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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Corinne Autant-Bernard (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); James Lesage (McCoy College of Business Administration Finance and Economics Department - Texas State University) |
| Abstract: | Past literature has used conventional spatial autoregressive panel data models to relate patent production output to knowledge production inputs. However, research conducted on regional innovation systems points to regional disparities in both regions ability to turn their knowledge inputs into innovation and to access external knowledge. Applying a heterogeneous coefficients spatial autoregressive panel model, we estimate region-specific knowledge production functions for 94 NUTS3 regions in France using a panel covering 21 years from 1988 to 2008 and 4 high-technology industries. A great deal of regional heterogeneity in the knowledge production function relationship exists across regions, providing new insights regarding spatial spillin and spillout effects between regions. Abstract Past literature has used conventional spatial autoregressive panel data models to relate patent production output to knowledge production inputs. However, research conducted on regional innovation systems points to regional disparities in both regions ability to turn their knowledge inputs into innovation and to access external knowledge. Applying a heterogeneous coefficients spatial autoregressive panel model, we estimate region-specific knowledge production functions for 94 NUTS3 regions in France using a panel covering 21 years from 1988 to 2008 and 4 high-technology industries. A great deal of regional heterogeneity in the knowledge production function relationship exists across regions, providing new insights regarding spatial spillin and spillout effects between regions. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge production,spatial econometrics,region-specific parameters |
| Date: | 2018–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01872021&r=cse |
| By: | Hsu, Wen-Tai (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Lu, Yi (Tsinghua University); Luo, Xuan (INSEAD); Zhu, Lianming (Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on industrial agglomeration. Using the differential effects of FDI deregulation in 2002 in China on different industries, we find that FDI actually affects industrial agglomeration negatively. This result is somewhat counter-intuitive, as the conventional wisdom tends to suggest that FDI attracts domestic firms to cluster for various agglomeration benefits, in particular technology spillovers. To reconcile our empirical findings and the conventional wisdom, we develop a theory of FDI and agglomeration based on two counter-veiling forces. Technology diffusion from FDI attracts domestic firms to cluster, but fiercer competition drives firms away. Which force dominates depends on the scale of the economy. When the economy is sufficiently large, FDI discourages agglomeration. We find various evidence on this competition mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Industrial agglomeration; Ellison-Glaeser index; Competition; Foreign direct investment; Special economic zones; WTO; China |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2018_016&r=cse |
| By: | Andrey S. Mikhaylov (IKBFU - Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University) |
| Abstract: | Spatial networking is the 'new normality' of local innovation systems, featuring a heterogeneous set of inter-organizational ties and a constant circulation of information, knowledge, practices, and other intangible assets of actors engaged in the regional innovation milieu. Understanding the particularities of territorial communities formed clarify the socio-spatial dynamics and the development trajectory of the region, its competitiveness and innovative potential. The study explores the variety of factors that affect the patterns of these socioeconomic interactions, such as the networking objectives, the stakeholders involved, the benefits projected, their spatial embeddedness, as to reduce the equivocality inherent to methodologies of delimitation and subsequent demarcation of spatial-network interactions. The study rests upon analysis of different types of relations formed between heterogeneous actors of regional socioeconomic system, both at inter-firm and inter-organizational level. Providing a classification of major factors that determine the features and patterns of spatial networking, the paper proceeds with discussing the differences in their dynamic configurations using three scholarly concepts – industrial district, business cluster, and global innovation network. The study revealed 20 individual typological characteristics in a group of four determining features of spatial-network interactions – the stakeholders, the linkages, the network, and the context. The typology elaborated is irrelative to the types of spatial networking analyzed, thus, being equally applicable to the modeling of different configurations of entrepreneurial interactions within the regional milieu. Territorial capital assessment requires a holistic approach in determining the socio-spatial dynamics of the regional milieu. This necessitates defragmentation of local ties into value constellations of the single regional socioeconomic and innovation system. The study contributes to the understanding of internal mechanisms of various forms of entrepreneurial networking, providing a set of criteria for integrated evaluation of spatial-network interactions. |
| Keywords: | territorial capital,spatial dynamics,regional milieu,local networks |
| Date: | 2018–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01860131&r=cse |
| By: | Miroslav Žižka (Technical University of Liberec); Vladimíra Valentová (Technical University of Liberec); Natalie Pelloneová (Technical University of Liberec); Eva Štichhauerová (Technical University of Liberec) |
| Abstract: | The present paper assesses the effect of the formation of cluster organisations on the innovation performance of member enterprises in two different industries – the traditional textile manufacturing industry and the new nanotechnology industry. Innovation performance is explored using Data Envelopment Analysis in two phases. In the first phase, it examines the ability of enterprises to transform resources (labour force, long-term capital, intellectual capital) into registered industrial property rights: patents, utility models, industrial designs, and trademarks. In the second phase, it assesses the ability of enterprises to commercialise industrial property rights and generate profits. Innovation performance then integrates both phases. In each industry, two samples were assessed: member enterprises of cluster organisations, and enterprises that operate in the same industry and region but are not members of a cluster organisation. The results of the research show that the existence of a cluster organisation has a greater effect on innovation performance in the traditional textile manufacturing industry. In contrast, in the new nanotechnology industry, the existence of a cluster organisation did not prove to have any significant effect on innovation effectiveness. In this industry, the existence of a cluster organisation had only a partial effect related to better industrial property rights commercialisation. Research shows that the type of industry is an important factor in the innovation performance of clustered enterprises. |
| Keywords: | innovation effectiveness,data envelopment analysis,innovation efficiency,cluster organisation,industry cluster,textile cluster,nanotechnological cluster,innovation performance |
| Date: | 2018–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01857439&r=cse |
| By: | Moon, W.; Pino, G. |
| Abstract: | This study draws upon research in economics and agricultural economics to demonstrate that free trade in agriculture is not poised to bring about dynamic/productivity gains. That is in contrast to the mounting evidence of dynamic/productivity gains (in addition to the static gains) from free trade in manufacturing industries/firms. We show that the lack of the dynamic gains from agricultural trade is due to the passivity of farm producers in determining their productivity and international competitiveness. It is highlighted that it is neither free trade nor greater competitive pressure on farm producers but public investments for R&D/infrastructure/extension that would bring about improvements in productivity over time. Implications of the lack of the dynamic gains are discussed for governing agricultural trade and designing development strategies in food-importing low income countries. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275869&r=cse |
| By: | Yngve Dahle; Martin Steinert; Anh Nguyen Duc; Roman Chizhevskiy |
| Abstract: | Startups is a popular phenomenon that has a significant impact on global economy growth, innovation and society development. However, there is still insufficient understanding about startups, particularly, how to start a new business in the relation to consequent performance. Toward this knowledge, we have performed an empirical study regarding the differences between a Resource and Competence View (Internal) vs Environment and Market View (External) when defining a Business. 701 entrepreneurs have reflected on their startups on nine classes of Resources (values, vision, personal objectives, employees and partners, buildings and rental contracts, cash and credit, patents, IPR's and brands, products and services and finally revenues and grants) and three elements of the Business Mission ("KeyContribution", "KeyMarket" and "Distinction"). It seems to be a tendency to favour the Internal View over the External View. This tendency is clearer in Stable Economies (Europe) than in Emerging Economies (South Africa). There seems to be a co-variation between the tendency to favour the Internal View and the tendency to focus on adding Resources. Finally, we found that an order-based analysis seems to explain the differences between the two views better than a number-based method. |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1809.01487&r=cse |
| By: | Antonín Korauš (Pan-European University); Michal Mazák (Pan-European University); Ján Dobrovič (University of Prešov) |
| Abstract: | Economic competitiveness is not only a microeconomic problem for business management. It is also an important indicator of comparison among the economic development, advancement and sustainability of respective countries. The investigation of macroeconomic competitiveness of individual states is at the forefront of the discourse of both macroeconomic experts and politicians. In this study we focus on the economic competitiveness of the BENELUX countries, that is Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg. The objective of the article is to identify the position of the BENELUX countries as an economic union with respect to global economy and the potential for the growth and sustainability of BENELUX economic competitiveness. The first part of the article addresses the theoretical principles of the given problematic, delineates competitiveness within its economic determinants and positions a discussion with specific focus on the BENELUX countries. The article also addresses the cooperation within the union of these states in terms of sustainability of competitiveness. The empirical part of the article analyses the competitiveness of the chosen states using standard macroeconomic methods. Three indices were utilised in the analysis, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), the ʻDoing Business' index created by the World Bank, and the Economic Freedom Index (EFI). We have also subjected the selected indicators to a correlational analysis, the aim of which was to identify possible correlations between the chosen competitiveness index and a chosen parameter. The results of the analysis reveal the current economic position of the BENELUX countries, and outline the economic opportunities and threats to further development. |
| Keywords: | economic competitiveness index,economic competitiveness,national economy,economic union,BENELUX countries |
| Date: | 2018–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01860140&r=cse |
| By: | Pedro Bação (CeBER - Centre for Business and Economics Research); António Portugal Duarte (CeBER - Centre for Business and Economics Research); Diogo Viveiros (Banco de Portugal) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to study the relation between Portuguese exports of goods and a set of variables that theoretical models suggest as the main determinants of export behavior.Given that the exchange rate is one of the key variables identified by the theoretical models, we begin by reviewing the evolution of Portugal’s exchange rate policy between the 1977 and 1999, when Portugal joined the European Monetary Union. In addition, we discuss how the exchange rate policy has been related to the issue of competitiveness of Portuguese firms. We then present the theoretical models and proceed to an empirical analysis of their adequacy.The results of our empirical analysis indicate that the perfect competition model does not provide an acceptable representation of the behavior of Portugal's exports of goods. The result s improve when the monopolistic competition model is estimated. The estimation of a modified version of the monopolistic competition model suggests that Portugal's exports of goods are very elastic with respect to demand and productivity, but very inelastic with respect to wages. Nevertheless, certain variables are not significant, which indicates that there are problems to be solved either in the theoretical framework or in the empirical approach.The estimates reported support the conclusion that to foster exports a focus on wage costs and on exchange rate fluctuations is probably inefficient or even misguided. Productivity and demand seem to be more important determinants of exports. If one believes in this conclusion, then views of competitiveness based on the importance of wage repression or exchange rate control must be revised. |
| Keywords: | competitiveness, exchange rate, exports, productivity, wages. |
| JEL: | D24 F11 F14 F31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gmf:papers:2018-08&r=cse |
| By: | Meng Wei Chen (Indiana University at Bloomington, USA); Yu Chen (University of Graz, Austria); Zhen-Hua Wu (Nanjing University, China); Ningru Zhao (Nanjing Audit University, China) |
| Abstract: | We study how government intervention affects innovation and entrepreneurship, using a model in which two agents (e.g., one entrepreneur and one venture capitalist) engage in teamwork to launch a new business in which a moral hazard problem may persist for both parties. One feature of our model is that the government's financial support (grant) may have (positive) externalities on the teamwork of both parties, but is also constrained by budget costs. We compare two major forms of government intervention: indirect intervention and direct intervention. In the former, government intervention always raises the efforts of both parties and promotes social surplus (welfare). In the latter, government intervention may not always raise the efforts of both parties or promote social surplus relative to the case without government intervention. It may, however, deliver even higher social surplus than indirect financing when the government's share in the enterprise is dominant and its marginal contribution to the project is sufficiently high. |
| Keywords: | Government intervention; Double moral hazard; Direct financing; Indirect financing; Innovation, entrepreneurship |
| JEL: | G24 G32 G34 D80 D86 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grz:wpaper:2018-15&r=cse |
| By: | Minegishi, Kota; Ueda, Kohei; Pieralli, Simone |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259146&r=cse |