms. Service firms belong to the most productive, yet the service sector remains underdeveloped. Mining is also very productive but less than in other countries. Differences in productivity across regions are large, even controlling for many other determinants, suggesting a lack of capital and labour mobility and knowledge transfer across regional borders. |
| Keywords: | entry and exit of firms, firm-level productivity, foreign ownership, industrial organisation, privatisation, productivity gap, regional productivity differences, Russian economy |
| JEL: | D24 L16 O43 |
| Date: | 2019–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1592-en&r=all |
| By: | Bleeker, Amelia |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the role that information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge management (KM) are playing in supporting sustainable development across islands in these countries. Focusing on the areas of health, education and governance, the study uses the multi-island countries of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands as case studies to explore inter-island differences in ICT and KM capacity and the scope for strengthening this capacity. It concludes with a series of recommendations for governments of Caribbean multi-island countries working to strengthen ICT and KM capacity across islands as well as areas for further analysis and investigation. |
| Keywords: | GESTION DEL CONOCIMIENTO, TECNOLOGIA DE LA INFORMACION, TECNOLOGIA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES, PAISES INSULARES EN DESARROLLO, POLITICA DE DESARROLLO, ESTRATEGIAS DEL DESARROLLO, DESARROLLO DE CAPACIDAD, POBLACION, GOBERNABILIDAD, SALUD, EDUCACION, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, GOBIERNO ELECTRONICO, OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPING ISLAND COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION, GOVERNANCE, HEALTH, EDUCATION, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, E-GOVERNMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS |
| Date: | 2020–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:45064&r=all |
| By: | Bruno Van Pottelsberghe |
| Abstract: | This introductory chapter summarizes 20 years of research activities, which started at Universit´e libre de Bruxelles (ULB) with a four-year scholarship in 1992. These years are tainted by a focus on empirical research, by intensive local and international collaborations, and by a series of fieldexperiences which became key sources of inspiration and gradually improved the contextualization of the research projects I was involved with. The broad research contributions I have been involved with are twofold: I started with the effectiveness of science and technology policies, and then focused on the effectiveness of patent systems. Effectiveness has two meanings. The first one is related to the systematic search for improvement, the constant questioning of status quo, of existing policies, with the identification of their strengths and weaknesses. The second meaning of effectiveness is related to the improvement of data and metrics needed to properly analyze policy tools, and the search for more appropriate indicators. The papers presented in this book all aim at improving metrics and using new data and indicators in order to contribute to improve our knowledge on whether and how policy tools work. The effectiveness of science and technology policies is assessed through their impact on research and development (R&D) efforts and on growthprospects. We have investigated to what extent and under which circumstances R&D subsidies and R&D tax credits stimulate private R&D and contribute to productivity growth. The effectiveness of patent systems is assessed through the lenses of their costs, their operational design, theirtransparency and the stringency of the examination processes. The outcome of these 20 years of research includes about 60 publications in international peer reviewed scientific journals and one co-authored book published by Oxford University Press. Each of these publications was a small challenge, at least the way I perceived it. We had to reach a final version, present it at conferences, submit it for publication, cope with sometimes tough referees, dive again into the paper more than a year later and implement the required changes, and re-submit it with a polite letter to the referees and the editor. The main common denominator I would chose to summarize my research experience is ‘mobility’, defined in its broadest sense: mobility or flexibility with respect to career expectations, with respect to internationalization, with respect to institutional experience, and with respect to collaborations. The sources of inspiration of most papers were nearly systematically drawn from my professional experience. For instance, the priority issues that had to be tackled by the Research Institute of the Ministry of External Trade and Industry (METI) when I was visiting researcher, the benchmarking exercises requested by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) task forces when I was full-time consultant in Paris, and several debates which took place at the board of the European Patent Office when I was its Chief Economist had a direct influence on the research projects I later worked on. |
| Keywords: | learning, research, innovation Economics |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ict:wpaper:2013/299526&r=all |
| By: | Dewi, Ratna; Mahmud, Amir; Jamali, Hisnol |
| Abstract: | This research aim to test and analyze the impact of internal factor analysis summary (IFAS) and competing power on performance in the life insurance industry in Makassar (Indonesia): The mediating role of competitive advantage. This study uses 60 employees of insurance companies at the manager level. Path analysis results provide evidence that the internal factor analysis summary (IFAS) and competitiveness significantly influence the competitive advantage and performance in the life insurance industry. The role of competitive advantage proved able to mediate the effect of internal factor analysis summary (IFAS) in improving the performance in the life insurance industry. The different conditions with competitive advantages that cannot increase the competing power against performance in the life insurance industry |
| Date: | 2018–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6ngxe&r=all |
| By: | Raul Caruso (European Center of Peace Science, Integration and Cooperation CESPIC; Catholic University 'Our Lady of Good Counsel'); Antonella Biscione (European Center of Peace Science, Integration and Cooperation CESPIC; Catholic University 'Our Lady of Good Counsel'); Annunziata de Felice (Department of Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the demand-pull, technology-push and regulation factors influencing the environmental innovation strategies. We focus on a subset of manufacturing firms of a group of European Transition Countries. The data available to investigate the driving factors that lead to eco-innovate are taken from the Community Innovation Survey data (CIS 2014). The data is a cross-section covering the three-year period between 2012 and 2014. We employ a multivariate probit model to observe the effect of several drivers on eco-innovation, captured by means of different measures. Empirical findings highlight that: (i) some drivers are common to some types of eco-innovation; (ii) regulation does have a positive impact on all drivers. The latter provides a clear-cut implication for policy-making. Broadly speaking, in transition economies public policies and invectives appear to trigger environmental innovation much more than demand-pull factors. |
| Keywords: | environmental innovation, European Transition countries, demand-pull, technology-push, regulation |
| JEL: | Q55 Q58 L6 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pea:wpaper:1005&r=all |
| By: | Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Idris, Iswandi; Sari, Ruri Aditya |
| Abstract: | One of the efforts that should be conducted by a businessman to compete in the global world is that understanding the situation and mastering market strategy. This study aimed to determine and analyze competitive strategies and improve competitive qualities contained based on SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This study conducted qualitative descriptive research. The data was obtained from observation, interview, and library study. The data were analysed based on IFAS matrix, EFAS matrix, SWOT diagram and SWOT Matrix. The results of this study indicate that durian pancake medium enterprise of SALINARY used product strategy and good service strategy to the customer. Business strategy was good enough but still need to do evaluation in more strategy to develop Durian pancake business. Based on SWOT Analysis, to improve the Quality of durian Pancake Business it was necessary to apply aggressive strategy or SO strategy. Therefore, Durian Pancake Enterprises could empower the opportunities to exist. |
| Date: | 2018–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8r9vs&r=all |
| By: | Fischer, Caroline |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the construct of knowledge sharing motivation (KSM) and develops a scale to measure knowledge sharing motives. Following the Rubicon model (Heckhausen 1989) the author suggests that KSM and knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) are different stages in the process of human behavior which alternate and affect each other but are by no means identical. Hence, knowledge sharing motivation cannot be measured by knowledge sharing behavior, which is done in the literature up to now. According to theories of human needs and motives, several dimensions of knowledge sharing motivation are suggested. Furthermore, qualitative data and peer review were used to generate items. The constructed scale of KSM is tested with survey data of 355 German public employees from 2017. An exploratory factor analysis indicates a clear separation of knowledge sharing motivation and behavior. The analysis indicates three dimensions of KSM, namely appreciation, growth and altruism, and extrinsic rewards. A confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling confirms the results. The developed construct of KSM shows an acceptable model fit. Hence, the scale can be used as a basis for further research on knowledge sharing. Practitioners might use the developed scale to assess knowledge sharing motivation of employees in their organization as a basis for the design of management practices that foster knowledge sharing. |
| Date: | 2018–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r5xba&r=all |
| By: | Nilsson Hakkala, Katariina |
| Abstract: | Abstract China’s export competition has decreased the total export value of Finnish firms’ products, primarily through price cuts. Firm-level analysis shows that the export competition with China leads to substantial price cuts to retain market shares, especially for homogeneous products. Price cuts to maintain market shares as competition intensifies do not seem to be as relevant for differentiated (heterogeneous) products. On the other hand, firms respond to the increased level of Chinese export competition by dropping their marginal product exports. The study highlights the importance of export competition with China for developed countries, as China’s production climbs higher on the value chain ladder. It is important that policy measures will focus on supporting the growth of production and export of specified products. The continuing support of R&D investments in both companies and in public sector is one of the most important policy actions that will generate new competitive high-skill export products. |
| Keywords: | Trade flows, Export competition, Firm-level, Product mix, China |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F61 L25 |
| Date: | 2020–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:83&r=all |