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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Flavio Calvino |
| Abstract: | This work studies the firm-level relationship between different types of innovative activities and employment growth rates. Improving on previous investigations on the topic, it combines a dynamic panel analysis of the effects of different types of product and process innovation on employment growth with an outlook on the whole conditional employment growth distribution. Results show that product innovation -- especially in terms of good new to the entire market -- has a positive effect on employment growth. This role is likely to be particularly relevant for both fast-growing and shrinking firms. Process innovation appears instead to have less clear-cut dynamics, consistently with existing evidence. Among different types of process innovation, the introduction of novel auxiliary processes appears to be more positively linked with employment growth. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Employment growth, Dynamic panel methods, Quantile regression |
| Date: | 2016–10–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2016/37&r=cse |
| By: | Johannes VAN DER POL |
| Abstract: | One of the objectives of the analysis of innovation networks is to explain the structure of the network. The latter is important because it reveals strategic decisions of the firms in terms of collaboration. Different factors have already been identified (e.g technological and geographical proximity), the role of the life-cycle of the technology has however not yet been analysed.\r\nThe aim of this paper is to extend the existing literature on innovation networks in two ways. First we show that the International Patent Classification can be used to generate a knowledge network that can be used as a proxy for the identification of the technology life-cycle. Second we show that there is a correlation between the structural dynamics of the network and the life-cycle of the technology. |
| Keywords: | Network analysis ; Innovation network ; technology life-cycle ; Knowledge network |
| JEL: | L14 D83 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2016-25&r=cse |
| By: | Isabel Narbón-Perpiñá (Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Kristof De Witte (Top Institute for Evidence Based Education Research-Maastricht University and Leuven Economics of Education Research-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | The efficient management of the available resources in local governments has been a topic of high interest in the field of public sector. We provide an extensive and comprehensive review of the existing literature on local governments’ efficiency from a global point of view, covering all articles from 1990 to August 2016. This paper is the first of two. It covers the basic aspects related to local governments’ efficiency measurement not taking into account the effect of environmental conditions. First we show a detailed overview of the studies investigating public sector efficiency across various countries, comparing the data and samples employed, and the main results obtained. Second, we describe which techniques have been used for measuring efficiency in the context of local governments. Third, we summarise the inputs and outputs used. Finally, we discuss some operative directions and considerations for further research in the field. |
| Keywords: | Efficiency, local government, survey |
| JEL: | H40 H72 D61 R50 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2016/20&r=cse |
| By: | Martins, Pedro S. (Queen Mary, University of London) |
| Abstract: | Personnel economics tends be based on single-firm case studies. Here we examine the personnel practices of nearly 5,000 firms, over a period of 20 years, using detailed matched employer-employee panel data from Portugal. In the spirit of Baker et al. (1994a,b), we consider different dimensions of personnel management within each firm: worker turnover, the role of job levels and human capital as wage determinants, the dispersion of wages within job levels, the importance of tenure in terms of promotions and exits, and the scope for careers. We find a large degree of diversity in most of these practices across firms. Moreover, some personnel practices are shown to be robust predictors of higher levels of firm performance, even after controlling for time-invariant firm heterogeneity and other variables: low wage dispersion at low and intermediate job levels and a tight relationship between human capital variables and wages. |
| Keywords: | personnel economics, job levels, wages, big data |
| JEL: | M51 M52 J31 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10289&r=cse |
| By: | Huang, We-Chi; Chen, Ping-ho; Lai, Ching-Chong |
| Abstract: | This paper develops an R&D-based growth model featuring international R&D funding and patent collateral. It then uses the model to examine how the international borrowing interest rate and the fraction of patent collateral will affect innovations and economic growth. |
| Keywords: | International R&D funding, patent collateral, R&D-based growth model |
| JEL: | E44 O31 O40 |
| Date: | 2016–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74881&r=cse |
| By: | Stanislao Gualdi (Ecole Centrale Supélec - Laboratoire MAS); Antoine Mandel (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne - Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the interplay between technological change and macroeconomic dynamics in an agent-based model of the formation of production networks. On the one hand, production networks form the structure that determines economic dynamics in the short run. On the other hand, their evolution reflects the long-term impacts of competition and innovation on the economy. We account for process innovation via increasing variety in the input mix and hence increasing connectivity in the network. In turn, product innovation induces a direct growth of the firm's productivity and the potential destruction of links. The interplay between both processes generate complex technological dynamics in which phases of process and product innovation successively dominate. The model reproduces a wealth of stylized facts about industrial dynamics and technological progress, in particular the persistence of heterogeneity among firms and Wright's law for the growth of productivity within a technological paradigm. We illustrate the potential of the model for the analysis of industrial policy via a preliminary set of policy experiments in which we investigate the impact on innovators' success of feed-in tariffs and of priority market access |
| Keywords: | Production network; Network formation; Scale-free networks; Firms demographics; distribution of firms' size; Zipf law; General equilibrium; monopolistic competition; disequilibrium |
| JEL: | D57 D85 L16 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:16054&r=cse |
| By: | Olivos Rossini, L.M. (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Abstract: | This research contributes to the disciplines of information systems, management science in particular the field of management education and cross-cultural studies. It further proposes a model to understand technology-supported multicultural learning in Peru. In addition, the model examines intercultural competence as an outcome of both intervening variables of ICT and the training methods used by experts. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:08fc1097-494d-4ab1-97e7-a299f40cd636&r=cse |
| By: | Luis Cabezas; Alejandro Jara |
| Abstract: | In this paper we address whether foreign regulations affect the domestic activity of a select group of internationally active banks in Chile, for the 2002q2-2013q4 sample period. We find that the spillover effects generated by changes in the prudential policy abroad have a positive, but relatively weak impact on domestic lending. When comparing the two dimensions of prudential regulations, i.e. inward transmission through international exposure of domestic banks and through affiliates of foreign-owned banks, the spillovers transmitted through the first approach are stronger and economically more significant than through the foreign subsidiary relationship. This result is robust to different specifications, and might suggest that foreign subsidiaries in Chile behave just like domestic banks, as they have to comply with the local regulation in the same way as local banks. Above all, capital requirements appear to be the most significant prudential policy affecting domestic lending. |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chb:bcchwp:790&r=cse |
| By: | Sefiani, Yassine; Davies, Barry; Bown, Robin |
| Abstract: | Purpose - This study aims to develop a clearer understanding of the effects of location on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Tangier, as perceived by local owner-managers. Prior Work - Several studies have attempted to explain the role of location on business performance. Whilst some studies have stressed urban and rural locations, other studies have often paid particular attention to the connection of location and taxation and industry clustering effects. While the findings of these studies are important, they are perhaps insufficient in fully understanding the role of location. Approach - Fifteen in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected owner-managers of SMEs, forming a judgmental selection, to explore their experiences, beliefs, and attitudes with respect to their performance. Results - Findings of the study revealed that location is a salient factor that influences the performance of SMEs in Tangier. Although at the research design stage it was considered a classificatory variable, location was mentioned extensively in the interviews, in relation to the ‘free zones’. Findings showed that firms located within the free zones enjoyed favourable conditions, in particular, those related to taxation and competition, compared to their counterparts located outside the free zones, which were excluded from these benefits. Furthermore, perceived unfair competition damaged the performance of the SMEs. These findings suggest that the placement of the business in relation to the free zones thus became an important financial and emotionally significant perspective on equality in relation to success. Implications - Findings could encourage the government to adopt policies that will assist indigenous firms to benefit from advantages that are comparable to those that are available to those in the free zones. Greater attention to the perceptual effects of location would be advantageous. Value - This research contributes to the theory about SME development in that it highlights the issue of location as a significant factor in the perception of success.Location was a much more acute and multi-faceted issue than in most other studies. In this context of Tangier, ‘location’ may function as a higher-order concept (than say urban versus rural) in relation to, both the placement of business within a country, and choices between countries as jurisdictions in terms of location. There have been few studies on what might be called the psycho-geography of small business, given the predominant view that we are seeing the ‘death of distance’. |
| Keywords: | Location, Performance, SMEs, free zones, unfair competition, Tangier |
| JEL: | M19 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74768&r=cse |
| By: | Brixiova, Zuzana (University of Cape Town); Kangoye, Thierry (African Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines gender differences in entrepreneurial performance and their links with start-up capital utilizing a search model and empirical analysis of survey of entrepreneurs from Swaziland. The results show that entrepreneurs of both genders with higher start-up capital record better sales performance than those with smaller amounts of capital. For women entrepreneurs, formal finance sources of start-up capital are also associated with higher sales. However, as in other developing countries, women entrepreneurs in Swaziland have smaller start-up capital and are less likely to fund it from formal sources than men. Among women entrepreneurs, those with college education and confident in their skills tend to start their firms with higher amounts of capital. Professional support also matters, as women with such support are more likely to fund their start-up capital from the formal financial sector. |
| Keywords: | women's entrepreneurship, start-up capital, search model, multivariate analysis |
| JEL: | L53 O12 C61 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10279&r=cse |