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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Jose García-Quevedo (Chair on Energy Sustainability, University of Barcelona & IEB); Effie Kesidou (University of Leeds); Ester Martínez-Ros (University Carlos III) |
| Abstract: | Building on insights from institutional theory, the resource-based view of the firm, and internationalisation, we seek to explain the variation in the adoption of organisational eco-innovations such as environmental management systems (EMS) across sectors in Spain in the period 2009–2014. Previous studies on eco-innovation report that regulatory pressures, technology-push, market-pull, and firm factors are drivers of this process. However, this literature pays relatively little attention to non-technological forms of eco-innovation, such as EMS. As a result, just how EMS adoption can be encouraged across sectors remains unclear in the innovation literature. Here, we seek to address this problem by combining data from the following sources: the Community Innovation Survey and the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel, the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) survey, the Industry Survey, the Environmental Protection Survey, and the Air Emissions Account. The results of the econometric analysis of panel data reveal that, first, coercive institutional pressures are driving the adoption of EMS reflecting differences across sectors in energy and pollution intensity. Second, the adoption of ISO 9000 – a highly institutionalised system of quality management – increases the adoption of EMS in each industry because of complementarities between the two systems. Third, sectors with a high percentage of internationalised firms operate a higher number of EMS. |
| Keywords: | Eco-innovation, Institutional theory, Internationalisation, Panel data, EMS |
| JEL: | O30 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2018-07&r=cse |
| By: | David B. Audretsch; Marian Hafenstein; Alexander S. Kritikos; Alexander Schiersch |
| Abstract: | A rich literature links knowledge inputs with innovative outputs. However, most of what is known is restricted to manufacturing. This paper analyzes whether the three aspects involving innovative activity - R&D; innovative output; and productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor productivity. Moreover, the firm size advantage found for manufacturing in previous studies nearly disappears for knowledge intensive services. |
| Keywords: | MSMEs, R&D, Service Sector, Innovation, Productivity, Entrepreneurship |
| JEL: | L25 L60 L80 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1774&r=cse |
| By: | König, Michael; Rogers, Tim |
| Abstract: | We study the coevolutionary dynamics of knowledge creation and diffusion with the formation of R&D collaboration networks. Differently to previous works, we do not treat knowledge as an abstract scalar variable, but rather represent it as a multidimensional portfolio of technologies. Over time the composition of this portfolio may change due innovations and knowledge spillovers between collaborating firms. The collaborations between firms, in turn, are dynamically adjusted based on the firms' expectations of learning a new technology from their collaboration partners. We show that the interplay between knowledge diffusion, network formation and competition across sectors can give rise to a cyclical pattern in the collaboration intensity, which can be described as a damped oscillation. This theoretical finding recapitulates the novel observation of oscillations in an empirical sample of a large R&D collaboration network over several decades. Finally, we apply our findings to describe how an effective R&D policy can balance subsidies for entrants as well as R&D collaborations between incumbent firms. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; network formation; R&D networks; technology cycles |
| JEL: | D85 L24 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13307&r=cse |
| By: | Abdelkader Baaziz (IMSIC - Institut mediterranéen des sciences de l'information et de la communication - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The main aim of this paper is to propose thinking tracks of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems based on a "Quintuple Helix" approach that overcomes the competitive partitions by founding a paradigm of "coopetition" and "coopetitiveness" through the "intelligent specialization" with a strong societal and economic impact. Indeed, the dominant vision in most of emerging countries calls the relationship between Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and their actors, exclusively in terms of competitiveness aspects by reproducing identically the North-American models unlinked to the environmental dissimilarities, such as entrepreneurial culture. However, it is important to enquiring about the spatiotemporal adaptability of this model in the emerging countries contexts, particularly through its uninhibited relationship to the concepts of individual success and failure as well as the ecosystems running based mainly on private financing from business angels, crowdfunding and venture capital investors. While the creation of a startup is administratively facilitated, the uncertainties of the environment put its sustainability in a severe test. The causes are numerous, we cite among others, the difficulty of these startups to fit into a multidisciplinary working mode, hence the necessity to integrate them in the value chain of an ecosystem where they answer efficiently to mutualized and specific R&D needs. That's why we propose to identify the main barriers to open innovation as well as the catalysts enabling the creation of the integrative entrepreneurial ecosystems. By borrowing the paradigm of the city, we highlight the "urbanized" ecosystem made up of "useful" and "specialized" blocks, integrated in the value chain of this ecosystem. We will show the viability of the proposed tracks through many cases of economic, societal and academic actions undertaken in Algeria in order to setting up a favorable environment of integrative entrepreneurial ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Useful blocks,Specialized blocks,Urbanized ecosystem,Coopetitiveness,Coopetition,Quintuple Helix,Entrepreneurial ecosystem,Algerian entrepreneurial ecosystem,Ecosystem's Value Chain,Intelligent specialization,Mutualized R&D,Ambidextrous capabilities |
| Date: | 2018–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01917642&r=cse |
| By: | Tsuji, Masatsugu; Ueki, Yasushi; Shigeno, Hidenori; Bunno, Teruyuki; Idota, Hiroki |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between ICT and R&D in the innovation process. R&D is categorized into two types: R&D and non-R&D. The former is R&D conducted by specific R&D sections or units, whereas the latter is implemented without explicit or formal units. ICT use in this paper consists of two roles: (i) Internal use of ICT which includes ERP, CRM, CAD/CAM, Groupware, and Intra-SNS; and (ii) External use of ICT which consists of B2B e-commerce, B2C e-commerce, EDI, SCM, and Public-SNS. ICT total contains all of these. Research questions are as follows: (i) whether R&D and formal R&D groups have different innovation processes; (ii) what are the factors of production innovation in R&D groups; and (iii) how ICT use affects (i) and (ii). This study is based on mail surveys in five ASEAN economies, such as Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City), Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines, and Thailand from 2013 to 2014. The total number of valid responses was 1,061. Ordered probit analysis was employed. The significant variables common to both groups are few. In the R&D group, "ICT total" and "Cross-functional team" was significant variables, whereas in non-R&D group, "ISO9000 series" and "HRD program for workers were significant. From the above estimation results, it is clear that ICT use is positively related to innovation in R&D group, indicating ICT more contributed to their innovation. |
| Keywords: | internal use,external use,ordered probit,HDR,learning,QC |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse18:184970&r=cse |
| By: | Nina Bohdan (Belarus State Economic University) |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the innovative development of Belarus in the context of international indicators and ratings of innovation. International indicators of innovation are becoming an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation policy. Innovation policy often suffers, especially in developing countries, from an insufficient understanding of the complex phenomenon of innovation. Lack of a systemic approach to innovation leads to a lack of the emphasis on innovation based on knowledge from any source and not just on the knowledge formally created through R&D. Identified are the strengths and weaknesses of innovation policy of Belarus, as well as the problems of innovative development given the Global Innovation Index, the Innovation Union Scoreboard and Knowledge Economy Index. Developed are the new directions of innovation policy for Belarus. |
| Keywords: | Key words: innovation, performance of innovation development, resources of innovation, efficiency innovation, national innovation system, innovation policy. |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7010408&r=cse |
| By: | A. Alexander (Global Centre for Circular Economy - University of Exeter Business School); Dominique Martin (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); C. Manolchev (University of Exeter); K. Miller (University of Ulster) |
| Abstract: | University–industry knowledge transfer is an important source wealth of creation for all partners; however, the practical management of this activity within universities is often hampered by procedural rigidity either through the absence of decision-making protocols to reconcile conflicting priorities or through the inconsistent implementation of existing policies. This is problematic, since it can impede operational effectiveness, prevent inter-organisational knowledge-creation and hamper organisational learning. This paper addresses this issue by adopting a cross-discipline approach and presenting meta-rules as a solution to aid organisational decision making. It is proposed that meta-rules can help resolve tensions arising from conflicting priorities between academics, knowledge transfer offices and industry and help facilitate strategic alignment of processes and policies within and between organisations. This research contributes to the growing debate on the strategic challenges of managing knowledge transfer and presents meta-rules as a practical solution to facilitate strategic alignment of internal and external stakeholder tensions. Meta-rules has previously only been applied in a computer intelligence context however, this research proves the efficacy of meta rules in a university–industry knowledge transfer context. This research also has practical implications for knowledge transfer office managers who can use meta-rules to help overcome resource limitations, conflicting priorities and goals of diverse internal and external stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | Organisational learning,Strategy,Organisational capability,University–industry collaboration,Knowledge transfer,Meta-rules |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01935697&r=cse |
| By: | Ronald B. Davies |
| Abstract: | This report presents empirical analysis on the linkage between mergers and acquisition FDI and acquirer innovation efforts. The data indicates that acquisitions tend to result in a spike in research in the two following years. This impact, however, is contingent on industrial linkages between target and acquirer. In particular, nonmanufacturing targets appear to have the largest impact. Further investigation using input-output linkages finds that acquirer R&D increases more when the target is a primary source of inputs for the acquirer. These effects, however, are smaller for Chinese acquirers, suggesting that concerns over whether acquisition of foreign technology is spurring faster Chinese technological growth may be misguided. Finally, these effects are smaller in more concentrated industries, suggesting the need to consider industry concentration when projecting the R&D implications of cross-border mergers. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; M&A; FDI |
| JEL: | F23 O31 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucn:wpaper:201813&r=cse |
| By: | Thomas Schwab (University of Mannheim, WU Vienna & ZEW); Maximilian Todtenhaupt (University of Mannheim & ZEW) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the cross-border effects of patent box regimes that reduce the tax rate on income from intellectual property. We argue that the tax cut in one location of a multinational enterprise may reduce the user cost of capital for the whole group if profit shifting is possible. This spillover effect of the foreign tax cut raises domestic R&D investment. We test this mechanism by combining information on patents, firm ownership and specific characteristics of patent box regimes. Empirical results from a micro-level analysis suggest that patent box regimes without a nexus requirement (patent havens) induce positive cross-border externalities on R&D activity within multinational groups. For firms with cross-border links, the implementation of a foreign patent haven increases domestic research activity by about 2.3% per implied tax rate differential. Furthermore, our findings suggest that patent boxes generate negative spillovers on average patent quality. This has important implications for international tax policy and the evaluation of patent box regimes. |
| Keywords: | Patent box, spillover, corporate taxation, innovation |
| JEL: | F23 H25 O31 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2017-15&r=cse |
| By: | Michael Koch; Marcel Smolka |
| Abstract: | We conduct an empirical investigation into the effects of foreign ownership on worker skills using firm-level data from Spain. To control for endogeneity bias due to selection into foreign ownership, we combine a difference-in-differences approach with a propensity score weighting estimator. Our results provide novel evidence that foreign-acquired firms actively raise the skills of their workforce in response to the acquisition by hiring high-skilled workers and providing worker training. To pin down the mechanism, we exploit unique information on whether firms use their foreign parent in exporting to foreign markets. Our results suggest a fundamental role for market access through the foreign parent in explaining skill upgrading in foreign-acquired firms. We reveal substantial productivity gains within foreign-acquired firms and we show that these gains derive from a concurrent effort to raise worker skills and adopt more advanced technology, suggesting a skill bias in technological innovations. We develop a simple theoretical model of foreign ownership featuring technology-skill complementarities in production that can rationalize our findings. |
| Keywords: | multinational enterprises, mergers and acquisitions, skill-biased technological change, worker training, productivity |
| JEL: | D22 D24 F23 G34 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7332&r=cse |