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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2018‒01‒01
thirteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Nicola Cortinovis (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Frank van Oort (ESE EUR, IHS EUR, Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | Productivity across European regions is related to three types of networks that mediate R&D-related knowledge spillovers: trade, co-patenting and geographical proximity. Both our panel and instrumental variable estimations for European regions suggest that network relations are crucial sources of R&D spillovers, but with potentially different features. While co-patenting relations appear to affect local productivity directly, regions that link up to innovative leader regions via imports gain in productivity only when they have relatively high levels of human capital and absorptive capacity. From a policy perspective, this may frustrate recent European policy initiatives, such as Smart Specialization, that are designed to benefit all regions in Europe. |
| Keywords: | productivity; economic networks; regions; Europe; trade; knowledge |
| JEL: | R11 R12 O33 O47 |
| Date: | 2017–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20170118&r=cse |
| By: | Valeria Costantini; Francesco Crespi; Elena Paglialunga |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of private and public actions for energy efficiency on EU employment dynamics, relying on an econometric analysis on a sector-based panel dataset for 15 EU countries (1995-2009). Results show that after accounting for the sectoral output growth, investment and innovation activities, sectoral energy efficiency gains display a negative effect on employment growth, especially in energy intensive industries. Conversely, public actions towards energy efficiency may produce positive effects on employment dynamics. Indeed, the higher incidence of taxation on energy costs, the energy efficiency gains realized in the public sector industries and the implementation of a comprehensive policy mix at the country level, are factors positively influencing employment growth. This evidence highlights the complexity of the nexus between energy efficiency and employment dynamics, suggesting that superior employment performances can be achieved when complementarity effects between productivity enhancing activities and energy efficiency actions are realized. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency, Public Policies, Employment, Manufacturing Sectors, Eco- Innovation, European Union |
| JEL: | C23 L60 O33 Q52 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtr:wpaper:0227&r=cse |
| By: | Regis, Paulo José (Division of Economics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University); Desmarchelier, Benoît (Lille 1 University) |
| Abstract: | This paper conducts a large cross-country study of innovation decisions and its effect on the productivity of the firms in the service sectors in developing countries. A structural model relating innovation and productivity is fitted with data from 97 emerging and developing countries. We find that R&D generates gains in labor productivity as well as in terms of an aggregate measure of capital and total factor productivity. However, the introduction of new products does not seem to have relevant impact on productivity measures. From a policy perspective, we find that tax burden and difficulties to access credit are significant obstacles to innovation in services. Considering the positive relationship between service innovation and productivity, these obstacles should be on top of policy agenda in the countries under study. Finally, competition from the international market and from the informal sector are both fostering innovation in services. |
| Keywords: | innovation, productivity, services sector, developing countries |
| JEL: | L80 O31 O33 C34 O14 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xjt:rieiwp:2018-01&r=cse |
| By: | Marco Bettiol (Univeristy of Padova); Mauro Capestro (University of Padova); Eleonora Di Maria (Unviersity of Padova) |
| Abstract: | A fourth industrial revolution is occurring in the global manufacturing system related to new technological solutions enabling new forms of production inside the firms as well as new relationships between the firm and its market. Manufacturing firms need to cope with the new industrial challenges in order to sustain their competitive advantages. The paper is an exploratory study about the adoption of the Industry 4.0 new technologies by the Italian manufacturing firms, Focusing on the central role that marketing has for the firm’s decision to adopt and in terms of results achieved. Based on a survey of about 650 Italian firms specializing in Made in Italy industries, the research analyze motivations for adopting and not adopting Industry 4.0 technologies and the strategic implications of adoption. The results highlight the relevant role of customers and marketing variables in terms of motivations about the decision to invest in the new technologies and the type of technologies adopted, both in B2C and in B2B markets. Marketing and theoretical implications, in addition to some research limitations and directions for the future research are presented. |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pad:wpaper:0213&r=cse |
| By: | Sabine D’Costa; Enrique Garcilazo; Joaquim Oliveira Martins |
| Abstract: | Using a panel of 265 regions from 24 OECD countries from 1997 to 2007, we explore the impact of nation-wide macroeconomic and structural policies on the productivity growth of subnational regions. We find that average relationships between nation-wide policies and the growth of regions can hide strong differentiated effects according to the distance to the frontier: relaxing employment protection legislation on temporary contracts, lowering barriers to trade and investment as well as increasing trade openness enhances productivity growth in lagging regions, whereas reducing barriers to entrepreneurship or higher levels of government debt has a positive effect on regions that are closer to the productivity frontier. |
| Keywords: | structural reforms; regional growth; lagging regions |
| JEL: | R11 R58 O18 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgs:wpaper:86&r=cse |
| By: | da Silva, Luiz Eduardo; Karabag, Solmaz Filiz; Berggren, Christian |
| Abstract: | Firms increasingly use choose collaborative arrangements to get access to the most recent and advanced technologies instead of trying to develop them in-home. Several emerging economies use such arrangements particularly in the defence industry as a vehicle for technology transfer to the local industry. The effectiveness of technology transfer, however, is affected by many factors. This paper analyzes international technology transfer as a challenge of inter-firm collaboration and a challenge of cross-boundary knowledge management, and highlights the role of boundary objects to mitigate problems of knowledge boundaries such transfers. Building on a comparative case study of two international technology transfer projects, the paper contributes to the understanding of how collaboration problems can affect the transfer of knowledge across knowledge boundaries and how the use of appropriate boundary objects may improve collaboration management and the knowledge transfer. |
| Keywords: | technology transfer; international collaboration; knowledge management; knowledge boundaries; boundary objects |
| JEL: | L20 L64 O25 O30 O32 |
| Date: | 2017–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83094&r=cse |
| By: | Tödtling, Franz; Auer, Alexander |
| Abstract: | Innovation is nowadays a highly interdependent process where firms rely on distributed knowledge sources at various spatial scales. It has been argued that innovation interactions are shifting increasingly from local/regional towards global scales and that the region as a space for supporting innovation and competitiveness of firms is losing in importance. We suggest, however, that firms and clusters rely on various kinds of knowledge bases and factors for their development that differ in their geographical mobility and territorial boundedness. Whereas codified knowledge as well as many kinds of goods and services, investment capital, and people have become mobile at a global scale due to improvements of transport- and communication technologies and a lowering of trade barriers, we find other factors that are still territorially bound, such as tacit knowledge that is exchanged in local and social networks, and certain kinds institutions and regulations that are territorially confined. We investigate therefore for different types of industries to what extent and which kind of driving factors for cluster development and innovation have become non-local or footlose, or remain territorially bound to regions or countries. This also has relevance for regional and innovation policies that try to enhance the competitiveness of clusters and regional economies. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus009:5937&r=cse |
| By: | Fedorets, Alexandra; Stops, Michael (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Lottmann, Franziska |
| Abstract: | "Job mobility equilibrates disparities on local labor markets and influences the efficiency of the job matching process. In this paper, we describe a job matching model that allows for simultaneous regional and occupational mobility, predicting corresponding spillover effects on the number of matches. We estimate these spillover effects based on novel administrative German data on the number of matches, unemployed, and vacancies of local labor markets, which we define as distinct occupations in distinct regions. We specify a matching function for these local labor markets with regional spillovers, occupational spillovers, as well as combined regional and occupational spillovers of unemployed and vacancies. To construct these spillover terms, we use information on the proximity between regions and on similarities between occupations in terms of qualification requirements and tasks. We find that regional spillover effects for both vacancies and the unemployed are positive, occupational spillover effects for vacancies are positive and occupational spillover effects for the unemployed are negative. The combined regional and occupational spillover effects for both vacancies and the unemployed are positive. We conclude that neglecting regional, occupational, and combined spillovers leads to biased estimates of job matching efficiency in local labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| JEL: | C21 C23 J44 J64 |
| Date: | 2017–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201735&r=cse |
| By: | Rui Xu; Kaiji Gong |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impact of rising import competition from China on U.S. innovative activities. Using Compustat data, we find that import competition induces R&D expenditures to be reallocated towards more productive and more profitable firms within each industry. Such reallocation effect has the potential to offset the average drop in firm-level R&D identified in the previous literature. Indeed, our quantitative analysis shows no adverse impact of import competition on aggregate R&D expenditures. Taking the analysis beyond manufacturing, we find that import competition has led to reallocation of researchers towards booming service industries, including business and repairs, personal services, and financial services. |
| Keywords: | Western Hemisphere;Asia and Pacific;United States;Chinese Import Competition, R&D Expenditures, Reallocation, R&D Expenditures, Country and Industry Studies of Trade, Trade and Labor Market Interactions |
| Date: | 2017–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:17/253&r=cse |
| By: | Iferd, Younes; Schubert, Torben |
| Abstract: | The existing literature shows that interdepartmental collaboration within companies en-hances innovativeness due to easier access to and integration of knowledge spread over dispersed actors. As companies are well aware of these benefits they also use competi-tion between innovation projects to organize their innovation projects. Such competitive mechanisms have often been regarded as problematic because of their adverse effects on collaboration and knowledge sharing. At the same time, they have the power to expe-dite innovation processes. Based on German CIS data, we use a stochastic frontier ap-proach to show that competition across innovation projects tends to increase innovation efficiency for firms faced by predatory product market competition, while interdepartmental collaboration is efficiency increasing when competition is low. Furthermore, we were also able to show that with increasing innovation radicalness interdepartmental collaboration enhances the innovation process and that with increasing innovation incrementality com-petition across innovation projects becomes beneficial. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisidp:56&r=cse |
| By: | Leonardo Costa Ribeiro (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia); Ulisses dos Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais); Valbona Muzaka (King’s College London) |
| Abstract: | Encouraged by the emergence of a new but still rather modest literature on the use of trademark data as a complementary indicator of innovation, this paper strengthen the case for such use by offering both qualitative and quantitative evidence in its support. Based on large trademark and patent databases built for this purpose, the paper makes the argument that changes in the economic profile of advanced economies, as well as changes in the global economy more broadly, necessitate the use of trademark data in order to gain a better understanding of innovation across all sectors of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Trademarks, Innovation, Non-Technological Innovation |
| JEL: | O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdp:texdis:td571&r=cse |
| By: | Hans van Ophem (University of Amsterdam); Noud P.A. van Giersbergen; Kees Jan van Garderen; Maurice J.G. Bun |
| Abstract: | In Fabrizio and Tsolmon (2014) and Barlevy (2007) it is concluded that R&D investments are procyclical. Fabrizio and Tsolmon (2014) utilize a model based on Barlevy (2007), but differs in some respects and allows for more heterogeneity. However, we doubt whether their implied trends are intended. Fabrizio and Tsolman also set missing values for R&D equal to zero leading to unrealistic jumps in investment and its first differences. We reconcile and replicate both the Fabrizio and Tsolmon and Barlevy papers by considering extensions that encompass both models. Furthermore, we treat missing values more appropriately to check robustness of the results. Procyclicality is confirmed, but we find much less heterogeneity than Fabrizio and Tsolmon (2014) do. In particular obsolescence and patent effectiveness are no longer important but external financing is. |
| Date: | 2017–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ame:wpaper:1701&r=cse |
| By: | Lee, Jinsang (State University of New York Korea); Kim, Amy (State University of New York Korea) |
| Abstract: | Chinese Taipei became one of the most successful economies in Asia after the WWII, and the country was one of the four Asian tigers together with the Republic of Korea, Chinese Hong Kong and Singapore. Their economic achievement was mainly originated from the development of SMEs which government policies were effectively implemented and brought strong im-pacts on technological progress. SMEs were able to obtain technologies through research and development, and technology transfer from developed countries with various cooperation programs. However, APEC economies notably Viet Nam, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines have achieved economic development and SME technological promotion, but they are not comparable with Chinese Taipei. This paper analyses Chinese Taipei govern-ment policies on SMEs, technological progress, and technology cooperation with developed countries. These areas are compared with other four APEC economies. It brings some suggestions how APEC can enhance SME tech-nology cooperation with other countries. |
| Keywords: | SME; technological progress; technology cooperation; Chinese Taipei; the Philippines; Malaysia; Indonesia; Viet Nam; APEC |
| JEL: | F21 L60 O33 |
| Date: | 2017–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepas:2017_002&r=cse |