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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Bitros, George; Minoglou, Ioanna |
| Abstract: | Our objective here is to establish the proposition that creative entrepreneurship gives rise to a market order which is optimally adjusted to facilitate the introduction and the diffusion of innovations, particularly those that take the form of new markets, new organizational schemes, new management devices and new methods and means of doing business. To substantiate this claim we extract from the existing historical literature and employ the ideal type entrepreneurial method of the Greek diaspora network. The interpretation we offer is that this method showed a high degree of operational flexibility and institutional adaptability and that it is these two proper-ties that explain its marked tenacity over time. The key ingredient for its success is traced to the self-regulatory robustness of the network, which was secured by the commitment of its partners to a moral order based on the triptych of ‘trust, reliability and reciprocity’ as well as to their ac-ceptance in advance of the sanctions in case of transgressions. Moreover, the embeddedness of the branches of the network in the Greek communities abroad, called Paroikies, where the Greek Orthodox Church provided moral leadership and maintained the community ties, reinforced the adherence of network partners to the rules of ethical business conduct. But in our view the domi-nant force in the design of the core mechanism that made the Greek diaspora network such a suc-cess was entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; Institutions; Networks; International Business Organizations |
| JEL: | N84 L22 N83 L14 |
| Date: | 2006–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:573&r=cse |
| By: | Dante Mendes Aldrighi; Alessandro Vinicius Marques de Oliveira |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2006:61&r=cse |
| By: | Quatraro Francesco (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | University is becoming the beam of the new emerging mode of governance of the generation and dissemination of knowledge as it reveals remarkable institutional advantages both to provide a solution to the knowledge trade-off and to reduce agency costs. The typical academic labor relation emerges as an appropriate institutional device to handle the principal-agent problems when creative talents are required. The unique institutional setup of the academic system creates the supply of certified skills that are ready to operate on a professional base. Such academic consultants can be paid on an ex-post per job base matching their variable costs only. This supply leads to the creation of a specific market for research services where the demand is provided by the knowledge outsourcing of corporations. |
| Date: | 2006–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200603&r=cse |
| By: | Hałaj, Grzegorz; Żochowski, Dawid |
| Abstract: | The paper provides results of research concerning identification of strategic groups in the Polish banking sector and tests of the usefulness of these groups in the assessment of financial stability. The theory of strategic groups predicts the existence of stable groups of companies, stemming from the strategy adopted by them. The theory also predicts that groups differ in performance. Our empirical research, preceded by a review of relevant literature, has been carried out on the basis of a cluster analysis with the use of Ward’s algorithm that optimises allocation of banks into groups. We have identified strategic groups in the Polish banking sector, sustained over time after the year 2000. We have also observed statistically significant differences in performance between banks belonging to different groups, and we have demonstrated further that modelling of profitability within groups with the use of regression yields more precise estimates of parameters than in the case of estimation of a model for the whole sector. Thus, breaking down the whole banking sector into strategic groups creates a possibility to forecast the banking sector earnings in a more precise way, i.e. to provide a more precise ex ante assessment of stability of the financial system. |
| Keywords: | Strategic groups; financial stability; clustering; Ward algorithm |
| JEL: | C49 L1 G21 |
| Date: | 2006–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:326&r=cse |
| By: | Antonelli Cristiano (University of Turin); Patrucco Pier Paolo (University of Turin); Quatraro Francesco (University of Turin) |
| Date: | 2006–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200609&r=cse |
| By: | Callegati Enrico; Grandi Silvia |
| Abstract: | The territorial agglomeration of interdependent enterprises has a positive influence on the competitiveness, the performance and the development of national economies. This is a widely accepted intuition in economie theory, and it dates back to the works of Alfred Marshall. In particular, these phenomena have been depicted through the theoretical framework of the "IndustriaI Districts". Another signifieant impulse to the debate was provided by the GREMI (Groupe de Recherche Européen sur les Milieux Innovateurs), through the concepì of milieu innovateur. Later, Michael Porter's studies and dissemination works granted great visibility to the dynamics of agglomeration of industries, which since then afe better known among policy makers as "clusters". At any rate, the importance of the cultural element in the concepts of "cluster", milieu, and "district" is undeniable. This is evident also when observing the phenomenon from a historieal perspective. Evidence shows that the strength of a loeal economie system, and its eapacity to grow and 10 innovate, afe closely related 10 the pattern of knowledge (thus cultural) stratifieation, to the territory itself and to learning eapacity. Moreover, one can observe that cultural socioeconomie elements afe embedded in technology, thus they play a key role when considering the dynamics of innovation process and growth opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With this respect, the paper wìll present some relevant case studies of technical assistance earried out by in the field of industriai cooperation with several non-ED Mediterranean countries. In particular, the paper will present those case studies where initiatives were sei up with a view 10 encourage cluster dynamics in regions (i.e. Aleppo, Syria or Yazd, Iran), where the main sector of activity (textile and clothing industry) is his1orically and culturally based. In particular, several factors were involved, such as the cohesion of stakeholders for the creation of innovation, the development of new products, and the competìtive advantages for the loeal productìve system. The project approach and its conclusions confirm the fundamental role of culture and culture-based activities in the process of economie development, especially when considering SMEs, where culture represents both an embedded strategie foundatìon for the creation of cluster dynamics, and a signifieant potential for their future development affecting innovation trajectories. |
| Date: | 2005–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:eblawp:200503&r=cse |
| By: | Kumar, Sudesh |
| Abstract: | After the 18th century India has been creating a ground for the SSI industry and they started taking shape of clusters. Headings Introduction and Background provides a bird’s eye view on the background of SSI clusters in India. Chapter one sets forth the literature that is relevant to understand the concept behind successful industry clusters. An effort is made to take a look at factors embedded in regional economies of and concept behind the SSIs clusters. Chapter Two focuses on the peculiarity of sickness in Indian SSI clusters taking an example of UNIDO’s cluster reformation program. Next Chapter Three is based on research and findings on famous Textile cluster of India, Tirupur. Later, Chapter Four of this paper integrates discussions on various elements of the Tirupur industry cluster based on interviews findings with entrepreneurs, using one particular industry cluster in achieving development. It deals with the some elements of Tirupur Cluster that is not paid attention to under the common cluster development program. Chapter Five highlights the selected and major policy implications affecting the SSIs clusters and finally there is the conclusion. |
| Keywords: | Industry Cluster; Development; Economics; Small Scale Industry |
| JEL: | O10 |
| Date: | 2005–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:171&r=cse |
| By: | Moheyuddin, Ghulam |
| Abstract: | This paper Explain the rationale for incorporating gender in PRS and describing the three-step process to incorporating gender into poverty reduction strategies. It also analyzes the different tools and methods available to identify gender issues in poverty analysis? And discuss the differences between the poverty constraints faced by the women and by men. The paper suggests methods that can be used to analyze gender differences? Finally the paper explains the Pakistan’s country-specific experiences regarding incorporating gender into PRS and discusses the differences between the theoretical aspects of the PRSP process versus the field experiences of the PRSP. |
| Keywords: | PRSP; Gender and Poverty Reduction; Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers; incorporating gender into PRSP |
| JEL: | J16 |
| Date: | 2005–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:684&r=cse |
| By: | Nelson S. de Carvalho Júnior; Ricardo Machado Ruiz |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2006:150&r=cse |
| By: | Saito, Tetsuya |
| Abstract: | Relative efficiencies of antebellum slave farms are suggested by many empirical studies. This paper considers a theoretical aspect of those results using a repeated principal-agent problem. Within its theoretical analysis, with relevance to profitability of slave farms, it will be shown that when inter-temporal punishments are necessary and when they can perform efficiently in production. Applying those theoretical results, some empirical studies on relative profitability and relative efficiencies are discussed. In the empirical study, relative efficiencies of each farm scale—free farms, task farms, and gang farms—are estimated region by region by a stochastic profit frontier model. |
| Keywords: | Relative efficiency of antebellum slave farms; repeated principal-agent problem; profit maximizing contracts; stick and carrot on plantations |
| JEL: | N51 C73 J41 C72 |
| Date: | 2005–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:181&r=cse |
| By: | Antonelli Cristiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper elaborates a theory of the firm that combines the intuitions of Edith Penrose with the analysis of localized technological knowledge. The analysis of the characteristics of knowledge indivisibility and of idiosyncratic factors pIay a key role in shaping the intentionai strategy of firms about the direction of technology strategies. The firm is viewed as a Iearning agent that, induced by market forces and buiIding upon Iearning processes, elaborates and impiements intentionally strategies of knowledge generation. These strategies include the necessary identification of the externai sources of compiementary technoiogicai knowledge and of the idiosyncratic production factors that is convenient to lise intensiveIy. Learning, in fact is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the generation of new knowledge. The anaIysis of the conditions for the intentional generation of technoiogicai and organizationai knowledge becomes crociato The analysis of the combined effects of internai Iearning, externai knowledge and intensive lise of idiosyncratic factors by means of the introduction of biased technological change CUlli intentional decisionmaking provides key inputs to understanding the path dependent and idiosyncratic features of the knowledge generated by the firm as the basis for its distinctive competences. |
| Date: | 2005–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200507&r=cse |
| By: | Kuura, Arvi |
| Abstract: | The main task of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. The idea proceeds from the book by Lundström and Stevenson (2001), in which the authors describe, analyse and discuss the development of entrepreneurship policy in ten economies — six EU Member States and four members of APEC. In some respects, this article strives to be a “missing chapter” in the aforementioned book concerning entrepreneurship policy in Estonia. It should be considered as an attempt to apply their approach to a country without a long history in SME development. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical background and goes on to examine entrepreneurship policy (or even economic policy) in Estonia. Examination of SME / entrepreneurship policy documents shows that Estonia is moving towards entrepreneurship policy, but with certain minor reservations. The current Estonian entrepreneurship policy may be regarded as a combination of an extension to SME policy and a holistic policy, the trend of development is towards the latter. The “old” (effective in 2002–2006) policy was almost SME policy and has been mentioned as a basis in the new (for 2007–2013) policy document, which is being prepared now. The policy structures followed the vertical model in the period 1996–2000 (and also earlier), but now Estonia is moving towards a horizontal or multi-ministerial model. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship Policy |
| JEL: | L53 |
| Date: | 2006–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:676&r=cse |
| By: | Aieda Batistela de Sirqueira; Aquiles Elie Guimarães Kalatzis |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2006:62&r=cse |
| By: | José Eduardo Cassiolato; Renato Ramos Campos; Fabio Stallivieri |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2006:64&r=cse |
| By: | Antonelli Cristiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | Information economics provides important tools to articulate an economics analysis of the generation and exploitation of localized technological knowledge. Localized technological knowledge is an emerging property of a system of learning and interacting agents where internal and external knowledge, inductive learning and deductive research afe essential, complementary and non-disposable inputs. As a result, localized technological knowledge is a highly heterogeneous dynamic process characterized by varying levels of appropriability, tacitness, and indivisibility, which take the fonns of complementarity and modularity, cumulability, compositeness, fungeability and organized with a variety of knowledge governance mechanisms. Infonnation economics provides basic guidance to elaborate an integrated framework able to understand the matching between types of knowledge and governance mechanisms bothi in generation and exploitation. |
| Date: | 2005–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200503&r=cse |
| By: | Antonelli Cristiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | Information economics provides important tools to articulate an economics analysis of the generation and exploitation of localized technological knowledge. Localized technological knowledge is an emerging property of a system of learning and interacting agents where internal and external knowledge, inductive learning and deductive research afe essential, complementary and non-disposable inputs. As a result, localized technological knowledge is a highly heterogeneous dynamic process characterized by varying levels of appropriability, tacitness, and indivisibility, which take the fonns of complementarity and modularity, cumulability, compositeness, fungeability and organized with a variety of knowledge governance mechanisms. Infonnation economics provides basic guidance to elaborate an integrated framework able to understand the matching between types of knowledge and governance mechanisms bothi in generation and exploitation. |
| Date: | 2005–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:200502&r=cse |
| By: | Singh, Lakhwinder |
| Abstract: | Abstract This paper attempts to set the significance of public innovation policies in contemporary developing countries in the context of the fast pace of globalization. It is fairly well established both in theory and practice that investment expenditure on innovation projects is likely to be low if left in the hands of private economic agents as they have a tendency to under-invest due to the ‘public good’ nature of the outcomes of R&D. However, policy in developing economies seldom takes seriously the importance of investment in innovation projects. This has not been without far-reaching implications for the growth and development performance of developing countries in general. The paper explores the role of international institutions and national governments in the task of strengthening national innovation systems through innovative interventions at national and international levels. |
| Keywords: | globalization of technology role of state knowledge gaps global public good innovative strategy developing countries international institutions intellectual property rights innovation policy |
| JEL: | O38 O34 O3 |
| Date: | 2006–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:641&r=cse |