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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2017‒01‒15
sixteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Serafica, Ramonette B. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the evidence on service innovation using the 2012 Census of Philippine Business and Industry and the 2009 Pilot Survey of Innovation Activities. It reveals the wide variation in R&D intensities and differences in innovation behavior between the manufacturing and services sectors, for example, with respect to information sources and innovation activities. Many similarities were also detected in terms of service product innovation, the popularity of organizational innovation, and the preference for training activities, among others. Looking at structural factors, the probit regression analyses indicate that the size of the firm is a good determinant for all types of innovation. Ownership and age were also significant for certain innovation outputs, which could help inform policies on foreign direct investment and entrepreneurship. The results of this paper reveal the importance of service innovation not only for the services sector but also for the manufacturing sector consistent with servicification. In general, different types of innovation are undertaken by industries for various reasons, and the technological and nontechnological forms of innovation complement each other. If the government aims to promote economy-wide upgrading, support for innovation should not favor only one type of innovation output or activity. Further research on innovation behavior to cover more industries will be useful in developing a comprehensive and more nuanced approach to innovation policy. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, services, research and development (R&D), innovation, manufacturing, servicification |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2016-20&r=cse |
| By: | Sadowski, Bert; Nomaler, Onder; Whalley, Jason |
| Abstract: | The Internet-of-things (IoT) has been heralded as the third industrial revolution combining disruptive technological change and a radical restructuring of the traditional ICT ecosystem. Technological diversification allows companies in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries to participate in the IoT by transplanting their existing know-how to new application domains. In using the ICT ecosystem perspective, this paper examines the diversification of 1323 ICT companies into IoT by investigating 86,159 main patents in the IoT area using the USPTO database. The paper examines the extent to which the existing knowledge base allows ICT firms to diversify into the new technological area, that is, IOT. It utilizes an entropy measure to characterize the extent to which ICT firms diversify into IoT. We propose that a firm's knowledge position in a new emerging technological has an important strategic value in terms of competitiveness. It characterizes a few new application domains in neighboring industries like health or transport. The paper concludes that due to technological pervasiveness Iot provides for new innovative activities and technological opportunities for ICT companies to grow in emerging sectors like wearables, industrial automation, smart energy and smart mobility. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse16:148701&r=cse |
| By: | Charlie Karlsson; Sam Tavassoli |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the role of regional characteristics on innovation persistency among firms. Using five waves of the Community Innovation Survey in Sweden, we have traced the innovative behavior of firms over a ten-year period, i.e. between 2002 and 2012. On the one hand, we distinguish between four types of innovations: process, product, marketing, and organizational innovations. On the other hand, we considered various regional characteristics including knowledge stock, market thickness, and extent of knowledge spillovers. Using a dynamic Probit model, we found that, in general, those firms located in the regions with higher stock of knowledge, thicker market, and higher extent of knowledge spillovers exhibit higher probability of being a persistent innovators. Such higher persistency is mostly pronounced for product innovators. |
| Keywords: | location; persistence; innovation; product innovations; process innovations; market innovations; organizational innovations; firms; Community Inno¬vation Survey |
| JEL: | D22 L20 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa16p154&r=cse |
| By: | Hui He; Nan Li; Jing Fang |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether the rapid growing firm patenting activity in China is associated with real economic outcome by building a unique dataset uniting detailed firm balance sheet information with firm patent data for the period of 1998-2007. We find strong evidence that within-firm increases in patent stock are associated with increases in firm size, exports, and more interestingly, total factor productivity and new product revenue share. Event studies using first-time patentees as the treatment group and non-patenting firms selected based on Propensity-Score Matching method as the control group also demonstrate similar effects following initial patent application. We also find that although state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on average have lower level of productivity and are less innovative compared to their non-state-owned peers, increases in patent stock tend to be associated with higher productivity growth among SOEs, especially for patents with lower innovative content. The latter could reflect the preferential government policies enjoyed by SOEs. |
| Keywords: | Technological innovation;China;Business enterprises;Public corporations;Innovation, Growth, Patent, R&D, Productivity, SOE Reforms, China |
| Date: | 2016–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:16/249&r=cse |
| By: | Nathan Goldschlag; Stefano Bianchini; Julia Lane; Joseba Sanmartín Sola; Bruce Weinberg |
| Abstract: | Public support of research typically relies on the notion that universities are engines of economic development and that university research is a primary driver of high wage localized economic activity. However, the evidence supporting that notion is based on aggregate descriptive data, rather than detailed links at the level of individual transactions. Here we use new micro-data from three countries—France, Spain and the United States—to examine one mechanism whereby such economic activity is generated, namely purchases from regional businesses. We show that grant funds are more likely to be expended at businesses physically closer to universities than at those farther away. In addition, if a vendor has been a supplier to a grant once, that vendor is subsequently more likely to be a vendor on the same or related grants. Firms behave in a way that is consistent with the notion that propinquity is good for business; if a firm supplies a research grant at a university in a given year, it is more likely to open an establishment near that university in subsequent years than other firms. |
| JEL: | O31 R1 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23018&r=cse |
| By: | Cai, Jing; Szeidl, Adam |
| Abstract: | We organized business associations for the owner-managers of randomly selected young Chinese firms to study the effect of business networks on firm performance. We randomized 2,800 firms into small groups whose managers held monthly meetings for one year, and into a "no-meetings" control group. We find that: (1) The meetings increased firm revenue by 8.1 percent, and also significantly increased profit, factors, inputs, the number of partners, borrowing, and a management score; (2) These effects persisted one year after the conclusion of the meetings; and (3) Firms randomized to have better peers exhibited higher growth. We exploit additional interventions to document concrete channels. (4) Managers shared exogenous business-relevant information, particularly when they were not competitors, showing that the meetings facilitated learning from peers. (5) Managers created more business partnerships in the regular than in other one-time meetings, showing that the meetings improved supplier-client matching. (6) Firms whose managers discussed management, partners, or finance improved more in the associated domain, suggesting that the content of conversations shaped the nature of gains. |
| Keywords: | business networks; field experiment; information diffusion; meetings; peer effects; referrals; Trust |
| JEL: | D22 L14 O12 O14 |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11717&r=cse |
| By: | Serrano Calle, Silvia; Pérez Martínez, Jorge; Frías Barroso, Zoraida |
| Abstract: | The paper focuses on the first public programs in Spain to support the introduction of cloud computing services for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and micro-SMEs, and facilitating the digital transformation of SMEs, stimulating e-commerce and encouraging competitiveness. The paper analyses how the programs that the Spanish Government launched in 2015 transcend technology and impact over the digital ecosystem, with influences over supply and demand. The paper identifies the main drivers of SMEs providing cloud services and ICT solutions and other key elements that help to understand the eligible portfolio of cloud solutions and authorised providers that will contribute to the digital transformation of Spanish SMEs and micro-SMEs. |
| Keywords: | Digital Economy,Cloud Computing,SME,Public Policy |
| JEL: | H76 L88 O14 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse16:148703&r=cse |
| By: | Daniele Moschella; Federico Tamagni; Xiaodan Yu |
| Abstract: | This article investigates the characteristics of high-growth (HG) firms in Chinese manufacturing, and further explores the effects of firm characteristics on persistence of high-growth. We employ a multidimensional definition of HG firms that simultaneously accounts for growth of sales and employment. Exploiting a representative panel covering the period of the Chinaùs miracle, we find that HG firms outperform other firms, showing higher productivity, higher profitability, larger investment intensity, higher sales from product innovation, lower interest expenses and lower leverage. HG firms are also relatively young, larger in size, more often exporters and more concentrated in non-State-controlled companies. However, regression analysis suggests that none of the indicators of structural characteristics and performance considered above displays any statistical association with the ability to persistently replicate high-growth over time. The results speak against the long-run effectiveness of policies supporting the creation and backing of high-growth firms. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Firm growth, High-growth firms, Persistent high-growth firms |
| Date: | 2017–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2017/03&r=cse |
| By: | Idota, Hiroki; Ueki, Yasushi; Shigeno, Hidenori; Bunno, Teruyuki; Tsuji, Masatsugu |
| Abstract: | To achieve successful innovation, firms in ASEAN countries have to elevate their innovation capability including human resources, business structure of firms, technologies including ICT use by collaborating with outside organizations such as MNCs (Multi-national companies) and university/public research institutes. These outside organizations are termed as external linkages. Based on authors'survey data of five ASEAN economies such as Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Laos from 2014 to 2015, this paper examines how internal innovation capability such as human resource management (HRM), organizational learning and ICT use enhance product innovation. These factors are used as latent variables in analysis and consist of the following variables:(i) HRM such as recruitment, job training and rewards and 5S; (ii) organizational learning including QC and cross-functional teams;(iii) ICT use such as B2B, B2C, EDI, SCM, ERP, CAD/CAM, groupware, SNS; and (iv) external linkages. This study employs SEM (Structural equation modeling) to analyze the causal relationships not only among the above four latent variables but also between these and innovation.The six hypotheses were postulated. Estimation results demonstrate that organization learning and ICT use enhance product innovation, and particularly, human resource management enhances organization learning. |
| Keywords: | ICT use,human resource management,external linkages,cross-functional teams,QC,SEM |
| JEL: | O32 O31 O19 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse16:148675&r=cse |
| By: | Mariachiara Barzotto (Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham); Giancarlo Corò (Ca’ Foscari University Venice); Ilaria Mariotti (DAStU – Polytechinic of Milan); Marco Mutinelli (University of Brescia) |
| Abstract: | Countries are increasingly competing to attract inward foreign direct investments (FDIs) to benefit from the superior performance of the international firms. Yet there is still scant evidence about the effects of inward FDIs on the high-income countries’ industrial base. In advanced economies a specialised, skilled workforce has emerged as a pivotal economic development asset to enhance innovation capabilities. The paper aims at investigating how the use of a local, skilled workforce differs according to the firms’ ownership; being either affiliates of foreign multinationals (MNEs), or uni-national firms (firms that have neither been acquired in the period of analysis, nor have invested abroad; henceforth NATs). We empirically investigate this issue by adopting a novel database linking regional labour force characteristics with economic data on inward FDIs and NATs, operating in the manufacturing industry in the Veneto NUTS2 region (northeast of Italy) between 2007 and 2013. Descriptive statistics and counterfactual estimation have been developed, focusing on firms’ skill composition (e.g. skill level, age, gender and nationality). The results show that the two groups of firms differ in terms of workforce skill composition, and the affiliates of foreign MNEs positively impact on the regeneration of the host country’s human capital by attracting and employing a wider share of more highly skilled labour force. |
| Keywords: | Host Country, Labour Market, Advanced Economies, Skill Composition, Propensity Score, Manufacturing Industry, FDI |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cme:wpaper:1612&r=cse |
| By: | Ramstetter, Eric D.; Trung Nguyen, Kien |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) have played in Vietnam’s exports in 1995-2014. Economy-wide estimates suggest MNE share of Vietnam’s export grew from about one quarter to about two-thirds during this period. MNE shares of GDP were much smaller (6 to 18 percent); correspondingly export-production ratios were much (4.7 to 9.6 times) higher in MNEs than in the non-MNEs sector. If comparisons are limited to formal enterprises, wholly-foreign MNEs (WFs), which account for the vast majority of MNEs in Vietnam, tend to have relatively high export propensities and account for the vast majority of MNE exports. These data thus suggest that MNEs, and particularly WFs, make unusually large direct contributions to exports in Vietnam compared to other economic activities. On the other hand, these compilations cannot establish if export propensities differ significantly among ownership groups after accounting for other, related firm-level and industry-level characteristics. Most importantly, this paper highlights several substantial problems revealed by compilations of the firm-data which much be addressed before more reliable, rigorous analysis of the firm-level data will be possible. |
| Keywords: | Multinational enterprises, state-owned enterprises, ownership, exports, Multinational enterprises, state-owned enterprises, ownership, exports, F14, F23, L33, L60, L81, O53 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agi:wpaper:00000119&r=cse |
| By: | Sherzod Hamdamov |
| Abstract: | Uzbekistan, country which is situated in Central Asia, is characterised with huge amount of agricultural resources. It is a leading economy of exporting agricultural products to CIS countries, especially Russia and Kazakhstan. Government of Uzbekistan has been supporting development of entrepreneurship in the sphere of agriculture, one of the successful results of which is presence of specialized farms almost in each region of country. At present, the main task for specialized farms is to provide both domestic and foreign markets with qualified agricultural products. In the conditions of competition and free market relations, farms need to have and use appropriate strategies, especially marketing strategies for gaining good positions in domestic and foreign markets. This article explains how specialized farms to succeed on gaining competitive positions in markets through developing and implementing effective marketing strategies. Key words: marketing, marketing activity of farms, agricultural enterprises, specialized farms, product sales markets, market conquest. Policy |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2016-12-11&r=cse |
| By: | Emiko Inoue |
| Abstract: | Innovation is expected to become an essential element in overcoming climate change issue. To examine the factors that might induce such innovation, this study focuses on environmental disclosure and scrutinises how it influences innovation activity. Utilising firm-level panel datasets from EU corporations (fiscal years 2000-08) that were constructed based on the Carbon Disclosure Project data and the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, I estimate dynamic panel models using the system GMM estimator. The potential endogeneity issue is addressed in the models. Innovation activity is measured by R&D investment. The results show that corporations that implement a specific environmental disclosure action, namely, disclosing Scope 3 GHGemissions, are more likely to invest in R&D. This study sugg ests that supply chain management is crucial for corporations to enhance their innovation activity. In addition,this study reveals that a policy that stimulates corporate incentives to disclose Scope 3 GHG emissions may be a key to enhancing innovation activity. Since communication between corporations and other stakeholders, which may be enhanced by environmental disclosure , is a significant factor in encouraging corporate innovation activity, it is important to construct a system wherein environmental disclosure is evaluated objectively and corporations with strong environmental performance are adequately rewarded. |
| Keywords: | innovation;Environmental disc losure;Voluntary action;Endog eneity;Climate change |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-16-012&r=cse |
| By: | Löschel, Andreas; Lutz, Benjamin Johannes; Managi, Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on the economic performance of manufacturing firms in Germany. Our difference-in-differences framework relies on several parametric conditioning strategies and nearest neighbor matching. As a measure of economic performance, we use the firm specific distance to the stochastic production frontier recovered from official German production census data. None of our identification strategies provide evidence for a statistically significant negative effect of emissions trading on economic performance. On the contrary, the results of the nearest neighbor matching suggest that the EU ETS rather had a positive impact on the economic performance of the regulated firms, especially during the first compliance period. A subsample analysis confirms that EU ETS increased the efficiency of treated firms in at least some two-digit industries. |
| Keywords: | Control of Externalities,Emissions Trading,Economic Performance,Manufacturing,Difference-in-Differences,Nearest Neighbor Matching,Stochastic Production Frontier |
| JEL: | Q52 D22 Q38 Q48 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cawmdp:91&r=cse |
| By: | Wanzenböck, Iris; Piribauer, Philipp |
| Abstract: | In this paper we estimate space-time impacts of the embeddedness in R&D networks on regional knowledge production by means of a dynamic spatial panel data model with non-linear effects for a set of 229 European NUTS-2 regions in the period 1999-2009. Embeddedness refers to the positioning in networks where nodes represent regions that are linked by joint R&D endeavours in European Framework Programmes. We observe positive immediate impacts on regional knowledge production arising from increased embeddedness in EU funded R&D networks, in particular for regions with lower own knowledge endowments. However, long-term impacts of R&D network embeddedness are comparatively small.(authors' abstract) |
| Keywords: | R&D networks; European Framework Programme; regional knowledge production; dynamic spatial panel data model; space-time impacts |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus005:4652&r=cse |
| By: | C. Conti (Sapienza University of Rome); M. L. Mancusi (Catholic University (Milan) and CRIOS, Bocconi University); F. Sanna-Randaccio (Sapienza University of Rome); R. Sestini (Sapienza University of Rome); E. Verdolini (Fondazione CMCC and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | A major concern regarding innovation in clean technologies in the EU is that the fragmentation of its innovation system may hinder knowledge flows and, consequently, spillovers across member countries. A low intensity of knowledge flows across EU states can negatively impact their technological base, suppressing opportunities for further innovations and hindering the movement towards the technological frontier. This paper evaluates the fragmentation of the EU innovation system in the field of renewable energy sources (RES) by examining the intensity and direction of knowledge spillovers over the years 1985-2010. We modify the original double exponential knowledge diffusion model to provide information on the degree of integration of EU countries’ innovation efforts and to assess how citation patterns changed over time. We show that EU RES inventors have increasingly built “on the shoulders of the other EU giants”, intensifying their citations to other member countries and decreasing those to domestic inventors. Furthermore, the EU strengthened its position as source of RES knowledge for the US. Finally, we show that this pattern is peculiar to RES, with other traditional (i.e. fossil-based) energy technologies behaving in a completely different way. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Spillovers, Renewable Energy Technologies, Fossil Energy Technologies, EU Innovation |
| JEL: | Q55 Q58 Q42 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2016.71&r=cse |