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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2017‒04‒09
twelve papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Yeongjun Yeo; Yeongjun Yeo; SHIN, Ki-yoon; Jeong-Dong Lee |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, with increasing interests of demand-side innovation policy, there is needs for investigating public procurement policy aiming to strengthen the industrial competitiveness by expanding new markets with innovative activities. Public Procurement is regarded as the most effective policy for stimulating innovation in relevant sectors. Under this background, each countries in OECD spends about 15~20% of its GDP on public procurement, and most of the demands in industry and technology sector such as energy, environment, health, construction is stimulated by public procurement. Especially, in order to achieve both mitigating climate change and economic revitalization, the share of green public procurement which is public procurement for green products in total public procurement is enlarging among developed countries. Despite of the amount of public procurement, and policy significance and effectiveness, there is few study on the effects of public procurement for innovation and the macroeconomic analysis from public procurement. In addition, some empirical studies which investigated policy impact of green public procurement are also limited in partial equilibrium perspectives, and they did not show the integrated and macro-economic impact of public procurement. Therefore, with previous literature reviews, this study presents general equilibrium perspectives which can analyze environmental, economic, and social benefits from public procurement simultaneously. Based on the conceptual framework from the previous literature, this study will present empirical results of the impacts of green public procurement quantitatively by computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. To analyze the economic impacts of green public procurement, it is essential to represent the innovation activities and its contributions within the CGE model. For the analysis, we construct the knowledge-based social accounting matrix(SAM), which includes knowledge in factors of production and R&D investment under investment. In addition, we construct the knowledge-based CGE model to capture the innovation related activities, and its effects on the macroeconomic system. Main differences between the knowledge-based CGE model and conventional CGE model is that factors of production include knowledge, and investment includes R&D investment. Another difference is that industry-specific knowledge stock accumulated by R&D investment influences productivity of other industries through spillover effect. These features of knowledge-based CGE model enable us to understand various macro-economic effects of green public procurement(GPP) considering innovation related aspects. Although green public procurement(GPP) could have indirect and direct effects on the economy in terms of environmental, economic, and social perspectives, previous literature give us bounded information in understanding potential effects of the GPP. This is because most studies on the GPP are limited to a specific cases based on the theoretical or conceptual level, and analyzing its effect with partial equilibrium perspectives. Firstly, GPP can have environmental impacts through energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gases by reducing energy consumption with the procurement of energy efficient products by the public sectors. Each country including Korea has its own standards of energy efficiency for the products, and GPP is implemented as the government preferentially buy the products with high levels of energy efficiency. Secondly, the GPP can have economic impacts through creating and escalating the market, because the public sector take a role of lead consumer in green products and services. As a lead consumer, the public sector reduce market and technological uncertainties by specification of the demand of green technology and products. Thanks to the public sector, potential suppliers can escalate their pre-commercialization R&D and commercialization process. That is, GPP reduce the uncertainty across whole stage of production from development of new technology to diffusion of the products by specifying the information on demand for the industry, and it leads more innovation activity of suppliers and investment for the production. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the various impacts of green public procurement in environmental, and economic perspectives as discussed above. In addition, GPP’s main effects could appear in various pathways, including the environmental, economic, and social factors. Therefore, as an empirical study we will try to model those factors within the knolwedge-based CGE model. |
| Keywords: | South Korea, General equilibrium modeling, Impact and scenario analysis |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:009007:9519&r=cse |
| By: | Christopher Baum; Hans Lööf,; Pardis Nabavi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines variation in productivity growth within a given location and between different locations. Implementing a dynamic panel data approach on Swedish micro data, we test the separate and complementary effect of internal innovation efforts and spillovers from the local milieu. Measuring the potential knowledge spillover by access to knowledgeintensive services, the estimation results produce strong evidence of differences in the capacity to benefit from external knowledge among persistent innovators, temporary innovators and non-innovators. The results are consistent regardless of whether innovation efforts are measured in terms of the frequency of patent applications or R&D investments see above see above |
| Keywords: | Sweden, Growth, Sectoral issues |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:008007:8970&r=cse |
| By: | Loitongbam, Bishwanjit Singh |
| Abstract: | The changing global environment brings about new opportunities and new markets for domestic firms in developing countries. We examine the impacts of globalization and IPR protection on the innovation in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, using the firm-level panel data. This paper finds that there is a positive and highly significant level of foreign ownership effect on R&D activities. This indicates that there is technology spillover in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. TRIPS implementation has insignificant effects on R&D innovation. It is also found that exporting firms and firms with a higher productivity level are significantly more likely to carry out R&D activities. |
| Keywords: | Globalization, Foreign Ownership, Innovation, R&D |
| JEL: | F1 F14 F6 |
| Date: | 2016–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:75925&r=cse |
| By: | Serfraz, Ayesha |
| Abstract: | FDI inflows play an important role in bringing growth and development to emerging economies. Pakistan is also heavily dependent on FDI inflows for achieving a high growth rate but the main obstacle being faced by Pakistan is increasing number of terrorist activities. Although there is a vast literature available which throws light on FDI lead economic growth relation based on terrorism but this study will surely add new dimensions to the ever increasing research on overseas investment in developing countries, specifically Muslim countries, by correlating religious sectarianism with FDI and economic growth. The present study analyses the effect of religious sectarianism on the relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth in Pakistan for the period of 1989-2016. For measuring sectarian terrorism, data of sectarian violence in Pakistan is taken for carrying out the empirical analysis. This study explores an empirical relationship by testing a two-way causality between FDI inflows and economic growth of Pakistan, using the techniques of Johansen Cointegration and VECM model. For testing two way causality, two separate models are constructed; in the first model FDI inflows is taken as a dependent variable with economic growth and sectarian terrorism as independent variables. In second model, economic growth is taken as a dependent variable and FDI inflows along-with sectarian terrorism are taken as independent variables. ADF and KPSS tests have been applied to check the stationarity status of variables included in dataset. Later Johansen Cointegration test has been applied twice for checking the strength of Cointegration. The results of VECM and system equation model show that the first model is more practical as the F-statistic is strong in case of first model as compared to second model 2 but the purpose is achieved and a two-way causality has been confirmed by empirical analysis. Wald test and Granger Causality tests have been applied to check the exogeniety and causality respectively. The results show that FDI is not weakly exogenous whereas the second model concludes that GDP is weakly exogenous. The same results are confirmed by Granger Causality test. |
| Keywords: | FDI inflows,Economic Growth,Sectarianism,Johansen Cointegration,Pakistan |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cessdp:59&r=cse |
| By: | Ebghaei, Felor |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of foreign direct investment on productivity performance of firms using firm-level data for the years 2003-2011. The main purpose of this study is to examine effect of backward spillovers generetade by the export oriented multinational corporations on productivity. Within this context, another purpose is to determine whether the backward spillovers effects generated by export oriented multinational corporations is greater than backward spillovers effects generated by domestic oriented multinational corporations or not. For the purpose of determining the direct and indirect productivity effects (forward as well as backward spillovers generated by export and domestic oriented multinational) of FDI, the value-added and total factor productivity based on the methods suggested by Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) and Olley and Pakes (1996) are estimated by using the panel data method. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Firms’ Productivity, Spillover Effects, Firm Export |
| JEL: | F21 F23 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77893&r=cse |
| By: | Aiello, Francesco; Albanese, Giuseppe; Piselli, Paolo |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of R&D public support on the innovation activities of a sample of Italian SMEs. Unlike most of the literature, the analysis focuses more deeply on the innovation output than on the innovation input. The innovation output is measured through patent data. By using a new data set obtained by combining information from EPO records and the Capitalia data set on Italian corporations, we find that publicly supported firms have similar patenting activity to other R&D performers, regardless of the type of policy tool used to foster innovation. However, as far as patenting is concerned, supported SMEs face higher R&D spending than others. |
| Keywords: | Patents; R&D policy support; SMEs |
| JEL: | C21 L1 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2017–03–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77955&r=cse |
| By: | Giannopoulou Eleni; Barlatier Pierre-Jean; Pénin Julien |
| Abstract: | Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) and universities are important elements of countries’ innovation system. Due to their intermediate position in between science and industry, RTOs and universities are often blended together and considered as the same thing. However, many studies have stressed the differences between the two. In this paper, we compare the impact of RTOs and universities on firms’ innovation type and performance. More specifically, we analyze what kind of innovation firms which work with RTOs versus universities are more likely to develop. Our study is based on statistical analysis of Community Innovation Survey available micro-data (CIS 2012). Our results suggest that firms which work with RTOs versus universities have different innovation outcomes. In particular, we find that companies that deem RTOs as more important sources of knowledge than universities have a higher probability to develop service innovation, have less need to invest in internal R&D but are less likely to be innovative including new to the world innovation. These results have important policy and management implications. |
| Keywords: | Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), Universities, Service Innovation, University-industry linkages, Open Innovation. |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2017-09&r=cse |
| By: | Bertschek, Irene; Kesler, Reinhold |
| Abstract: | Social media open up new possibilities for firms to exploit information from various external sources. Does this information help firms to become more innovative? Combining firm-level survey data with information from firms' Facebook pages, we study the role that firms' and users' activities on Facebook play in the innovation process. We find that firms' adoption of a Facebook page as well as feedback from users are positively and significantly related to product innovations. Analysis of the content of Facebook posts and comments reveals that firms are more likely to introduce product innovations if they actively ask for feedback, while only negative user comments are positively and significantly related to innovation success. These results withstand a large set of robustness checks, including estimations that take potential endogeneity of firms' Facebook use into account. |
| Keywords: | social media,knowledge sources,product innovation |
| JEL: | D22 L23 O31 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17015&r=cse |
| By: | Manasakis, Constantine; Mitrokostas, Evangelos; Petrakis, Emmanuel |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of a responsible multinational firm's decision to enter in a foreign country either through exports or through foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as the relevant market and societal outcomes. We find that CSR investments are higher under FDI than under exports. The multinational firm's incentives to serve the foreign country through FDI are increasing in the average consumer's valuation for CSR and in the intensity of the foreign country's market competition, but only if the average consumer's valuation for CSR in this country is sufficiently high. These incentives are mitigated by the multinational firm's liability in this country under exports. We also find that there is misalignment of preferences between the stakeholders of the two countries over the multinational firm's mode of entry in the foreign country. |
| Keywords: | Corporate social responsibility,Multinational firms,Foreign direct investment,Exports,Import tariffs |
| JEL: | D43 F13 F23 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:246&r=cse |
| By: | Kim, Jiyoung; Nakano, Satoshi; Nishimura, Kazuhiko |
| Abstract: | Sector-wise productivity growth is measured, along with the sectoral elasticity of substitution, under the multifactor CES framework by regressing the growth of factor-wise cost shares against the growth of relative factor prices. We use linked input–output tables for Japan and Korea as the data sources for factor price and cost shares in two temporally distant states. We then construct a multisectoral general equilibrium model using the system of estimated CES unit cost functions and evaluate the economy-wide distribution of exogenous productivity gains in terms of welfare. Further, we examine the differences between models based on a priori elasticities such as the Leontief and the Cobb–Douglas systems. |
| Keywords: | Productivity, Input-output tables, East Asia, Japan, South Korea, Productivity Growth, Multi-Factor CES, Elasticity of Substitution, General Equilibrium, Linked Input-Output Tables |
| JEL: | D24 D57 D58 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper632&r=cse |
| By: | Andreas Stephan; Christopher BAUM,; Pardis NABAVI; Hans LÖÖF, |
| Abstract: | We evaluate a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) approach to the estimation of the relationship between R&D, innovation and productivity that focuses on the potentially crucial heterogeneity across technology levels and sectors. see above see above |
| Keywords: | Sweden, Growth, Macroeconometric modeling |
| JEL: | C00 L00 O00 |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:008007:8868&r=cse |
| By: | Mickaël Géraudel (CREA, Center for Research in Economics and Management - Uni.lu - Université du Luxembourg); Anis Khedhaouria (Montpellier Business School, Montpellier Research in Management); Caroline Mothe (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Barthelemy Chollet (GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)) |
| Abstract: | Market knowledge (MK) improves firm performance, yet knowledge of how MK develops remains sparse. In small and medium-sized enterprises, MK likely depends on the personal dispositions of CEOs. This study draws on personality research to theorize that CEOs' personality traits influence the intensity of seeking (openness and conscientiousness), the opportunity to access (extraversion), or the accuracy of processing (agreeableness and emotional stability) market information. A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 409 CEOs reveals two equifinal configurations of traits leading to high MK, both of which include traits favoring accuracy, suggesting their particular importance. The findings provide new understanding of the antecedents of MK and have conceptual implications for the study of CEOs' personality in general. |
| Keywords: | Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), Market knowledge, Personality traits, CEO |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:gemptp:halshs-01496313&r=cse |