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on China |
| By: | Weipan Xu; Yaofu Huang; Qiumeng Li; Yu Gu; Xun Li |
| Abstract: | Wide coverage and high-precision rural household wealth data is an important support for the effective connection between the national macro rural revitalization policy and micro rural entities, which helps to achieve precise allocation of national resources. However, due to the large number and wide distribution of rural areas, wealth data is difficult to collect and scarce in quantity. Therefore, this article attempts to integrate "sky" remote sensing images with "ground" village street view imageries to construct a fine-grained "computable" technical route for rural household wealth. With the intelligent interpretation of rural houses as the core, the relevant wealth elements of image data were extracted and identified, and regressed with the household wealth indicators of the benchmark questionnaire to form a high-precision township scale wealth prediction model (r=0.85); Furthermore, a national and township scale map of rural household wealth in China was promoted and drawn. Based on this, this article finds that there is a "bimodal" pattern in the distribution of wealth among rural households in China, which is reflected in a polarization feature of "high in the south and low in the north, and high in the east and low in the west" in space. This technological route may provide alternative solutions with wider spatial coverage and higher accuracy for high-cost manual surveys, promote the identification of shortcomings in rural construction, and promote the precise implementation of rural policies. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2502.12163 |
| By: | Asada, Hidekatsu |
| Abstract: | Determinants of regional foreign direct investment inflows in China from 2008 to 2019 are analysed in terms of the progress of the marketisation such as non-state-owned sectors’ share of output, investment and employment, the state of price controls in commodity markets, the state of development of factor markets such as finance and labour, and the state of development of the institutional system supporting the market economy system. Additionally, human capital development, infrastructure development and industrial structure are incorporated as control variables. Key results of the analysis of China’s regional FDI inflows include: 1) the progress of marketisation had a positive impact; 2) an increase in per capita GDP had a positive impact, and 3) the increase in the ratio of the secondary industry to GDP had a negative impact, while the tertiary industry had a positive impact. This result reflects the ongoing shift from vertical FDI in export-oriented labour-intensive manufacturing industries to horizontal FDI oriented toward sales to the local market. |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:4xu36_v1 |
| By: | Yan Li |
| Abstract: | The issue of local government debt is widely recognized as one of the "gray rhinos" affecting the stable development of China's economy. Government debt can transmit risks to local banks, which are among the primary holders of local debt, thereby triggering systemic financial risks. Consequently, exploring debt resolution pathways and evaluating the systematic effects of debt servicing policies has become critically important. This study employs panel data from 348 local commercial banks across 29 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2010 to 2023, and constructs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the impact of the State Council's special supervision of debt servicing on local bank risks. The findings indicate that the government's debt servicing policy essentially represents a shift of government debt from explicit to implicit forms, significantly increasing the risks faced by local banks and producing outcomes contrary to the policy's original intent. This effect is particularly pronounced for rural commercial banks and banks with high customer concentration and fewer branches. Mechanism analysis reveals two key insights. First, local banks are heavily influenced by local government control; the government's debt servicing requires banks to support the government by purchasing government bonds and other financial instruments, which leads to a deterioration in asset quality and an expansion of risk exposure. Second, government debt crowds out private credit from local banks, weakening the region's repayment capacity and ultimately increasing bank risk. Our research uncovers the counterintuitive effects of government debt servicing and offers corresponding policy recommendations. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2502.13423 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development-Debt Markets Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal & Monetary Policy Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Modeling and Statistics |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42697 |
| By: | Te Bao; John Duffy; Nobuyuki Hanaki |
| Abstract: | In the digital age, privacy in economic activities is increasingly threatened. In considering policies to address this threat, it is useful to gauge what value, if any, people attach to privacy in their economic activities: specifically, reputational concerns related to dishonest behavior. We assess individuals’ willingness to pay to avoid scrutiny of their potentially dishonest behavior in a simple coin flipping task, conducted in Japan, China, and the United States. Our findings reveal that people’s willingness to pay to “avoid the spotlight” is positive and economically sizable across all three countries and is largest in Japan. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1238rr |
| By: | Muffert, Johanna (FAU Erlangen Nuremberg); Winkler, Erwin (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg) |
| Abstract: | We study how the effects of exports on earnings vary across individual workers, depending on a wide range of worker, firm, and job characteristics. To this end, we combine a generalized random forest with an instrumental variable strategy. Analyzing Germany's exports to China and Eastern Europe, we document sharp disparities: workers in the bottom quartile (ranked by the size of the effect) experience little to no earnings gains due to exports, while those in the top quartile see considerable earnings increases. As expected, the workers who benefit the most on average are employed in larger firms and have higher skill levels. Importantly, however, we also find that workers with the largest earnings gains tend to be male, younger, and more specialized in their industry. These factors have received little attention in the previous literature. Finally, we provide evidence that the contribution to overall earnings inequality is smaller than expected. |
| Keywords: | machine learning, earnings, inequality, exports, skills, labor market |
| JEL: | C52 F14 J23 J24 J32 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17667 |
| By: | Yuan, Boning |
| Abstract: | Using panel data from 35 listed banks' annual reports and corporate social responsibility reports from 2009 to 2022 as a sample, this study empirically examines the impact of green credit on the performance of commercial banks and takes China Merchants Bank as the case analysis object. Based on the theory of green finance, this paper discusses the function mechanism of the effect of green credit on commercial banks by empirical method, heterogeneity analysis and robustness test. Then, using the specific business data of China Merchants Bank in the field of green credit and its business performance data, the paper further reveals the specific impact of green credit on the business performance of the bank. The research shows that commercial banks have improved their asset income ability through green credit, significantly enhanced their operating efficiency in social responsibility and risk control, and positively impacted the overall operating effect. Finally, this paper suggests that green credit can positively promote commercial banks' performance and point out a new path for the sustainable development and social responsibility of commercial banks. This research has not only contributed to theory but also provided important reference for practice. |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xk6ew_v1 |