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on China |
| By: | MOTOHASHI Kazuyuki; ZHU Chen |
| Abstract: | While innovation performance at country level has been analyzed using a variety of STI indicators, the relationship between them such as the patent-new product relationship is under-investigated. Historically, the relationship between technology and industrial output has been analyzed using technology-industry concordance matrices, but the granularity of output information is bounded by the industrial classification system. In this study, we use the text information in both patent and product-related keywords extracted from company’s web site contents to come up with detailed concordance information between technology and products, and compare them across three countries, China, Japan and the United States. First, we apply a dual attention model to extract product/service information from web page information. Then, using the textual information of both patent abstracts and product/service keywords, we develop a machine learning model to predict products/services from a particular type of technology. Then, we use this transformation model (from technology to product) to understand the difference in innovation processes of the three countries. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24075 |
| By: | Hambur Wang |
| Abstract: | Air pollution has emerged as a serious challenge for China, posing a threat to public health and hindering the progress of sustainable economic development. In response to air pollution and other environmental issues, the Chinese government introduced a new Environmental Protection Law in 2015. This paper investigates the impact of the new Environmental Protection Law's implementation and corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investments on air pollution and public subjective well-being. Using panel data at the macro level, we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) model, with Chinese provinces and municipalities as units of analysis, to examine the combined effects of the new Environmental Protection Law and changes in corporate ESG investment intensity. The study evaluates their impacts on air quality and public subjective well-being. Findings indicate that these policies and investment behaviors significantly improve public subjective well-being by reducing air pollution. Notably, an increase in ESG investment significantly reduces air pollution levels and is positively associated with enhanced well-being. These results underscore the critical role of environmental legislation and corporate social responsibility in improving public quality of life and provide empirical support for promoting sustainable development in China and beyond. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.06110 |
| By: | Hambur Wang |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of appearance discrimination in the labor market and whether education can mitigate this issue. A statistical analysis of approximately 1.058 million job advertisements in China from 2008 to 2010 found that about 7.7% and 2.6% of companies had explicit requirements regarding candidates' appearance and height, particularly in positions with lower educational requirements. Literature review indicates that attractive job seekers typically enjoy higher employment opportunities and wages, while unattractive individuals face significant income penalties. Regression analysis of 1, 260 participants reveals a significant positive correlation between attractiveness scores and wages, especially in low-education groups. Conversely, in high-education groups, the influence of appearance on income is not significant. The study suggests that enhancing education levels can effectively alleviate income declines associated with appearance, providing policy recommendations to reduce appearance discrimination in the labor market. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.01621 |
| By: | Wentao Wang; Guoping Li; Andreas Kontoleon; Yiming Ma; Weishan Guo |
| Abstract: | To achieve sustainable development, there is widespread of the need to protect natural resource and improve government oversight in achieving China's economic security and ecological civilization. Compilation of natural resources balance sheet (NRBS) and enhancement of resources management are becoming an important topic in China. How to compile NRBS to affix the responsibility for government and officials for inadequate supervision is still not resolved satisfactorily. This paper proposes the NRBS to enable governments to identify the importance of natural resource restoration and to hold leading cadres accountable for a lack of adequate supervision. The NRBS consist of three accounts: natural resource assets, natural resource liabilities, and net worth. Important components of the NRBS for the liabilities account with a property rights regime are developed to measure and assign responsibility. The compilation of an NRBS is applied to the Chinese province of Shaanxi as an illustration to demonstrate that the accounting framework and the compilation steps are tractable using financial methods and available data. The accounting results of natural resource assets and liabilities unveil the threat to resource management and the policy implications to government and officials. Finally, the advantages and limitations of NRBS are discussed. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.09869 |
| By: | Agarwal, Isha (University of British Columbia); Chen, Wentong (Cornell University); Prasad, Eswar (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | We provide the first empirical evidence on how media-driven narratives influence cross-border institutional investment flows. Applying natural language processing techniques to one-and-a-half million newspaper articles, we document substantial cross-country variation in sentiment and risk indices constructed from domestic media narratives about China in 15 countries. These narratives significantly affect portfolio flows, even after controlling for macroeconomic and financial fundamentals. This impact is smaller for investors with greater familiarity or private information about China and larger during periods of heightened uncertainty. Political and environmental narratives are as influential as economic narratives. Investors react more sharply to negative narratives than positive ones. |
| Keywords: | media narratives, cross-border flows, institutional investors, portfolio investment in China, textual analysis, natural language processing |
| JEL: | F30 G11 G15 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17442 |
| By: | Khanna, Nina; Lin, Jiang; Liu, Xu; Wang, Wenjun |
| Abstract: | China, the worlds largest methane emitter, is increasingly focused on methane mitigation in support of its climate goals, but gaps exist in the understanding of key methane sources, as well as mitigation opportunities and their associated uncertainties. We use a bottom-up modeling approach with updated methane emission projections and abatement cost analysis to account for additional sources, uncertainties, and mitigation measures in Chinas energy and agricultural sectors. Here we show the significant cost-effective potential for reducing methane emissions in China by 2030, with 660 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent possible with average negative abatement costs of US$6.40 per tonne CO2e. Most of this potential exists in the energy sector, particularly coal mining, but the greater potential will shift towards agriculture by 2060. Aquaculture and biochar applications in rice cultivation have net economic benefits but need greater support for deployment, while new mitigation measures will be needed for remaining emissions from enteric fermentation, rice cultivation, and wastewater. |
| Date: | 2024–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt8n18g4mz |
| By: | Mr. Dirk V Muir; Natalija Novta; Anne Oeking |
| Abstract: | After decades of high growth, the Chinese economy is facing headwinds from slowing productivity growth and a declining workforce that are projected to lower potential growth substantially in the longer term. We project China’s potential growth over the medium to long term, showing that potential growth could slow to around 3.8 percent on average between 2025-30 and to around 2.8 percent on average over 2031-40 in the absence of major reforms. We present a reform scenario with structural reforms to lift productivity growth and rebalancing China’s growth towards more consumption, that would help China transition to “high-quality”—balanced, inclusive, and green—growth. We use production function and general equilibrium modelling approaches to show that potential growth could remain at around 4.3 percent between 2025-40 under the reform scenario. |
| Keywords: | Potential growth; investment-led growth; rebalancing; demographic trends; structural reforms |
| Date: | 2024–11–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/238 |