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on Economics of Strategic Management |
| By: | Aija Leiponen |
| Abstract: | This study examines cooperative standard-setting in wireless telecommunications. Focusing on the competition among firms to influence formal standardization, the roles of standard-setting committees, private alliances, and technical consortia are highlighted. The empirical context is Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), an international standards development organization. Panel data analyses suggest that participation in external technical consortia significantly enhance firms’ contributions to the development of new specifications in 3GPP committees. Then, once a firm has become a central player in technical committees, it can further influence the standard-setting outcome through change requests to ongoing specifications. External alliances with fellow 3GPP members may also improve change request success. These results suggest that if firms in network technological industries want to influence the evolution of their industry, they should identify both formal standard-setting committees and external cooperative arrangements in which they can discuss, negotiate, and align positions on technical features with their peers. For policymakers, these results suggest that it is important to ensure that technical consortia remain open for all industry actors and that membership fees do not become prohibitive to small and resource-constraint players. |
| Keywords: | Standard setting, technology strategy, inter-firm networks |
| JEL: | L15 L41 L96 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2006–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1056&r=cse |
| By: | Moita, Rodrigo M. S. |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibm:ibmecp:wpe_59&r=cse |
| By: | David Cayla (ATOM - Analyse Théorique des Organisations et des Marchés - [Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I]) |
| Abstract: | In the traditional trade-off between internalization and externalization, economists tend to undervalue the role of intentionality (Williamson 1991) and to accord a dominant place to market coordinating devices (ex post coordination) compared to hierarchical coordinating devices (ex ante coordination). The aim of this paper is to show how the introduction of the concept of coherence, which is frequently invoked by economists in order to apprehend the firm specificities (Holmstrom 1999), may help to revaluate the trade-off between markets and firms in the advantage of the later. In particular, it will be shown that the attributes of coherence in ex post coordinating devices are fundamentally different from the ones that can be found in ex ante coordination systems. |
| Keywords: | coherence; ex post coordination; ex ante coordination; order; rules; abstract rules; concrete rules; Hayek; Bateson |
| Date: | 2006–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00110810_v1&r=cse |
| By: | Andrés Felipe Martínez |
| Abstract: | Los establecimientos industriales del Área Metropolitana de Cali presentan mayores problemas para consolidarse en los primeros años que siguen a su creación. En este trabajo se analiza el horizonte vital de las empresas de la cohorte de 1994 hasta el año 2003. Los procesos de consolidación empresarial de los establecimientos industriales varían según el tamaño inicial y las características de la industria donde operen. En particular, el ciclo de vida, el nivel de concentración de mercado y el régimen tecnológico de las industrias, determinan diversos escenarios de supervivencia para los nuevos establecimientos. A partir de la estimación de un modelo de duración, se estimo la probabilidad de supervivencia y el nivel de riesgo de los establecimientos industriales. Se encontró que las empresas enfrentan mayores barreras a la supervivencia cuando el sector donde deciden operar se encuentra en un etapa madura del ciclo de vida. De igual modo, las empresas pertenecientes a sectores industriales no concentrados presentan bajos niveles de supervivencia. Adicionalmente, el riesgo empresarial difiere según el tamaño inicial e la empresa, encontrándose una relación inversa entre el tamaño y la tasa de riesgo. |
| Date: | 2006–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:001039:002727&r=cse |
| By: | CARLOS ALBERTO AREÍZA V.; DIANA MADRIGAL; ANA MARÍA LEÓN |
| Abstract: | Digital Express es el caso de una empresa familiar que como muchas ha crecido con base en las fortalezas y visión de su propietaria fundadora, pero que en su estructura administrativa no se ha acomodado a las situaciones de los nuevos mercados que está atendiendo y a los requerimientos de sus clientes. Digital Express muestra la situación poco productiva a que se enfrentan las empresas familiares cuando el fundador sin darse cuenta del crecimiento que viene alcanzando su empresa continúa centrando todo el poder y realizando labores en todas las áreas. |
| Date: | 2005–04–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:001013:002695&r=cse |
| By: | Claro, D. P. |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibm:ibmecp:wpe_54&r=cse |
| By: | Alexander Tobon (EconomiX - [CNRS : UMR7166] - [Université de Paris X - Nanterre]) |
| Abstract: | Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la aplicación que tiene la regla Cantillon-Smith en la teoría marxista de la plusvalía y en la teoría del equilibrio general. En ambas, la regla actúa como un mecanismo de formación de precios de mercado monetarios. Para tal fin, explicamos dos modelos. El primero es un modelo Benetti-Cartelier con relaciones capitalistas, y el segundo, un modelo de equilibrio general walrasiano sin subastador. Luego de mostrar la operatividad de la regla en los dos, señalamos algunas de las ventajas y desventajas que ofrece su utilización como expresión de la compatibilidad de las decisiones descentralizadas de los agentes en una economía abstracta. |
| Keywords: | valor; dinero; plusvalía; salario; precio; desequilibrio |
| Date: | 2006–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00108173_v1&r=cse |
| By: | Augusto Rodriguez Orejuela |
| Abstract: | En los últimos años las relaciones de cooperación entre firmas han surgido como una nueva forma de organización de la producción que favorece los procesos de aprendizaje y transferencia de conocimiento interorganizacional. Estas formas de cooperación y en particular el conocimiento transferido se constituyen en una fuente de dotación complementaria de competencias que contribuyen al desempeño de la firma receptora. En este artículo se presenta un modelo integral para evaluar el desempeño de la firma, como consecuencia de la transferencia de conocimiento interorganizacional. |
| Date: | 2005–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:001013:002692&r=cse |
| By: | Heyman, Fredrik (Research Institute of Industrial Economics); Gustavsson Tingvall, Patrik (Stockholm School of Economics); Sjöholm, Fredrik (Stockholm School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Multinational firms pay relatively high wages. Less is known about the wage structure within multinational and non-multinational firms. We examine the impact of acquisitions on wage dispersion in Sweden using a large matched employer-employee data set. Foreign acquisitions of Swedish firms increase wage dispersion by increasing wages for high-skilled workers. The positive impact is concentrated to CEOs and managers, whereas other groups are either negatively affected or not affected at all. The impact on high-skilled workers’ wages seems to be caused by the acquisition rather than the ownership itself, since ownership changes from foreign to Swedish result in similar increases. |
| Keywords: | FDI; Multinational Companies; Foreign Ownership; Wage-Dispersion; Skill Groups; Matched Employer-Employee Data |
| JEL: | C23 F23 J31 |
| Date: | 2006–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0675&r=cse |
| By: | Gustavo A. Del Ángel Mobarak |
| Abstract: | Between 1945 and 1982 a network of interlocking directorates formed at the interior of the Mexican banking system. However, little work has been done to explore its implications. This paper proves that the network among bankers served to transfer information within the financial system and hence to reduce idiosyncratic risks. Using social network analysis with a database of the banks' boards, this paper presents computations of the centrality of the network. Degree and Eigenvalue centrality, used as measures for interconnection among banks, are then contrasted with indicators of financial performance for individual banks using a panel regression technique. |
| Date: | 2005–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deg:conpap:c010_041&r=cse |
| By: | Liliana Meza González; Ana Belén Mora Yague |
| Abstract: | Using the National Survey on Employment, Wages, Technology and Training (Enestyc), this paper tries to find the relationship between increasing trade and the proportion of total income Mexican manufacturing firms invest on R&D. Based on two cross-sectional and a panel estimation procedures, the results confirm the idea that increasing the exposure to foreign markets affect the innovative efforts of Mexican firms. We also find that the firms engaging in some kind of R&D do not conform a random sample. More specifically, our results show that, in 1992, the probability of finding a firm engaging resources in some kind of R&D increased with size, a market diversification measure, and a measure of industrial market power at a 2-digit level, while the intensity of the R&D effort depended, on market power and an industry concentration measure. For the 1999 estimation our results show that the probability of R&D investment at a firm level increased with size, a market diversification measure, and exposure to foreign competition, while the magnitude of the R&D effort of a firm was determined by the decrease in average import tariffs at the industry level and by the exporting efforts of the firm. We find strong complementarities between public and private innovation efforts in both years, but find that younger firms are doing stronger R&D efforts in 1999. The 1992- 99 balanced panel results show that exporting firms invest more in R&D while import competing firms invest less, once size, market power and other control variables are taken into account. Our estimation indicates that exporting give firms a great incentive to innovate, and that not only large, but also small firms contribute to the R&D efforts of a nation. |
| Keywords: | R&D, trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, exposure to foreing markets |
| Date: | 2005–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deg:conpap:c010_019&r=cse |
| By: | Frédérique Savignac (CREST-LMI - [Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique - Laboratoire de Microéconométrie]) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of financial constraints on innovation for established firms. We make use of a qualitative indicator of the existence of financial constraints based on firms' own assessment obtained thanks to a French specific survey. Thus, the existence of financial constraints for innovation is measured by a direct indicator whereas previous studies rely on proxies (like the cash-flow sensitivity) subject to interpretation problems. The descriptive analysis of balance sheet structures reveals that innovative firms without financial constraints have the best profile in terms of economic performances, financing structure and risk whereas non innovative firms facing financial constraints have the poorest profile. From the econometric point of view, the probabilities of implementing innovative projects and of facing financial constraints are simultaneously estimated by a recursive bivariate probit model to account for the endogeneity of the financial constraint variable. We then find that firms having innovative projects face financial constraints that significantly reduce the likelihood that they implement their innovative investment. The probability of facing financing constraints is explained by firms' ex ante financing structure and economic performances, by industry sector and it decreases with firms' size. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, financing constraints, recursive bivariate probit. |
| Date: | 2006–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00115717_v1&r=cse |
| By: | Aristides Olivares Mesa |
| Abstract: | La explosión rápida y muy reciente de los negocios internacionales a través de la World Wide Web cuestiona la validez del modelo de internacionalización lento y gradual de la escuela de Uppsala. Es necesario, por tanto, llevar a cabo una nueva estimación del modelo para determinar si debe continuar ocupando un lugar predominante en la enseñanza y en la investigación sobre negocios internacionales. Aplicando los modelos de duración a los datos procedentes de la Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales de los años 1990, 1994 y 1998 hemos obtenido unos resultados que confirman que el modelo de internacionalización por etapas sigue siendo aún válido. Sin embargo, la velocidad de paso de la empresa a través de las etapas que componen el proceso de internacionalización ha ido en aumento paulatinamente. |
| Date: | 2005–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:001013:002696&r=cse |
| By: | Christiaan van Laecke; Dirk Schoenmaker |
| Date: | 2006–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fmg:fmgsps:sp168&r=cse |
| By: | Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo; Blanco Mendialdua, Ana; Urionabarrenetxea Zabalandikoetxea, Sara |
| Abstract: | During the 1990s, Spain changed from a net recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) to one of the most important investors in Latin America. Fieldwork in this article identifies trends and directions of Spanish acquisitions, with an emphasis on the 1990 to 2001 period. An overview of the emergence of the Spanish MNC is followed by statistical analysis of their competitive (i.e. ownership) advantage as measured by the relative strength of market size, wage differentials and cultural affinity. This analysis helped in explaining the link between strategic decisions of the Spanish MNCs and their choice of geography and industrial sector. Empirical analysis finds Spanish MNCs responded to privatisation opportunities and to gain access to specific foreign markets rather than to an attempt to create global export platforms. |
| Keywords: | Latin America; FDI; Spanish MNC; Dunning |
| JEL: | F23 |
| Date: | 2001–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:929&r=cse |
| By: | Catherine Locatelli (LEPII - Laboratoire d'Economie de la Production et de l'Intégration Internationale - [CNRS : FRE2664] - [Université Pierre Mendès-France - Grenoble II]) |
| Abstract: | La stratégie de la principale compagnie gazière russe, Gazprom, se caractérise ces dernières années par une volonté marquée d'internationalisation. Deux principaux facteurs en témoignent : d'une part sa tentative de développer une stratégie globale d'exportation (vers l'Europe mais aussi l'Asie et les Etats Unis) et d'autre part sa politique d'acquisition d'actifs au travers d'investissements directs à l'étranger. Cette stratégie s'inscrit plus généralement dans le vaste mouvement de réorganisation de l'ensemble du secteur des hydrocarbures impulsé par l'Etat qui entend doter la Russie de grandes compagnies d'hydrocarbures capables de rivaliser avec les principales majors. |
| Keywords: | RESTRUCTURATION ; INDUSTRIE GAZIERE ; GAZPROM ; RUSSIE |
| Date: | 2006–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00115377_v1&r=cse |