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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2016‒09‒25
seventeen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Antonio García Sánchez (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.); José Molero Zayas (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.); Ruth Rama (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.) |
| Abstract: | We attempt to contribute to a better understanding of cooperative innovation patterns of foreign subsidiaries (FS) in Spain as a representative intermediate country, going deeply into three main aspects: firstly, a sectoral taxonomy which combines international technological dynamism and revealed technological advantage as a way to understand such patterns. Secondly we focus our attention on innovative intensive subsidiaries, assuming they are the most important ones for hosting countries. Thirdly, we combine innovation and structural-competitive variables to explain local cooperation. We found more intense cooperation of FS with local agents in dynamic specialization sectors, as well as the fact that this is mostly carried out in a complementary mode with inner knowledge capabilities of the companies. Cooperative activities are influenced by economicstructural factors of the Spanish economy, particularly in highly innovative companies. Cooperative strategies of domestic firms might also have an influence on those of foreign subsidiaries. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:wpaper:1603&r=cse |
| By: | Pachouri, Anshul (Asian Development Bank Institute); Sharma, Sankalp (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Innovation plays a critical role in shaping the industrial and firm competitiveness of any nation. Innovation is often discussed in the setting of developed countries, but the rise of emerging economies such as India has generated a new interest in understanding innovation in developing economies. This paper aims to study and present the current state of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India. The focus of the paper is to bring out the key barriers SMEs face in the innovation process in the context of the existing government policy. India, being a developing nation, has its own set of unique situations and challenges that impede the innovation potential of SMEs operating in it. Many of these barriers are related to public policy, funding constraints, shortage of skilled research and development (R&D) workforce, and weak linkages between institutions and the firms, among others. |
| Keywords: | SME innovation; innovation policy framework; public policy barriers; innovation potential |
| JEL: | G20 G28 O38 |
| Date: | 2016–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0588&r=cse |
| By: | Sickles, Robin C. (Rice University); Hao, Jiaqi (?); Shang, Chenjun (?) |
| Abstract: | The chapter first discusses how productivity growth typically has been measured in classical productivity studies. We then briefly discuss how innovation and catch-up can be distinguished empirically. We next outline methods that have been proposed to measure productivity growth and its two main factors, innovation and catch-up. These approaches can be represented by a canonical form of the linear panel data model. A number of competing specifications are presented and model averaging is used to combine estimates from these competing specifications in order to ascertain the contributions of technical change and catch-up in world productivity growth. The chapter ends with concluding remarks and suggestions for the direction of future analysis. The literature on productivity and its sources is vast in terms of empirical and theoretical contributions at the aggregate, industry, and firm level. The pioneering work of Dale Jorgenson and his associates and Zvi Griliches and his associates, the National Bureau of Economic Research, the many research contributions made in U.S universities and research institutions, the World Bank and research institutes in Europe and other countries are not discussed here as our goal is by necessity rather narrow. We focus on work directly related to panel data methods that have been developed to address specific issues in specifying the production process and in measuring the sources of productivity growth in terms of its two main components of innovation (technical progress) and catch-up (efficiency growth), with emphasis given to one of the more important measures of the latter component and that is technical efficiency. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:riceco:15-018&r=cse |
| By: | Maaß, Frank; May-Strobl, Eva |
| Abstract: | Der Mittelstand gilt als innovativ und anpassungsfähig, jedoch wird eine zunehmende Innovationslücke konstatiert. Für diese Studie wurde die Innovationsbeteiligung des Mittelstands/ der KMU unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der nicht-technologischen Neuerungen auf Ba-sis der Community Innovation Surveys analysiert. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass nicht-technologische Innovationen weiter verbreitet sind als technologische Innovationen. Folglich gibt die Einschränkung auf technologische Innovationen ein unvollständiges Bild vom Innovations-geschehen im Mittelstand. Nicht-technologische Innovationen dienen der Vorbereitung tech-nologischer Innovationen, vor allem aber begleiten sie diese. Sie zielen insbesondere auf eine Steigerung der Unternehmenseffizienz. Allerdings belegt diese Studie auch, dass nicht-technologische Innovationen abhängig von der Unternehmensgröße, der Branche und auch der Gruppenzugehörigkeit sind: So sind eigenständige KMU seltener innovativ als solche die zu einer Unternehmensgruppe gehören. Dagegen unterscheiden sich große mittelständische Unternehmen in dieser Hinsicht nicht von anderen Großunternehmen. |
| Abstract: | Although the German Mittelstand is usually considered as inventive and flexible, a growing innovation gap seems to open up. Based on the CIS-datapool, this study analyses the innovation participation of Mittelstand companies/SMEs with a special focus on non-technological innovations. It becomes clear that non-technological innovation is more widespread than technological innovation. A restriction to technological innovations underestimates the innovation dynamics of Mittelstand companies/SMEs. Non-technological innovations pave the way for technological innovations, above all they often accompany them. They particularly aim at increasing business efficiency. Non-technological innovations depend on enterprise size, industry and also on the affiliation to an enterprise group. Independent SMEs are less innovative than those which are part of a group, whereas large Mittelstand companies do not differ from other large enterprises. |
| Keywords: | KMU,Mittelstand,nicht-technologische Innovationen,Deutschland,SME,German Mittelstand,non-technological Innovation,Germany |
| JEL: | L25 O31 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifmmat:250&r=cse |
| By: | Jens K. Perret (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW)) |
| Abstract: | At the core of every national innovation system two concepts are of central importance: The generation and the diffusion of innovations and ergo knowledge; on the one hand inside the system itself and on the other across the system's borders. The present study picks up on the aspect of knowledge generation in the context of the Russian Federation. An extended knowledge production function is estimated on the basis of Russian regional data and it is shown that the Russian NIS, nationally as well as internationally, is functional, however, not all channels of knowledge transfer work as efficiently as those in comparable Western European countries. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Production Function, Russian Federation, National Innovation System, Panel Econometrics, Regional Economics, Patent Data |
| JEL: | O31 R11 R15 P25 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:eiiwdp:disbei217&r=cse |
| By: | Jaan Masso; Priit Vahter |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates knowledge spillovers through labour mobility from multinational enterprises (MNEs) to domestic firms. Despite the recent increased interest in this particular channel of MNE spillovers, there is a need to understand how such effects of managerial labour mobility from MNEs function in more detail. Based on employer-employee level data from Estonia, we find that higher firm and individual-level performance associated with hiring MNE-experienced managers and top specialists especially tends to reflect the export experience of these employees. A channel for how these spillovers function appears to be the increase in the propensity to export by domestic firms. The contribution of external international experience is especially strong in the first stages of the internationalisation of a firm and for entry into nearby markets. There is no evidence of the effects of MNE experience on the intensity of exports. |
| Keywords: | multinational enterprise, knowledge spillovers, export entry, labour mobility |
| JEL: | F10 F23 J62 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtk:febawb:99&r=cse |
| By: | Generalova Svetlana Vladimirovna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | The article shows the results of the analysis of the competitiveness of the national economy. The conclusion that the state strategic planning in the Russian Federation should be focused on improving the competitiveness of the national economy. List the main strategic decisions aimed at improving the competitiveness of the national economy. |
| Keywords: | Strategic planning, competitiveness, national economy |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:g9165&r=cse |
| By: | Generalova Svetlana Vladimirovna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration); Shcherbakov Vladimir Aleksandrovich (Saratov Socio-Economic Institute); Voronov Anton Sergeevich (Institute of Agricultural Problems) |
| Abstract: | The necessity of a strategic planning focus on improving the competitiveness of the national economy. The results of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the national economy with the use of the tracer method. The main way of economic development aimed at the conclusion of the national economy on a path of rapid and sustainable growth.. |
| Keywords: | strategic planning, national economy, geopolitical instability |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:g9167&r=cse |
| By: | Coelli, Federica; Moxnes, Andreas; Ulltveit-Moe, Karen-Helene |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effect of trade policy during the Great Liberalization of the 1990s on innovation in over 60 countries using international firm-level patent data. The empirical strategy exploits ex-ante differences in firms' exposure to countries and industries, allowing us to construct firm-specific measures of tariffs. This provides asource of variation that enables us to establish the causal impact of trade policy on innovation. Our results suggest that trade liberalization has economically significant effects on innovation and, ultimately, on technical change and growth. According to our estimates, about 7 percent of the increase in knowledge creation during the 1990s can be explained by trade policy reforms. Furthermore, we find that the increase in patenting reflects innovation, rather than simply more protection of existing knowledge. Both improved market access and more import competition contribute to the positive innovation response to trade liberalization. |
| Keywords: | innovation; patents; trade liberalization |
| JEL: | F0 F1 F13 F6 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11506&r=cse |
| By: | Federica Coelli; Andreas Moxnes; Karen Helene Ulltveit-Moe |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effect of trade policy during the Great Liberalization of the 1990s on innovation in over 60 countries using international firm-level patent data. The empirical strategy exploits ex-ante differences in firms' exposure to countries and industries, allowing us to construct firm-specific measures of tariffs. This provides a source of variation that enables us to establish the causal impact of trade policy on innovation. Our results suggest that trade liberalization has economically significant effects on innovation and, ultimately, on technical change and growth. According to our estimates, about 7 percent of the increase in knowledge creation during the 1990s can be explained by trade policy reforms. Furthermore, we find that the increase in patenting reflects innovation, rather than simply more protection of existing knowledge. Both improved market access and more import competition contribute to the positive innovation response to trade liberalization. |
| JEL: | F0 F1 F13 F6 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22647&r=cse |
| By: | Hof, Franz X.; Prettner, Klaus |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impact of status preferences on technological progress and long-run economic growth within an R&D-based framework. For this purpose, we extend the standard relative wealth approach by allowing the various assets held by households to differ with respect to their status relevance. Relative wealth preferences imply that the effective rate of return on saving in the form of a particular asset is the sum of its market rate of return and its status-related extra return. We show that the status relevance of shares issued by entrants to finance the purchase of new technologies is of crucial importance for long-run growth: First, an increase in the intensity of the quest for status raises the steady-state economic growth rate only if the status-related extra return of these shares is strictly positive. Second, for any given degree of status consciousness, the long-run economic growth rate depends positively on the relative status relevance of shares issued by entrants. Third, while the decentralized long-run economic growth rate is less than its socially optimal counterpart in the standard model, wealth externalities reduce this distortion. |
| Keywords: | status concerns,relative wealth,technological progress,long-run economic growth,social optimality |
| JEL: | D31 D62 O10 O30 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hohdps:122016&r=cse |
| By: | Birk, Erica G. (University of Oregon); Lee, Logan M. (Grinnell College); Waddell, Glen R. (University of Oregon) |
| Abstract: | A large literature attempts to identify factors that contribute to gender differences in performance and in the decision to compete. We exploit a highly competitive environment in which elite-female athletes are exposed to the presence of men without the element of direct competition, which allows for the identification of psychological effects of competition. Our results suggest that the presence of men affects the performance of female runners differentially across ability, with negative performance effects being concentrated among lower-ability runners. |
| Keywords: | competition, competitiveness, athlete, gender |
| JEL: | J16 D01 D03 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10184&r=cse |
| By: | Tatiane Guimarães (PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12, ESIEE PARIS - Université Paris-Est); Luciana Castro-Gonçalves (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12, ESIEE PARIS - Université Paris-Est); Glaucia Vasconcellos Vale (PUC Minas - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais) |
| Abstract: | The communities of practice literature offer the potential cooperation space for the development of the open innovation, principally to the organization likes the startups that suffer from lack of resources to deal with the risks and uncertainties related to their project. This cooperation logic can, however, meet the competition logic confronting this population. In this paper, we investigate how communities of practice of innovative startups manage the challenge of this paradoxical logic related to the coopetition. The multilevel analysis of the communities of practice of San Pedro Valley in Brazil allows us to understand the effects of coopetition on the community functioning, but also at the innovation ecosystem and across the city in which this evolves. |
| Keywords: | innovation process, communities of practices,communauté,Coopétition |
| Date: | 2016–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01345645&r=cse |
| By: | Pietro Moncada-Paternò-Castello (European Commission – JRC) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the sectoral dynamics of the major economies during the last decade through the lens of the top 1000 R&D investors worldwide and looks at how firms’ demographics are related to sector distribution. In doing so, it contributes to the literature on the EU corporate R&D intensity gap as well as on that on industrial dynamics. Contrary to the common understanding, the results show that in the EU the distribution of R&D among sectors has changed more than in the USA, which has experienced a shift mainly towards ICT-related sectors. In both the EU and the USA the pace of R&D change is slower than in the emerging economies. Furthermore, the EU has been better able than the USA and Japan to maintain its world share of R&D investment. Even more interestingly, the results show that age is strongly related to the sector (and dominant technology) in which firms operate. This suggests that focusing on sector (technological) dynamics could be even more relevant from a policy perspective than focusing only on young leading innovators. In fact, EU firms are less able to create or enter new high-tech sectors in a timely way and fully exploit the growth opportunities offered by first mover advantages. |
| Keywords: | Corporate R&D, sector dynamics, firms’ age, EU R&D intensity deficit |
| JEL: | O30 O32 O38 O57 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201606&r=cse |
| By: | Tanya Araújo; Elsa Fontainha |
| Abstract: | Gender differences in collaborative research have received little attention when compared with the growing importance that women hold in academia and research. Unsurprisingly, most of bibliometric databases have a strong lack of directly available information by gender. Although empirical-based network approaches are often used in the study of research collaboration, the studies about the influence of gender dissimilarities on the resulting topological outcomes are still scarce. Here, networks of scientific subjects are used to characterize patterns that might be associated to five categories of authorships which were built based on gender. We find enough evidence that gender imbalance in scientific authorships brings a peculiar trait to the networks induced from papers published in Web of Science (WoS) indexed journals of Economics over the period 2010-2015 and having at least one author affiliated to a Portuguese institution. Our results show the emergence of a specific pattern when the network of co-occurring subjects is induced from a set of papers exclusively authored by men. Such a male-exclusive authorship condition is found to be the solely responsible for the emergence that particular shape in the network structure. This peculiar trait might facilitate future network analyses of research collaboration and interdisciplinarity. Key Words : co-occurrence networks, gender, research collaboration, interdisciplinarity, bibliometrics, minimum spanning tree |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:isegwp:wp172016&r=cse |
| By: | Sarkar, Avijit; Pick, James B.; Johnson, Jeremy |
| Abstract: | This exploratory empirical study examines the extent of differences in information and communication technology (ICT) utilization among the various countries of Africa. This paper also enhances understanding of factors that impact ICT utilization and the digital divide in African countries. In contrast to previous empirical studies, we include more advanced forms of ICT such as broadband and social media technologies. In our conceptual model of ICT utilization, known as Spatially Aware Technology Utilization Model (SATUM), five dependent variables are posited to be associated with eighteen demographic, socio-economic, education, technology tariff, societal openness, infrastructure, and ICT services competitiveness variables. ICT utilization dependent variables are spatially analyzed to determine patterns of agglomeration or randomness, and regression residuals are tested for the presence of spatial bias. We determine that laws that relate to the use of ICTs is a dominant predictor of all forms of ICT utilization, a novel finding. The effectiveness of a national parliament/congress as a lawmaking institution is significantly associated with modern (broadband) as well as legacy forms (fixed telephones) of ICT. This is consistent with prior literature which emphasizes the role of national governments in Africa in framing ICT sector policies for investment, privatization, deregulation, and providing access in underserved areas. For a smaller sample of nations that excludes high utilization ICT nations of Africa, ICT laws have a somewhat reduced effect for two forms of ICT. However gross national income per capita is determined to a dominant predictor for three ICTs and mobile tariffs is negatively associated with mobile cellular subscribers. The findings are intuitive and mostly well supported by previous literature. Policy implications for African nations are provided. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsr15:146339&r=cse |
| By: | Grazia Cecere; Nicoletta Corrocher; Maria Luisa Mancusi (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) |
| Abstract: | Financial constraints have an important impact on the development of eco-innovations, but their effect varies according to the type of funds taken into account. This article studies the impact of the lack of funds on the development of eco-innovations, distinguishing between internal, external and public funds. In particular, we investigate the interaction between public funding, on the one hand, and internal and other external sources of funding. The empirical analysis is based upon a sample of European SMEs belonging to different sectors that are involved in products, processes and organizational eco-innovations. Our results show that a lack of internal funding always decreases the probability to introduce eco-innovations, while the lack of private external funds does not appear to hinder the development of eco-innovations. Interestingly, we find that access to public funds or incentives is effective in improving a firm’s ability to introduce eco-innovations, but only when the firm is not short of funds (either from internal or external sources), thus suggesting that public funds are somewhat complementary to other funds. Further analysis shows that these effects are mostly relevant in small firms. |
| Keywords: | eco-innovations, public funding, financial constraints, SMEs. |
| JEL: | O31 Q55 G38 |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie1:def046&r=cse |