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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2019‒01‒07
fifteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Sokolov, D.; Zavyalova, E. |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the moderating role of knowledge management strategies of codification and personalization in "HRM – intellectual capital – firm performance" relationship. A survey data from 209 knowledge-intensive companies from Russia demonstrated that knowledge management strategy significantly alters the relationship between company’s HRM practices, intellectual capital and performance. In particular, we found that the more company is oriented towards codification knowledge management strategy, the stronger the positive HRM-performance relationship and the stronger the mediating effect of intellectual capital. However, analyzing decomposed variables of HRM (ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing and opportunity enhancing) and specific intellectual capital resources (human, social and structural capitals), we found little support to the moderating role of knowledge management strategies in proposed relationships. The paper provides a valuable contribution strategic HRM literature and knowledge-based theory of the firm. |
| Keywords: | human resource management, knowledge management strategies, intellectual capital, HRM practices, knowledge-intensive firms, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15119&r=all |
| By: | Chaminade, Cristina (Lund University); Bellandi, Marco (University of Florence); Plechero, Monica (University of Florence); Santini, Erica (Fondazione per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione) |
| Abstract: | The type of regional innovation system (RIS) strongly affects possibilities of paths of industrial transformation. This paper argues that traditional manufacturing districts, corresponding to specialized RISs and characterised by various nuclei of specialization and know-how, may foster different trajectories in combination with extra-regional networks. In particular, the paper analyses the interplay between regional and national innovation systems, providing an overview of the effect that different multilevel dynamics have on local trajectories. The cases of the textile districts in Prato (Italy) and Borås (Sweden) show SRISs can display not only path extension but also path renewal and creation strategies. |
| Keywords: | path development; regional innovation system; textile; knowledge nuclei; innovation policy; industrial district |
| JEL: | O19 O30 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2018–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2018_013&r=all |
| By: | Carol Newman; John Page; John Rand; Abebe Shimeles; Måns Söderbom; Finn Tarp |
| Abstract: | This study combines evidence from interviews in seven countries with (i) government institutions responsible for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), (ii) 102 multinational enterprises (MNEs), and (iii) 226 domestic firms linked to these foreign affiliates as suppliers, customers, or competitors. The purpose of the interviews was to identify whether relations between MNEs and domestic firms lead to direct transfers of knowledge/technology. We first document that there are relatively few linkages between MNEs and domestic firms in sub-Saharan Africa compared with Asia. However, when linkages are present in sub-Saharan Africa, they raise the likelihood of direct knowledge/technology transfers from MNEs to domestic firms as compared with linked-in firms in Asia. Finally, we do not find that direct knowledge/technology transfers are more likely to occur via FDI than through trade. As such, our results are not consistent with the view that tacit knowledge transfers are more likely to occur through localized linkages. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-161&r=all |
| By: | Pleshkova, A.; Grinberg, E. |
| Abstract: | The article is devoted to the identification of key features of training specialists in knowledge management and systematization of information sources available to them. The relevance of the subject is related to the growing need for managerial personnel, capable of organizing work with knowledge at the enterprise in order to achieve competitive advantages. The study examined the definitions associated with the management of knowledge in the foreign and domestic literature, analyzed the number of subjects taught in Russian specialized universities, revealed the predominance of non-formal education over education in universities. The phenomenon of teaching knowledge management within the framework of such related disciplines as information technology and personnel management has been studied. The article also systematizes the trends in which knowledge management projects are implemented. Based on the above specifics, it is suggested that the main driver of the development of non-formal education in this area is the entrepreneurial initiative of experts. The directions in which the contribution of Russian science to the development of knowledge management as a discipline is manifested to a special extent are noted. Such are the spheres of intellectual capital and information technologies. The article will be of interest to researchers and practitioners whose professional interests lie in the field of knowledge management. In conclusion, ways of improving education systems in higher education institutions and non-formal education are proposed to increase the competence of all specialists who work in the field of knowledge management. |
| Keywords: | knowledge management, knowledge manager, education, lifelong learning, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15117&r=all |
| By: | Liu, Huiling; Fei, Xing; Yakshtas, Kseniya; Li, Bo |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impacts of Chinese high-tech enterprise certification policy on enterprise innovation by exploiting the unique data of listed companies and their affiliates from 2006 to 2015. The authors exclude firms certified after year 2009 from the sample, because they may have exhibited R&D manipulation. The results show that high-tech enterprise certification can promote Chinese enterprise innovation, especially the innovation captured by invention patents. The results of a rich set of robustness tests all support this conclusion. Regarding the underlying mechanism, high-tech enterprise certification can influence enterprise innovation through tangible and intangible channels. The heterogeneity analysis shows that private enterprises, enterprises in industries with more competition, and equity-inspired enterprises benefit most from high-tech enterprise certification. This paper helps to scientifically evaluate the validity of Chinese innovation policy and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of enterprise innovation's driving forces as well as the inconclusive relationship between government support and enterprise innovation. |
| Keywords: | high-tech enterprise certification,innovation,R&D manipulation |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201885&r=all |
| By: | Ufuk Akcigit; Sina T. Ates; Giammario Impullitti |
| Abstract: | How do import tariffs and R&D subsidies help domestic firms compete globally? How do these policies affect aggregate growth and economic welfare? To answer these questions we build a dynamic general equilibrium growth model where firm innovation endogenously determines the dynamics of technology, market leadership and trade flows, in a world with two large open economies at different stages of development. Firms R&D decisions are driven by (i) the defensive innovation motive, (ii) the expansionary innovation motive, and (iii) technology spillovers. The theoretical investigation illustrates that, statistically, globalization boosts domestic innovation through induced international competition. Accounting for transitional dynamics, we use our model for policy evaluation and compute optimal policies over different time horizons. The model suggests that the introduction of the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit in 1981 proves to be an effective policy response to foreign competition, generating substantial welfare gains in the long run. A counterfactual exercise shows that increasing tariffs as an alternative policy response improves domestic welfare only when the policymaker cares about the very short run, or when there is retaliation by the foreign economy. Protectionist measures generate large dynamic losses by distorting the impact of openness on innovation incentives and productivity growth. Finally our model predicts that a more globalized world entails less government intervention, thanks to innovation-stimulating effects of intensified international competition. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, short- and long-run gains from globalization, foreign technological catching-up, innovation policy, trade policy, competition |
| JEL: | F13 F43 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1589&r=all |
| By: | Daniel Goya; Andrés Zahler |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of different types of barriers to innovation (financial, demand, knowledge, market, cooperation, and regulatory barriers) on firm level innovation inputs and outputs. Using a pooled sample of three Chilean innovation surveys, based on an instrumental variables approach, we find that the probability of generating innovation outcomes is significantly reduced by demand and financial barriers. Regarding inputs for innovation, we find a clear negative relationship between financial and demand obstacles and the propensity to incur (non-R&D) innovation expenditures, but not with its intensity. We also provide evidence of heterogeneous effects across sectors, finding that knowledge obstacles are relevant for manufacturing and market structure obstacles for services, while demand and financial obstacles appear to matter across the board. |
| Keywords: | Financial and non-financial barriers to innovation, sectoral heterogeneity in innovation barriers, potential innovators, instrumental variables. |
| JEL: | D22 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucv:wpaper:2018-02&r=all |
| By: | Lanz, Rainer; Lundquist, Kathryn; Mansio, Grégoire; Maurer, Andreas; Teh, Robert |
| Abstract: | Two far-reaching developments have increased the trade opportunities for SMEs in developing countries. Firstly, the rise of the internet and advances in ICT have reduced trade-related information and communication costs. Secondly, the international fragmentation of production has increased the opportunities for SMEs to specialize in narrow activities at various stages along the production chain. Using firm-level data from the World Bank's Enterprise Survey, we test whether digital connectivity, as captured by whether a firm has a website or not, facilitates the participation of manufacturing SMEs from developing countries in global value chains (GVCs). We find robust evidence that digital connectivity facilitates the participation of manufacturing SMEs in GVCs in terms of both backward and forward linkages. SMEs with a website tend to import a higher share of their inputs used for production and export a higher share of their sales as compared to SMEs without a website. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the effect of having a website on GVC participation is stronger for SMEs than for large firms. Beyond digital connectivity at the firm level, we also assess the role of a country's ICT infrastructure in facilitating GVC participation of SMEs. We find that SMEs tend to participate more in GVCs in countries where a higher share of the population has fixed broadband subscriptions. This result also holds if we control for other country-level factors such as the quality of logistics services, rule of law and access to finance. Our findings can provide guidance for policy makers in developing countries about the importance of investing in ICT infrastructure, creating a regulatory and policy environment conducive to e-commerce, and providing SMEs and workers with the digital skills and knowledge to use ICT technologies efficiently. |
| Keywords: | e-commerce,developing countries,small and medium-sized enterprises,global value chains |
| JEL: | F14 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:ersd201813&r=all |
| By: | Josef Taalbi |
| Abstract: | This study examines the network of supply and use of significant innovations across industries in Sweden, 1970-2013. It is found that 30% of innovation patterns can be predicted by network stimulus from backward and forward linkages. The network is hierarchical, characterized by hubs that connect diverse industries in closely knitted communities. To explain the network structure, a preferential weight assignment process is proposed as an adaptation of the classical preferential attachment process to weighted directed networks. The network structure is strongly predicted by this process where historical technological linkages and proximities matter, while human capital flows and economic input-output flows have conflicting effects on link formation. The results are consistent with the idea that innovations emerge in closely connected communities, but suggest that the transformation of technological systems are shaped by technological requirements, imbalances and opportunities that are not straightforwardly related to other proximities. |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1811.06772&r=all |
| By: | Panibratov, A.; Klishevich, D. |
| Abstract: | State-owned enterprises are considered an important phenomenon in the contemporary international business research which has a particular focus on the internationalization of such companies. The most prominent examples of globalizing state companies are the enterprises from emerging markets, whose economies are traditionally shaped a lot by the state influence and where historical legacy still influences the development of economy. This study examines the relationship of the state ownership and internationalization which is still far from being clear, since research on this topic produced controversial results. The controversy may be grounded in the different contexts where state companies operate. We study the Russian state companies, that are the least studied among the emerging market countries, and promise to reveal the insights on the internationalization strategies of SOEs. We examine the association of the state ownership degree and the internationalization level on the sample of state- and private-owned enterprises that are the 250 largest Russian exporters for the 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The results indicate that state ownership degree is negatively associated with the internationalization intensity, but only in case of the indirect state ownership, which we explain with the argumentation of the public agenda that companies pursue indirectly. Russian state companies are considered to have both commercial and strategic goals, and the latter may be connected to the geopolitical aspirations of the government. Firms with indirect state affiliation are used by the government as a leverage to reach non-market goals. Thus, the state pursues strategic (as opposed to commercial) agenda indirectly. |
| Keywords: | internationalization, state-owned enterprises, multinational enterprise, MNC, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15116&r=all |
| By: | Wales, W.; Shirokova, G.; Bogatyreva, K.; Germain, R. |
| Abstract: | Since its emergence, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has grown in prominence to represent a central concept in corporate entrepreneurship. Despite the importance of EO, in-sufficient attention has been devoted to EO in emerging markets and transitional economies. In this paper, we examine the international exposure of managers within an emerging market context as a driver of their firms’ EO formation as well other potentially impactful forces such as foreign competition growth in their domestic market and the level of involvement into in-ternational economic activity within the region where the firm operates. We explore the focal relationships using a sample of 769 manufacturing firms from Russia, a BRIC country that has received very little attention within the literature on corporate entrepreneurship in general and EO in particular. Our findings indicate importance of managerial international exposure and industry foreign competition growth in the process of EO formation. At the same time, the former is shown to be a context-specific EO driver. Implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurial orientation, international exposure, regional involvement into international economic activity, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15121&r=all |
| By: | Karpinskaya, E.; Shirokova, G. |
| Abstract: | This article offers a literature analysis concerning the entrepreneurial leadership for determination of its current stage of conceptualization with an accent to the evolution of meanings and analysis of core directions of research. The entrepreneurial leadership is an emerging field of knowledge based on theoretical foundations of both leadership and entrepreneurship. Now it has moved far from its original understanding without any clear vision of the final destination, while literature analysis has revealed some features of the institutionalization and contextualization stages of its conceptual development. The article provides a map of the current stance of research and concludes with recommendation on future scientific development of the field. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurial leadership, leadership in new venture, strategic entrepreneurship, approaches to definition, literature analysis, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15111&r=all |
| By: | Panibratov, Andrei; Chen, Xinchuan |
| Abstract: | The paper provides the review of the role of informal institutions in two emerging market contexts, China and Russia, and identifies its influence on firms’ internationalization process. In the process of internationalization, Chinese and Russian firms have always been affected by their informal institutions. Informal institutions in Chinese and Russian context affect overseas operations such as production, sales, and service of the companies. The research claims that informal institutions such as values, ethics, and habits influence Chinese and Russian firms the process of internationalization in Russia and China but operate differently depending on the context that can be explained by a country specifics. By analyzing and comparing the influence of informal institutions on firm’s internationalization in researched countries, we re-evaluate its impact in emerging market countries. |
| Keywords: | informal institutions, internationalization, Russia, China, firms, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15115&r=all |
| By: | Bordunos, A.; Kosheleva, S. |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Current research explores what determines corporate Human Resource Management strategy (SHRM), proposing that external institutional pressure can limit firms’ freedom of choice. Design/methodology/approach: The illustrative context is the banking industry in Russia. With a focus on the disclosed SHRM, the research helped to ensure that a) most of the banks indeed were similar in SHRM, despite possibility of the alternative options; b) successful banks were more self-determined in SHRM choice; c) in both cases, this choice was not associated with the competitive advantage of the banks. Key methods: theoretical thematic analysis on a latent level and Human Capital Disclosure Index. Findings: Example of the Russian banking industry helped illustrating that institutional fit of SHRM was not a myth and should not be neglected. However, successful banks partly overcame high institutional predetermination: they recognized and utilized lack of coherence in the institutional system; therefore, institutional barriers became advantageous for them. Originality/value: The research shifted from a traditional positivist perspective with its practice-based approach to the interpretivist perspective, treating SHRM as a combination of three latent referent standards. It allowed shifting from the ongoing debate about what form of SHRM has higher influence on performance, intended or perceived; and about operationalizing its variety. Research implications: The results contribute to a wide range of research in Strategic Human Resource Management. The context plays illustrative role, thus findings can be tested outside the banking industry and Russian institutional environment. |
| Keywords: | HIWS, HCWS, HPWS, HRM, SHRM, Russia, emerging markets, banking, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15107&r=all |
| By: | Benoît Desmarchelier (CLERSE - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Faridah Djellal (CLERSE - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Faïz Gallouj (CLERSE - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2018–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01934275&r=all |