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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); Sarala, Riikka (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Management) |
| Abstract: | University entrepreneurship ecosystems are increasingly important in facilitating innovation and entrepreneurial opportunities in today’s knowledge-based economies. However, we have an incomplete understanding of the role of the entrepreneurial firm as the key user of university knowledge. We propose that use of university knowledge positively influences entrepreneurial firm performance and that the entrepreneurial firm’s resource and capabilities facilitate its ability to create value from university knowledge. We test our hypotheses with survey data on knowledge intensive entrepreneurial firms from 10 European countries. Our study contributes to an increased understanding of the economic, societal, and technological contributions of universities by illustrating empirically the role of entrepreneurial firm’s resources and capabilities as moderators of value in university ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; strategic behavior; university-based knowledge; European Union; |
| JEL: | L26 O31 |
| Date: | 2019–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2019_001&r=all |
| By: | Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); van Hasselt, Martijn (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The relevant economics literature on the impact of R&D on patenting activity falls within two methodological areas of inquiry. The first area might be classified as a test of the Schumpeterian hypothesis. The second and lesser research area might be classified as an estimation of the knowledge production function relationship between R&D and patenting. This paper focuses on estimates of the R&D-to-patenting relationship for a random sample of small, entrepreneurial firms whose research projects were supported through the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. Our paper contributes to the R&D-to-patenting literature in two ways. It examines empirically a unique set of small, entrepreneurial firms funded by the public sector, and it explores the effect of the gender and ethnicity of firm owners on the propensity of their firms to patent from funded research projects. |
| Keywords: | Patenting; R&D; Entrepreneurship; Gender; Minorities; |
| JEL: | J15 J16 L26 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2019–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2019_002&r=all |
| By: | Judith Rumin (LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 - ULR - Université de La Rochelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Joana Martins (CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto); Jose Cruz (CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto); Vitor Vasconcelos (CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto); Claudio Fuentes Grünewald (Swansea University); Kevin J. Flynn (Swansea University); Alejandra Sabin (UDC - University of A Coruña); Maria Paredes (UDC - University of A Coruña); Enma Conde (GLECEX); Jose Vilarino (GLECEX); Martina Ferreira (ANFACO-CECOPESCA); Federica Farabegoli (ANFACO-CECOPESCA); Paula Fajardo (ANFACO-CECOPESCA); Maria-José Chapela (ANFACO-CECOPESCA); Laurent Picot (LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 - ULR - Université de La Rochelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Although microalgae comprise an estimated number of 30,000 to 1,000,000 species, few are grown commercially. This natural resource offers great industrial potential, exploiting its chemical composition or biotechnological potential through growth manipulations. At the same time, this complexity can overwhelm enterprises entering this sector due to the great number of variables affecting economic and environmental viability. The strategic objective of the INTERREG Atlantic Area EnhanceMicroalgae project EAPA_338/2016 (2017-2020) is to create a network of European scientific and industrial partners to stimulate innovation and competitiveness of the European Atlantic Area in high technology sectors related to microalgae (in particular pharma, food and nutraceuticals). The work program includes an in-depth review of the existing Atlantic Area microalgae sector (strengths and weaknesses, level of expertise, industrial development opportunities, regulatory and legal frameworks), innovative research activities and innovation transfer from laboratories/ research platforms to the industrial sector to promote the emergence of new products, services and processes. The EnhanceMicroalgae consortium offers a wide range of skills and interests, with strong track records for research, production and exploitation of microalgae throughout the Atlantic Area. |
| Keywords: | SMEs,INTERREG,Innovation transfer,Phytoplankton,Microalgae,Transnational cooperation,Biotechnology,Market,High-added value industrial opportunities,Innovation and competitiveness |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01956157&r=all |
| By: | Karim Badr (World Bank); Reham Rizk; Chahir Zaki |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to shed light on the nexus between firm productivity and economies of agglomeration in Egypt. Using a large dataset of 62,108 firms in 342 four-digit activities in 27 regions governorates, we introduce three measures of agglomeration, which are urbanization or firm diversification, measured by the number of firms in the governorate, localization and specialization, measured by the average productivity in the governorate and sector (generating externalities and knowledge spillovers), and finally competition, measured by the number of firm operating in the same governorate and the same sector. We find strong evidence for the existence of agglomeration economies in Egypt after controlling for firm age, location, economic activity and legal status. In the Egyptian context, productivity spillovers gained from agglomeration economies outweighed the negative effects of congestion implied by our competition measure. The latter is chiefly due to the lack of good infrastructure. When regressions are run by firm size and activity, our main findings show, first, that micro and small firms are more likely to benefit from localization and diversification compared to medium and large firms. Finally, service firms benefit more from a high level of diversification, while manufacturing firms gain more from knowledge spillovers and specialization. Our results support promoting entrepreneurship through the creation of industrial clusters located outside Cairo to lessen disparities between regions and acquire the full advantages of agglomeration. |
| Date: | 2018–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1239&r=all |
| By: | Martin, Roman (Gothenburg University); Rypestøl , Jan Ole (University of Agder) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the geography of innovation networks and analyses combinatorial knowledge dynamics from a single cluster perspective. Addressing firms in the media cluster in Bergen, Norway, we examine how and from where companies acquire and combine different types of knowledge for their innovation activities. The empirical analysis, which is based on structured interviews with 22 media companies, identifies two main types of cluster firms: media content providers that rely heavily on symbolic knowledge and media technology providers that draw mostly on synthetic knowledge. Even though they draw on different knowledge bases, the two types of firms are strongly interlinked in their innovation activities and source knowledge from each other. Furthermore, we find that synthetic firms constitute a gateway to the regional R&D system and that the region acts as key arena for the combination of dissimilar knowledge bases. |
| Keywords: | innovation networks; knowledge bases; creative industries; new media; Norway |
| JEL: | L82 O14 O30 O31 |
| Date: | 2019–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2019_001&r=all |
| By: | Zalizko, Vasyl; Talavyria, Mykola; Lymar, Valeriia; Baidala, Viktoriia |
| Abstract: | The paper is devoted to bioeconomic security on the European continent in the context of international innovation system creation. The aim of the paper is to study a new direction of bioeconomics - the formation of conditions for strengthening economic security the contextin to define the elements of national innovation system. We define the category "bioeconomic security" and main elements of the national innovation system: synergistic knowledge and innovation creating; shift to innovative advanced technologies; implementation of effective organizational and administrative solutions for creation of agro-biotechnology clusters; promotion of complex resource preservation and transition to renewable energy; implementation of large-scale research. To strengthen economic security of the European countries, it is necessary to organize a comprehensive monitoring of all necessary indicators (using the integrated index) and begin to form bioenergetic clusters. The calculated index bioeconomic security clearly shows that four different countries (Poland, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and the Netherlands) that have individual advantages will be able to create a positive synergetic effect if they join a single bioenergetic cluster. Thus, it can be argued that bioeconomic security on the European continent is possible only if all European innovation systems are integrated into one complex system, which will ensure a high probability of energy independence. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa167:281269&r=all |
| By: | Lee, Kyungyul; Kwon, Youngsun |
| Abstract: | Competitive intensity is a level of competition intensification in a market or an industry. This is expressed in various forms and some paper measured the competitive intensity as the number of products that newly released each year in an industry (Putsis & Bayus, 2001). In other paper, they analyzed the competitive intensity as a market structure such as market concentration (Stavins, 2001) or the number of firms competing in one industry (Giachetti & Dagnino, 2014). Overall, the competitive intensity represents the complex competition within the market. Then how does competitive intensity affects to the company or to the organizational level? In modern times, corporate product innovation takes place rapidly, and the number of products and companies competing in a market is increasing geometrically. Unlike the past, a market that is monopolized by a single or few companies is hard to find except for public goods. In the smartphone market, 11 companies had competed in 2008, but the number of competing companies had risen dramatically, with more than 45 companies competed in 2016. The number of smartphones also rose sharply, with 50 new phones had launched in 2008, but about 545 new smartphones introduced in 2016. Disadvantage of the increase in the competitive intensity for the firm is that it has a major negative impact on the competitive advantage (D'Aveni, 1994). The decline in the competitive advantage of firms due to the rise of these competitive intensities makes them act newly when they enter or compete in the market... |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190406&r=all |
| By: | Ulger, Ozlem; Uçan, Okyay |
| Abstract: | Technological development and investment in knowledge seem to be very important in order for countries to demonstrate effective growth performance. The first concept that comes to mind when investing in information is the R&D activities. In the past, efforts to develop in countries for years can be realized within months nowadays and technological developments have rapidly changed and can be worn out in a short period of time. Therefore, it can be said that the information economy is the speed economy. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between R&D expenditures and GDP in Turkey for the period 1996-2014 with the help of VAR analysis. Before the study, it was determined whether the series were stationary by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Peron (PP) unit root tests and it was determined that the variables of GDP and R&D expenditure were stationary in the level values. According to the results of variance decomposition and effect-response functions; It is seen that the effect of GDP changes in Turkey on R&D expenditures is negligible. However, it is seen that R&D expenditures are significantly affected by the changes in GDP. Ülkelerin etkili bir büyüme performansı gösterebilmesi için teknolojik gelişmenin ve bilgiye yatırım yapılmasının oldukça önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Bilgiye yapılan yatırım denilince de ilk akla gelen kavram Ar-Ge faaliyetleridir. Geçmişte ülkelerde yıllarca devam eden gelişme çabaları günümüzde aylar içinde gerçekleşebilmekte ve teknolojik gelişmeler hızlı bir şekilde değişim göstererek kısa bir süre içinde yıpranabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bilgi ekonomisinin hız ekonomisi olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 1996-2014 dönemi için Ar-Ge harcamaları ve GSYİH arasındaki ilişkiyi VAR analizi yardımıyla araştırmaktır. Çalışmada önce durağanlığın belirlenmesi için Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) ve Phillips-Peron (PP) birim kök testiyle serilerin durağan olup olmadıkları belirlenmiş ve GSYİH ile Ar-Ge harcamaları değişkenlerinin seviye değerlerinde durağan oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Varyans ayrıştırma ve etki-tepki fonksiyonlarına ait sonuçlara göre; Türkiye’de GSYİH değişimlerinin Ar-Ge harcamaları üzerinde etkisinin yok denilebilecek kadar az olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak Ar-Ge harcamalarının GSYİH’daki değişimlerden oldukça etkilendiği görülmektedir |
| Keywords: | R&D Investments, R&D Incentives, Technological Development, Economic Growth, Innovation, AR-GE Yatırımları, AR-GE Teşvikleri, Teknolojik Gelişme, Ekonomik Büyüme, İnovasyon |
| JEL: | L60 |
| Date: | 2018–04–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:91060&r=all |
| By: | Kim, Dokyung; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | This study focused on the environmental sustainability of the mobile communications industry (MCI). Environmental sustainability in MCI can affect not only corporates in the sector but also other industries by providing solutions to cope with environmental issues. Despite the significance of environmental sustainability in MCI, there has been lack of attention from prior researchers. This study investigated the environmental issues in MCI within the integrated and holistic approach to corporate sustainable management (CSM). In addition, the environmental management (EM) of mobile network operators (MNOs) was analyzed into the framework of the institutional theory. To investigate the environmental management (EM) of mobile network operators (MNOs), we carried out a case study on three Korean mobile communications companies (SK Telecom, KT, and LG Uplus). The result of this study showed that, in terms of environmental issues, economic and environmental issues were mostly found in the MCI, and the mobile communications firms have actively coped with the issues. The MNOs' EM was relatively active, and it was confirmed that regulatory, mimetic and normative mechanisms were working simultaneously. The results of this study would provide some meaningful implications for practitioners as well as policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Corporate sustainable management,Environmental sustainability,Environmental management,Environmental issues,Institutional theory,Mobile communications industry,Mobile network operators |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190410&r=all |
| By: | Chang, Seoyon; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | The attention towards Multi-Channel Networks (MCNs) is notable in the media sector. Many firms adopt MCN business to capture the potential value created by new media trend. Consequently, the new investment, merger and acquisition (M&A), and in-house establishment trend is shaking up the media market. However, the short history of MCNs is yet reflected in the academia. Especially, there is limited literature on the industry-level analysis of MCNs. To fill the gap, this research attempts to understand how the firms are participating in the MCN industry across time, sectors, and regions. In other words, the firms' corporate strategies on the MCN adoption are analyzed. This paper classifies the type of strategic decision by Make, Buy, and Ally, then evaluates the influence of three strategic decisions on firm performance. It further investigates whether a first mover advantage exists in the MCN industry. To examine the firm performance, two accounting-based measures are employed: return on asset (ROA) and Tobin's Q. Research results indicate that Make leads better firm performance than Buy and Ally. In addition, the first mover advantage is confirmed in the MCN industry. Besides, some descriptive analyses of the MCN industry are presented in the study. As preliminary research examining the firms' corporate strategy on the adoption of MCN business, this paper provides meaningful implications for both practitioner and academia. |
| Keywords: | Multi-Channel Network (MCN),Corporate strategy,Strategic alliance,Merger and acquisition (M&A),In-house establishment,First mover advantage,Firm performance,Return on assets (ROA),Tobin's Q |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190395&r=all |