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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2011‒11‒07
twenty-two papers chosen by Joao Jose de Matos Ferreira University of the Beira Interior |
| By: | Lööf , Hans (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Johansson, Börje (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the contribution to productivity of firms’ internal innovation efforts and spatially-specific factors. A dynamic GMM-estimator is applied to a panel of close to 3,000 firms located in 81 Swedish regions and observed over a 10-year period. The magnitude of benefits from the knowledge milieu of an agglomeration is sizeable, but varies between firms depending on their particular R&D-strategy and location within a metropolitan region. |
| Keywords: | R&D; innovation-strategy; productivity; metropolitan; externalities |
| JEL: | C23 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2011–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0260&r=cse |
| By: | Matthias Duschl (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg); Antje Schimke (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)); Thomas Brenner (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg); Dennis Luxen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)) |
| Abstract: | In this paper the relationship between firm growth and external knowledge sources, such as related firms and universities, is studied. The spatial characteristics of these relationships are examined by geolocating firms into a more realistic relational space using travel time distances and using flexible distance decay function specifications. This approach properly accounts for growth relevant knowledge spillovers and allows for estimating their spatial range and functional form. Applying quantile regression techniques on a large sample of German manufacturing firms, we show that the impact of external factors substantially differ along firms’ size, type of knowledge source and growth level. |
| Keywords: | Firm growth, external factors, universities, agglomeration, space, spatial range, distance decay functions, knowledge spillovers, high growth firms, quantile regression |
| JEL: | C31 D92 L25 R11 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2011-03&r=cse |
| By: | Catherine Beaudry |
| Abstract: | Using the four Biotechnology Uses and Development surveys of Statistics Canada, we analyse the relative importance of funding and support as well as collaboration and contracting, R&D and IP strategies on the propensity to patent of Canadian biotechnology firms. Our model accounts for the potential endogeneity due to the simultaneity of some of these strategies. Controlling for various firm characteristics, the stage of development of the firm and the sources of its revenues, we find that collaboration with other firms does matter for patenting, as well as R&D, even when controlling for potential endogeneity. IP strategies and contracting out activities also increase the propensity of a firm to patent. And so does angel and venture capital funding. <P> |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Patents, Collaboration, Contracts, R&D, Biotechnology, |
| Date: | 2011–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2011s-62&r=cse |
| By: | Okamuro, Hiroyuki; Nishimura, Junichi |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a detailed comparison of the following five cases of Japanese and European clusters in biotechnology: (1) Kobe Biomedical Innovation Cluster (KBIC) in Kobe (Japan), (2) Fuji Pharma Valley Cluster in Shizuoka Prefecture (Japan), (3) BioM Biotech Cluster in Munich (Germany), (4) BioRegion Rhine-Neckar in Heidelberg (Germany), and (5) Alsace BioValley Cluster in Strasbourg (France). We pay special attention to the cluster policy and its management by each region's core cluster management organization. Information on the focal clusters and the management of cluster policies has been obtained through interviews with the cluster directors and core staff in 2010 and 2011. We find several similarities and differences among the five cases of Japanese and European clusters. We also discuss how the management of cluster policies by the core management organizations may be related with the performance of regional clusters. |
| Keywords: | management, cluster policy, regional cluster, R&D, biotechnology, international comparison |
| JEL: | O32 O38 R58 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2011-7&r=cse |
| By: | Uchikawa, Shuji |
| Abstract: | In India, as the production of passenger cars increased, many local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) entered the parts and components manufacturing sector. The sources of knowledge for large enterprises and SMEs are different. Naturally, spillover effects among large enterprises and between large enterprises and SMEs are different. This paper focuses on knowledge spillover among large enterprises and from large enterprises to SMEs. Subcontractor can absorb relation-specific skills through repeated interaction with parent company. The results of field survey emphasizes that relation-specific skills are a determinant factor of spillover effects from assemblers and large auto component manufacturers to SMEs. Econometric analysis shows that spillover effects among medium and large automobile units and from medium and large automobile units to small units went beyond boundary of cluster. |
| Keywords: | India, Automobile industry, Industrial technology, Automobile, Technology, Spillover, Small and medium enterprises |
| JEL: | L62 O33 O53 |
| Date: | 2011–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper303&r=cse |
| By: | Yasusada Murata (Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University); Ryo Nakajima (Department of Economics, Yokohama National University); Ryosuke Okamoto (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies); Ryuichi Tamura (Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba) |
| Abstract: | The existence of localized knowledge spillovers found by Jaffe, Trajtenberg and Henderson (1993) has recently been challenged by Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005). To settle this debate, we develop a new approach by incorporating their concepts of control patents into the distance-based test of localization (Duranton and Overman, 2005). Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for each technology class while allowing for cross-boundary spillovers, unlike the existing literature where localization is detected at the state or metropolitan statistical area level. We find solid evidence supporting localized knowledge spillovers even when finer controls are used. We further relax the commonly made assumption of perfect controls, and show that the majority of technology classes exhibit localization unless hidden biases induced by imperfect controls are extremely large. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:11-11&r=cse |
| By: | Broekel, Tom; Schimke, Antje; Brenner, Thomas |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the contribution of cooperative and non-cooperative R&D subsidies to firm growth. Of particular interest is hereby firms' embeddedness into subsidized cooperation networks. For the empirical analysis we utilize an unbalanced panel of 2.199 German manufacturing firms covering the time period from 1999 to 2009. A dynamic panel estimation technique is employed to control for growth autocorrelation as well as endogeneity. Our findings show that non-cooperative R&D subsidies have a stimulating impact on large firms' employment growth. In contrast being engaged in many subsidized cooperation is related to significant growth-reducing effects. In the case of large firms, exceptions are subsidized cooperation with geographically distant firms, which can positively influence employment growth. For small firms, rather interactions with research organizations are found to facilitate their development. -- |
| Keywords: | R&D subsidies,cooperation network,firm growth,serial correlation |
| JEL: | H25 J23 D85 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitwps:34&r=cse |
| By: | M. Carree; A. Della Malva; E. Santarelli |
| Abstract: | New entrepreneurial ventures may represent a viable and effective mechanism to transform academic knowledge into regional economic growth. We test this notion for the Italian provinces between 2001 and 2006. We evaluate three outputs of academic activities: teaching, research and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) activities management. New ventures may be able to transform the mentioned outputs into improved economic performance. The findings show that the effects of academic outputs on provincial economic growth (all sectors) are appreciable when they are associated with sustained entrepreneurial activities in the province. It suggests that academic inquiry may provide new ventures with valuable commercial opportunities overseen by established companies. |
| JEL: | I23 O18 O34 R11 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp793&r=cse |
| By: | Francesco Venturini |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses whether the most important R&D technologies at the roots of second-generation Schumpeterian growth theories are consistent with patenting and innovation statistics. Using US manufacturing industry data, we estimate various systems of simultaneous equations modeling the innovation functions underlying growth frameworks based on variety expansion, diminishing technological opportunities and rent protection activities. Our evidence indicates that innovation functions characterized by the increasing difficulty of R&D activity fit US data better. This finding relaunches the debate on the soundness of the new Schumpeterian strand of endogenous growth literature. |
| Keywords: | R&D, patenting, Schumpeterian growth, US manufacturing. |
| JEL: | O31 O41 O42 |
| Date: | 2011–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pia:wpaper:94/2011&r=cse |
| By: | Tomas Havranek; Zuzana Irsova |
| Abstract: | The voluminous empirical research on horizontal productivity spillovers from foreign investors to domestic firms has yielded mixed results. In this paper, we collect 1,205 estimates of horizontal spillovers from the literature and examine which factors influence spillover magnitude. To identify the most important determinants of spillovers among 43 collected variables, we employ Bayesian model averaging. Our results suggest that horizontal spillovers are on average zero, but that their sign and magnitude depend systematically on the characteristics of the domestic economy and foreign investors. The most important determinants are the technology gap between domestic and foreign firms and the ownership structure in investment projects. Foreign investors who form joint ventures with domestic firms and who come from countries with a modest technology edge create the largest benefits for the domestic economy. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian model averaging, determinants, foreign direct investment, meta-analysis, productivity spillovers. |
| JEL: | F23 O12 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnb:wpaper:2011/07&r=cse |
| By: | James Bessen; Alessandro Nuvolari |
| Abstract: | This chapter documents instances from past centuries where inventors freely shared knowledge of their innovations with other inventors. It is widely believed that such knowledge sharing is a recent development, as in Open Source Software. Our survey shows, instead, that innovators have long practiced ?collective invention? at times, including in such key technologies as steam engines, iron, steel, and textiles. Generally, innovator behavior was substantially richer than the heroic portrayal often found in textbooks and museums. Knowledge sharing sometimes coexisted with patenting, at other times, not, suggesting the importance of policy that accommodates knowledge sharing to foster cumulative innovation. |
| Keywords: | technological change, knowledge sharing, collective invention, patents |
| JEL: | N70 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2011–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2011/21&r=cse |
| By: | Kuroiwa, Ikuo; Nabeshima, Kaoru; Tanaka, Kiyoyasu |
| Abstract: | The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries. |
| Keywords: | East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, Technological innovations, Industrial technology, Patents, Technology transfer, Electronics, Telecommunication, Innovation network, Patent statistics |
| JEL: | L6 L63 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper285&r=cse |
| By: | Heyder, Matthias; Theuvsen, Ludwig |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to identify the strategies and instruments that agribusiness companies currently use to cope with the globalisation of agricultural markets. This aim is achieved by means of presenting the empirical results of an online and telephone survey that was undertaken between April and August 2010 with the participation of 113 German agribusiness firms. The majority of respondents expect that the importance of the markets in the BRIC countries will increase remarkably in the future. For developing international business activities, comparatively simple strategies such as direct and indirect exports via domestic and international traders are most widely used. This may be the result of challenges the agribusiness companies are facing in the context of handling international markets, especially in BRIC countries. -- |
| Keywords: | agribusiness,internationalisation,firm strategy,BRIC |
| JEL: | Q13 L10 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamo11:22&r=cse |
| By: | De Silva, Dakshina G.; Hubbard, Timothy P.; McComb, Robert P.; Schiller, Anita R. |
| Abstract: | Economists have, for some time, studied the factors that induce firm entry, lead to growth, and help firms succeed in various markets. Unfortunately, such patterns have not been considered for the so-called "green industries." Although policymakers might like to stimulate development of the green sectors in encouraging sustainable growth, one difficulty has been defining exactly what constitutes the green economy. We employ a recent, narrow definition proposed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate and identify important factors for the green industries within the State of Texas. We find some differences between the green industries and all other industries, but these effects are often small relative to other major explanatory factors like agglomeration. The definition also partitions the green industry into five subcategories and we leverage this feature to study the importance of these factors for the intra-green industries and to identify the comparative advantage each county has within the green economy. |
| Keywords: | Green industry; firm entry; employment growth; firm survival |
| JEL: | R30 O49 Q56 |
| Date: | 2011–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34412&r=cse |
| By: | Nabeshima, Kaoru; Tanaka, Kiyoyasu |
| Abstract: | The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using U.S. patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw gradual changes, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common fields of prominent technology are electronics and semiconductors. Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronics technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries. Together with our prior work, the Japanese and U.S. data produce similar conclusions about innovation networks. |
| Keywords: | East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, United States, Industrial technology, Technological innovations, Patents, Electronics, Innovation Network, Patent Statistics, Korea |
| JEL: | O31 O33 L6 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper297&r=cse |
| By: | LUCIANO MARTINS COSTA PÓVOA; Márcia SiqueiraRapini |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:149&r=cse |
| By: | Thorsten Grohsjean; Tobias Kretschmer; Nils Stieglitz |
| Abstract: | Combining insights from the behavioral theory of the firm and the resource-based view we investigate the antecedents of strategic change in fast-changing environments. We hypothesize the independent and joint effects of performance feedback and of flexible and specific resources on strategic change. Using an unbalanced panel of 493 publisher-year observations we find that negative performance feedback triggers more strategic change. Further, while flexible resources have no direct influence on strategic change they weaken the negative relationship between performance feedback and strategic change. Finally, we find that larger stocks of specific resources lead to less strategic change. |
| Keywords: | Performance feedback; strategic change; resource-based-view; video game industry |
| JEL: | L21 L82 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aal:abbswp:11-02&r=cse |
| By: | NAGAOKA, Sadao; IGAMI, Masatsura; WALSH, John P.; IJICHI, Tomohiro |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:iirwps:11-09&r=cse |
| By: | DAVID KUPFER; Ana Paula Avellar |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:151&r=cse |
| By: | ARSLAN, Aykut |
| Abstract: | Contrary to popular belief which sees the government as reactive and resistant to change, the increasing emergence of innovative ideas particularly in the field of local services yielded a wide range of interactions. This was due to address new policy challenges, improve productivity, better serve and more fully engage a changing citizenry. Practicing new ideas triggered more innovativeness. The paradigm of NPM and later the phenomenon of e-government are well studied. However, the relationship among innovative management practices and their impact on e-government performances require a deeper understanding. Thus, our paper seeks to shed some light on this issue by exploring what type of local services were transformed online and at what level. Then, in accordance with the organizational dynamics of innovation, we developed hypotheses to inquire the impact of innovative management practices on local e-government performance of Turkish provinces. Mann-Whitney U statistics were carried out to find out which of the groups that were statistically significant different from one another. The results indicated significant findings. The provincial local governments which adopted innovative management practices tend to have higher local e-government performances. |
| Keywords: | Local e-governments; Turkish provinces; new public management; public innovation; Turkey |
| JEL: | H7 O33 O31 |
| Date: | 2011–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34368&r=cse |
| By: | Joilson Dias; John McDermott |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:83&r=cse |
| By: | Catarina Cardoso (School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, UK); Eric J. Pentecost (School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, UK) |
| Abstract: | Potentially one of the most important determinants of regional economic growth and convergence is human capital, although due to a lack of data this factor is frequently omitted from econometric studies. In contrast, this paper constructs three measures of human capital at the NUTS III regional level for Portugal for the period 1991-2008 and then includes these variables in regional growth regressions. The results show that both secondary and higher levels of education have a significant positive effect on regional growth rates which may be regarded as supportive of Portuguese education policy, which over the last three decades has attempted to raise the regional human capital by locating higher education institutions across the country. |
| Keywords: | Human capital, Regional convergence, GMM |
| JEL: | C23 I21 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lbo:lbowps:2011_03&r=cse |