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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2016‒10‒23
fifteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Jérémie Faham (ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Maxime Daniel (ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), LaBRI - Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique - Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2 - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jérémy Legardeur (ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | One of the objectives of the European Commission for 2014-2020 is to establish " Research and Innovation Strategies for the Smart Specialization " (RIS3). The originality of RIS3 is the " bottom-up " identification of regional priorities especially through the " Entrepreneurial Discovery " (ED) process. The Collaborative Business Models (CBM) approach has probably a role to play within this process as a suitable strategic tool to set up regional " value networks ". However, the preparatory stage of CBM and especially the identification and the matching processes among potential RE partners is often not addressed. This work is based on the need to support the discovering and the matching processes between " regional entrepreneurs " (companies, research , consulting, association, public authorities…) in order to improve the efficacy of CBM and RIS3. In this paper, we propose a review of the state of the art concerning the different dimensions linked to the matching processes. |
| Keywords: | Matching,RIS3,Entrepreneurial Discovery,Collaborative Business Models,Profile Comprehension,Entrepreneurs |
| Date: | 2016–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01332621&r=cse |
| By: | FARAYIBI, Adesoji |
| Abstract: | This study provides an econometric analysis of the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth in Nigeria. The study also assesses the areas where the country has developed enterprise and innovations. Findings from empirical analysis confirm the roles of entrepreneurs as good drivers of economic growth in the country. Specifically, results reveal that credit to SMEs is statistically significant in the determination of economic growth, implying that increase in entrepreneurial financing has significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Particularly, the increase in the operations and activities of SMEs in Nigeria remains indispensable to the pursuit of economic growth and development as a nation. However, the major hindrance inhibiting entrepreneurship as a growth driver in Nigeria include; poor infrastructural facilities, inadequate start-up process, financial management problems, lack of strategic planning and other socio-cultural problems. The study recommends building an in-country entrepreneurial capacity by incorporating requisite enterprise trainings and development progammes into the nation’s education system at all levels. Also, government, banking institutions and the organized private sector should increase financial support for entrepreneurial oriented initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Enterprise Development, SMEs, MSMEs, SMEDAN, YouWin |
| JEL: | L1 M2 M21 |
| Date: | 2015–08–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74591&r=cse |
| By: | Elisabetta Iossa, Federico Biagi and Paola Valbonesi |
| Abstract: | We consider alternative European public procurement mechanisms for acquiring R&D services and innovative solutions, focusing on Pre-commercial Procurement, Public Procurement of Innovative Solutions and Innovation Partnerships. For each of these mechanisms, we identify conceptually strengths and weaknesses. We highlight the role played by (i) economies of scope and externalities between R&D and large-scale production; (ii) degree of specificity of the innovation; (iii) role of SMEs in the market and level of market competition; (iv) risk of market foreclosure and supplier lock-in. This article contributes to the literature on incentives in demand-side innovation policy by tapping into the contractual design features and by offering relevant implications for academics and policy makers. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Demand-side policies, Incentives, Pre-commercial Procurement, Public Procurement of Innovative Solutions, Innovation Partnership. |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O38 H57 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcu:iefewp:iefewp89&r=cse |
| By: | Gómez Zaldívar Manuel de Jesús; Chávez Juan Carlos; Mosqueda Chávez Marco Tulio |
| Abstract: | In this study we use data on the productive structure of Mexican states to compute a measure of economic complexity for each, as well as for each economic activity conducted there. The results show that the states differ in terms of the economic activities in which they specialize and, therefore, also in terms of their economic complexity. As previous studies have shown, at an international level, there is evidence to affirm that the measure of economic complexity is relevant in explaining the observed economic disparities, since it is positively related to both the levels of wealth and the growth rates of the states. |
| Keywords: | Diversity;Ubiquity;Complexity;Economic Growth |
| JEL: | O10 O14 O47 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2016-17&r=cse |
| By: | De Paola, Maria (University of Calabria); Gioia, Francesca (University of Edinburgh); Scoppa, Vincenzo (University of Calabria) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether and how social ties affect performance in teams by implementing a field experiment in which a sample of undergraduate students are randomly assigned to either teams composed by friends or teams composed by individuals not linked by friendship relationships. Students undertake an intermediate exam divided into two parts: one graded on the basis of individual performance and the other graded on the basis of the team performance. We find that students assigned to socially connected teams perform significantly better than control students in both the team part and the individual part of the exam, suggesting that social ties are relevant both for solving free-riding problems and for inducing knowledge spillovers among teammates. The positive effect of friendship persists over time: treated students obtain better grades also in a second individual test after the conclusion of the experiment. |
| Keywords: | team, free-riding, knowledge spillover, social ties, randomized field experiment |
| JEL: | J33 J24 D82 D86 L14 C93 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10257&r=cse |
| By: | Valerio Sterzi (Université de Bordeaux); Stefanie Stantcheva (Harvard University); Santiago Caicedo (University of Chicago); Ernest Miguelez (Université de Bordeaux); Ufuk Akcigit (University of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | Does interacting with others contribute to human capital accumulation? We try to answer this question by using a novel panel dataset on European inventors matched to their employers. Our panel data comes from the European Patent Offices since the 1980s and contains information on inventors, their employers, and their patents. More interactions are very strongly correlated with higher subsequent productivities of inventors, as measured by their number and quality of patents. Using variation in labor market regulations and flexibility across sectors, countries and time as instruments, we document a causal link between interactions and productivity or human capital accumulation of inventors. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed016:1037&r=cse |
| By: | Dorothée Rouzet; Francesca Spinelli |
| Abstract: | This paper highlights the large contribution of services to the Brazilian economy and the under-exploited potential of services to sustain productivity gains and international competitiveness. The areas with the largest potential for regulatory reform include improvements in the general business and trading environment as well as specific policies in transport sectors, telecoms and financial services. Reforms targeting services that add value by favouring productivity and quality enhancements, as well as services that increase efficiency by reducing production costs, have strong potential to unlock manufacturing performance. The set of proposed recommendations emerging from this analysis underlines the importance of streamlining sector-level regulatory frameworks to encourage foreign entry and competition, and the role that cross-cutting improvements in the trade and business environment would play to render services providers more competitive. |
| Keywords: | trade policy, services, competitiveness, services trade restrictions |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F15 F6 L8 L9 O24 O54 |
| Date: | 2016–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:193-en&r=cse |
| By: | Andrew B. Bernard; J. Bradford Jensen; Stephen J. Redding; Peter K. Schott |
| Abstract: | Research in international trade has changed dramatically over the last twenty years, as attention has shifted from countries and industries towards the firms actually engaged in international trade. The now-standard heterogeneous firm model posits measure zero firms that compete under monopolistic competition and decide whether to export to foreign markets. However, much of international trade is dominated by a few “global firms,” which participate in the international economy along multiple margins and account for substantial shares of aggregate trade. We develop a new theoretical framework that allows firms to have large market shares and to decide simultaneously on the set of production locations, export markets, input sources, products to export, and inputs to import. Using U.S. firm and trade transactions data, we provide strong evidence in support of this framework's main predictions of interdependencies and complementarities between these margins of firm international participation. Global firms participate more intensively along each margin, magnifying the impact of underlying differences in firm characteristics, and increasing their shares of aggregate trade. |
| JEL: | F12 F14 L11 L21 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22727&r=cse |
| By: | Eisenberg, Paul |
| Abstract: | This study applies the prevailing scholarly theories of strategic management, employment decisions, cost accounting and share reward schemes to a panel of questions raised by Colin Drury (2012) in the case study of the fictitious company Integrated Technology Services (UK) Ltd., ITS (UK). The paper provides model answers which can be used when working with the case study at institutions of higher education. The merit of the work lies in three areas. First, it provides an overview of theories accepted by the academia that can be utilized for further research. Second, it contrasts pro and contra arguments. Thus it shows the limitations of the very theories when applied to scenarios inspired by practical problems. Third, it develops an innovative Balanced Scorecard for ITS (UK). The scorecard can be used as an example when working with Drury’s case study. But it is also suitable for real life situations of business entities faced with oppressive overheads and deteriorating net margins, building on highly skilled workforce and trying to preserve its differentiated profile. |
| Keywords: | Balanced Scorecard, Recruiting and Outsourcing, Target Costing, Hierarchy of Needs, Hygiene Factors and Motivators, Building Block Model |
| JEL: | A22 L21 L24 L25 L86 M10 M15 M41 M52 M53 M54 |
| Date: | 2016–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74271&r=cse |
| By: | Norman V. Loayza (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | “Informality” is a term used to describe the collection of firms, workers, and activities that operate outside the legal and regulatory systems. It is widespread in the majority of developing countries—in a typical developing economy, the informal sector produces about 35 percent of gross domestic product and employs 70 percent of the labor force. This paper studies informality in the context of economic development by presenting a model and projections that link informality, regulations, migration, and economic growth. This analytical framework highlights the trade-offs between formality and informality, the relationship between the different types of informality, and the connection between them and the forces of labor, capital, and productivity growth. The paper models the behavior of the informal sector based on the following fundamental asymmetry: formal firms confront higher labor costs while informal firms face higher capital costs and lower productivity. Using mandated minimum wages as the policy-induced distortion, the model first studies the static allocation of formal and informal capital and labor in a modern economy. Second, it opens the possibility of labor migration from a rudimentary economy with an ample supply of labor (rural areas or less advanced neighboring countries). Third, the model analyzes the dynamic behavior of the formal and informal sectors, considering how they affect and are affected by economic growth and labor migration. Then, the paper presents projections for the size of labor informality, in the modern and rudimentary economies, in the next two decades for a large group of countries representing all regions of the world. The projections are based on the calibration and simulation of the model and serve to discuss its usefulness and limitations. |
| Keywords: | Shrinkage, Informality, Minimum Wage, Labor Costs, Economic Growth, Migration, Labor Market, Financial Constraints, Productivity |
| JEL: | E26 E24 J46 O17 O11 O15 O40 O47 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apc:wpaper:2016-076&r=cse |
| By: | Huynh, Phu. |
| Abstract: | This paper presents regional trends and national estimates of exports, employment, wages, productivity and working time in the garment, textile and footwear industries in developing Asia and the Pacific based on official trade statistics and national labour force survey data. It finds that the region accounts for 60 per cent (US$601 billion) of global exports of garments, textiles and footwear. The industry employs more than 40 million Asian workers. However, labour productivity and wages remain low overall, and working time is often excessive. Applying standard Mincerian wage regressions, the paper presents empirical evidence on wage premiums and gender pay gaps in the industry, and discusses policy measures that can help sustain growth through new drivers of competitiveness. |
| Keywords: | employment, wages, working conditions, clothing industry, shoe industry, productivity, competitiveness, trend, Asia, Pacific, emploi, salaire, conditions de travail, industrie du vêtement, industrie de la chaussure, productivité, compétitivité, tendance, Asie, Pacifique, empleo, salario, condiciones de trabajo, industria del vestido, industria del calzado, productividad, competitividad, tendencia, Asia, Pacífico |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:994894273402676&r=cse |
| By: | Hayat, Arshad |
| Abstract: | The paper explores the role of institutional quality on economic growth and more specifically the role it plays through foreign direct investment. The paper uses an economic performance relevant indicators of institutional quality (both in aggregate and individual indicators) to evaluate its direct impact on economic growth and an indirect impact on economic growth via foreign direct investment. The paper applied instrumental variable model to a larger dataset of 106 countries and found that besides a strong direct positive effect on economic growth the aggregate institutional quality variable as well as all individual variables except for the rule of law have a small but significant indirect impact on economic that takes place through boosting foreign direct investment. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Institutional Quality, Economic Growth, Instrumental Variable |
| JEL: | E14 F23 F43 |
| Date: | 2016–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74563&r=cse |
| By: | Pierre-Daniel Sarte (Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond); Felipe Schwartzman (Federal Reserve Bank Richmond); Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (Princeton University) |
| Abstract: | We estimate within city productive spillovers in the U.S. and study their implications for location-based industrial policies. Spillovers arise from the interaction of workers, but the degree of externalities across industries depends on their occupational makeup. Using a structural model of trade across cities, combined with data on output, employment, wages and prices varying across cities, sectors, and occupations, we obtain estimates of both city-specific and sector-specific productivity across 33 sectors and 381 U.S. cities. Moreover, using information on regional price parities, we also obtain estimates of transport costs and trade elasticities for sectors where bilateral trade data is lacking. The extensive set of disaggregated productivities that we construct then allows us, by way of an instrumental variable approach that accounts for the endogenous location decisions of workers, to estimate the extent of productivity spillovers across occupations. Given our estimates of within city productive spillovers and the framework we develop, we study the effectiveness of policies promoting particular industries or occupations within different U.S. cities. In doing so, we assess how the distribution of industries and workers in space influences national output, local development, and the distribution of wages across occupations. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed016:1016&r=cse |
| By: | Christine Mee Lie (TIK Centre, University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | This article investigates the impact of green innovation on employment growth, employing firm-level survey data from South Korea. We focus especially on the industry-dimension, investigating whether displacement or compensation effects vary across industries and according to subtypes of green process innovations. Results demonstrate that both green and non-green product innovations are associated with significant employment increases: a 1% increase in sales growth from new products is associated with a less than 1% increase in employment. Finally results are found to vary across industries, especially when simultaneously accounting for subtypes of green process innovations. |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20161014&r=cse |
| By: | Diwan, Faizan.; Makana, Grace.; McKenzie, David.; Paruzzolo, Silvia. |
| Abstract: | The working paper Women business training programme in Kenya: Impact of incentives explores the issue of how to increase the take-up of ILO business training in Kenya, the Gender and Enterprise Together (GET) Ahead training programme. The researchers test three different types of invitations to the training, offering the participants different choices of accepting or declining participation. |
| Keywords: | attendance, training programme, women, entrepreneur, small enterprise, programme frameworks, evaluation, Kenya, présence, programme de formation, femmes, entrepreneur, petite entreprise, cadres des programmes, évaluation, Kenya, asistencia, programa de formación, mujeres, empresario, pequeña empresa, marco de estrategias, evaluación, Kenya |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:994874113402676&r=cse |