|
on Economics of Strategic Management |
|
Issue of 2019‒12‒09
eight papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | HANEDA Shoko; IKEDA Yuya |
| Abstract: | This empirical study examines the impact of a staged approach to management of innovation projects. This approach incorporates the threat of termination at each stage of the product development process. Under these conditions, the present study identifies firms that have abandoned and/or still have ongoing projects using a unique firm-level dataset constructed from the 2015 Japanese National Innovation Survey (J-NIS2015). Combining J-NIS with a firm-level accounting and credit information dataset, the study explores the determinants and the effects of staging of innovation processes. The study results show that R&D-intensive firms with broad collaboration and a lower debt ratio are more likely to adopt a staged approach in the product development process. Success in innovation is measured by the propensity of a firm to produce innovative products (or processes) and the ratio of innovative product sales to the total sales. Additionally, the study compared firms that did not implement staging of projects to those that employed staged project management and found that staging significantly improved innovation performance and increased the degree of radicalness. |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:19094&r=all |
| By: | Margit Molnar; Hui Xu |
| Abstract: | China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity, however, did not lead to strong productivity growth. The delinking of patenting activity from productivity growth could be explained by quality and relevance issues. Although the number of patents has been soaring, few are genuine inventions. Relatively low utilisation rates of patents point to a low degree of relevance. This paper uses a representative survey of Chinese patenting firms to provide a detailed picture of the patenting landscape along the dimensions of geographical areas, detailed industrial sectors, traditional and modern industries as defined by the Chinese government, firm age, size and ownership. It also overviews government subsidies across firms. Transport equipment makers hold most patents per firm, followed by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than private or foreign-invested firms. High patenting performance and government support are not necessarily linked to high utilisation of patents. Smaller, younger and private firms expect a higher return on their patents and so do exterior design patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher share of researchers in its workforce tend to be associated with higher patents per employee. Smaller and older firms tend to patent more, and government support also appears to matter. Exterior design patents are associated with different firm characteristics: R&D intensity is lower and government support matters less. Most firms consider IPR protection insufficient and the share of firms having experienced patent infringement is the greatest among the largest firms. Many of them do not do anything once their rights are infringed as they do not expect effective remedy. Instead of patenting, which may not provide sufficient protection from imitators, they adopt other strategies like reaping the first mover advantage to market their goods or sign confidentiality agreements with their staff or contracts on commercial secrets. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 Economic Survey of China (http://www.oecd.org/economy/china-econo mic-snapshot/). |
| Keywords: | Chinese patenting, firm-level analysis, government subsidies, invention patents, IPR |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2019–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1583-en&r=all |
| By: | F Baum, Christopher (Boston College, DIW Berlin & Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies); Lööf, Hans (Royal Institute of Technology & Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies); Stephan, Andreas (Jönköping University, DIW Berlin & Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies); Viklund-Ros, Ingrid (Royal Institute of Technology & Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of knowledge spillovers on innovation in newly founded firms. Analyzing patent statistics for 12 cohorts of about 7,600 Swedish startups, we apply a recursive bivariate probit model to identify a causal impact from board members of existing innovators on potential new innovators. The results show that new entrants with members of the board linked to innovative firms are more likely to apply for patents than other young entrepreneurial firms. The spillover effect is even stronger when we substitute trademarks for patents as an innovation indicator. |
| Keywords: | start-ups; board of directors; knowledge diffusion; innovation; endogeneity |
| JEL: | C36 D24 L21 M13 O33 |
| Date: | 2019–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0483&r=all |
| By: | Christopher F. Baum (Boston College; DIW Berlin; CESIS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Hans Lööf (CESIS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Andreas Stephan (Jönköping International Business School; DIW Berlin); Ingrid Viklund-Ros (CESIS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of knowledge spillovers on innovation in newly founded firms. Analyzing patent statistics for 12 cohorts of about 7,600 Swedish startups, we apply a recursive bivariate probit model to identify a causal impact from board members of existing innovators on potential new innovators. The results show that new entrants with members of the board linked to innovative firms are more likely to apply for patents than other young entrepreneurial firms. The spillover effect is even stronger when we substitute trademarks for patents as an innovation indicator. |
| Keywords: | start-ups, board of directors, knowledge diffusion, innovation, endogeneity |
| JEL: | C36 D24 M13 L21 O33 |
| Date: | 2019–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:988&r=all |
| By: | Sulaeman, dkk, Maman (Politeknik Triguna Tasikmalaya) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the improvement of marketing performance through entrepreneurship training, market research, and product innovation at UMKM in East Priangan West Java Province. The research method used is survey method. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires and literature study. The population in this study is MSMEs in East Java West Java. Determination of sample using random counted 75 samples and data analysis used was path analysis. The results found that partially entrepreneurial training, market research and product innovation were able to improve marketing performance. Simultaneously entrepreneurship training, market research and product innovation can improve the performance of UMKM marketing in east of West Java province. |
| Date: | 2018–04–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:vd7mb&r=all |
| By: | NAKAMURA Hiroki; HONJO Yuji; IKEUCHI Kenta |
| Abstract: | Certain individuals with experience in entrepreneurial activity tend to become angel investors as they understand the challenges encountered by founders in obtaining the funding needed to launch a business. The purpose of this study is to provide a clearer picture of the characteristics and linkages not only between actual entrepreneurs and angel investors, but also among actual and potential entrepreneurs and angel investors in Japan. This paper is based on the results of an internet survey of Japan conducted by RIETI which examined whether individuals have experience in starting a business and angel investing, as well as whether they are interested in starting a business or angel investing. The individuals are categorized into types of entrepreneurs and angel investors. According to the analysis, the number of entrepreneurs and angel investors is quite small across Japan, however we have established that there is a positive relationship in particular regions of Japan between potential entrepreneurs, angel investors, and potential angel investors. These findings can help vitalize entrepreneurial ecosystems where entrepreneurs are linked with angel investors. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:19089&r=all |
| By: | Vaidianu, Natasa; Ristea, Madalina |
| Abstract: | During the last decades, increasing demands on marine resources and unsustainable activities taking place in the marine area compromise the future use of the marine environment. In July 2014, the European Parliament and Council established a Guideline Framework for marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP). MSP is a useful and cost-effective tool for sustainable development, together with regulation and protection of the marine environment. Within this context, Romania has started to proceed and incorporate it in the national legislation framework; in 2017, it has also established a competent authority for its implementation so that marine spatial plans can be enacted by 31 March 2021. In this study, a first approach for MSP framework in Romania was developed, enabling the mapping of all current human activities related to shipping, oil and gas exploitation, fisheries, tourism and environmental status, in order to identify overlaps or potential conflicts among users. This paper identifies key challenges and concerns anticipated to emerge from incorporation of MSP in the national spatial planning framework as it is currently organized: a) Romanian stakeholders have a relatively poor understanding of European, national and regional sea planning regulations, b) concerns related to MSP implementation at regulatory level, c) huge need for sharing of MSP-relevant information for a coherent planning, d) challenges of assessing the needs of interconnected ecosystems (including relevant EU and international legislation). In this context, our study covers highly actual aspects concerning the way the marine spatial planning process evolves and will contribute to deliver a coherent approach to reduce conflicts of the Romanian marine environment, a proper MSP implementation, as well as minimizing the pressures and impacts on the marine resources. |
| Date: | 2018–04–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:marxiv:528ym&r=all |
| By: | Marwick, Ben |
| Abstract: | The Hoabinhian is a distinctive Pleistocene stone artefact technology of mainland and island Southeast Asia. Its relationships to key patterns of technological change both at a global scale and in adjacent regions such as East Asia, South Asia and Australia are currently poorly understood. These key patterns are important indicators of evolutionary and demographic change in human prehistory so our understanding of the Hoabinhian may be substantially enhanced by examining these relationships. In this paper I present new evidence of ancient Hoabinhian technology from Northwest Thailand and examine connections between Hoabinhian technology and the innovation of other important Pleistocene technological processes such as radial core geometry. I present some claims about the evolutionary significance of the Hoabinhian and recommend future research priorities. |
| Date: | 2018–01–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9pt8g&r=all |