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on China |
| By: | Jaerim Choi (School of Economics, Yonsei University); Masahiro Endoh (Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University); Akira Sasahara (Faculty of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of imports from China and exports to the rest of the world on labor markets using the data from two major trading partners of China: Japan and the US. An analysis shows that imports of final goods from China and exports to the rest of the world have the same effects on manufacturing employment in the two countries: the former effect is negative, and the latter is positive. In contrast, imported inputs are shown to have different effects on manufacturing employment across the two countries: positive in Japan but negative in the US. We show that these contrasting effects relate to the extent to which these countries integrate into global value chains. In particular, we focus on areas specializing in more downstream sectors in the two countries and uncover that cheaper access to Chinese intermediate inputs allow Japanese input buyers to boost manufacturing employment through input-output linkages. However, the US experienced negative employment effects in those areas, suggesting that the US input buyers do not take advantage of the complementary effects of global value chains, especially with China. |
| Keywords: | The China trade shock, imported inputs, exports, global value chains, manufacturing employment |
| JEL: | F14 F16 F66 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2024-012&r= |
| By: | Alicia García-Herrero; Robin Schindowski |
| Abstract: | This paper assess how beneficial industrial policy has been for China and how exportable to the European Union its model might be |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:node_9975&r= |
| By: | Luca Tausch; Jeffrey Althouse |
| Abstract: | The theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) suggests that there exists an asymmetric transfer of biophysical resources from the periphery to the core. Despite ample evidence demonstrating this fact, the theory fails to account for the complex role of the semi-periphery, or how global (inter-country) and domestic (intra-country) environmental inequalities between regions are connected. To fill this gap, we rely on an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EEMRIO) model to provide empirical evidence for China's involvement in global (G-EUE) and domestic (D-EUE) ecologically unequal exchange from 1987 to 2017. While being a net exporter of energy to all income groups, we show that China is a net exporter of land, labour, and materials to the core, but a net importer of land, labour, and materials from the periphery and the semi-periphery. On the domestic level, we show that the wealthy East Coast zone is the only net importer of embodied energy and TiVA, while all other economic zones are net exporters of embodied energy to the East Coast zone. While China continues to be exploited by the core, it has fuelled its ascent in the world-system by creating its own peripheries from which it extracts natural resources, as well as by creating extractive peripheries within its borders. Our results suggest the need to move beyond a simple core-periphery dichotomy when studying the world ecological system: EUE arises through a multi-tiered hierarchy that depends on uneven biophysical flows between regions both domestically and globally. |
| Keywords: | Ecologically unequal exchange, China, Embodied trade flows, Environmentally extended multi-regional input-output analysis, Inter- and Intra-Country Inequality, International Trade, Structural Decomposition Analysis |
| JEL: | Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imk:fmmpap:100-2024&r= |
| By: | Wang, Qi (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University); Liu, Mengdi (School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics); Xu, Jintao (The National School of Development, Peking University); Zhang, Bing (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University) |
| Abstract: | Scholars have demonstrated that governments allow citizens to express their opinions and selectively respond to them, yet little is known about how local governments interact with netizens via social media. In this paper, we measure government responsiveness based on whether the government verbally responds to public environmental complaints on social media. Using crawled real-world interactions between citizens and governments on Weibo (a Twitter-like platform), we find that higher bargaining power is associated with a lower likelihood that the government will respond to an environmental complaint against a firm. Local governments in China are more likely to respond to appeals that are likely to attract the attention of the upper-level government. Moreover, involving upper-level government through social media can weaken the bargaining power of industrial giants. Finally, public complaints have a significant short-term impact on corporate environmental performance but have a limited effect on firms with high bargaining power. |
| Keywords: | government responsiveness; bargaining power; social media; environmental complaint |
| JEL: | Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2023_005&r= |
| By: | Ryder, Hannah; Kebret, Etsehiwot; Chen, Huiyi |
| Abstract: | As the international community grapples with the polycrisis witnessed in our world today, the need for greater financing and a reform of the international financial system has never been more dire. SDRs, as a financial instrument, have been a point of much debate and contention over the last few years, mainly due to the need to maintain its reserve asset status and in relation to that, the challenges and limitations of reallocating SDRs outside of the IMF, in particular through Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). Developed in partnership with the Finance for Development Lab, this Report by Development Reimagined explores five options for China to reallocate its SDRs to the continent. |
| Keywords: | SDRs, Africa, China, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank, debt, reserve asset, economic growth, World Bank, Liquidity and Sustainability Facility |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notfdl:2304&r= |
| By: | Lin, Zhuoer; Yin, Xuecheng; Levy, Becca R.; Yuan, Yue; Chen, Xi |
| Abstract: | Cognitive impairment poses considerable challenges among older adults, with the protective role of family support becoming increasingly crucial. This study examines the role of children's residential proximity and spousal presence with dementia risk in cognitively impaired older adults. We analyzed 14, 600 individuals aged 50 and older with cognitive impairment from the Health and Retirement Study (1995-2018). Family support was categorized by spousal presence and children's residential proximity. Modifiable risk factors, including smoking, depressive symptoms, and social isolation, were assessed. Mixed-effects models were estimated. A significant proportion of older adults with cognitive impairment lacked access to family support, with either no spouse (46.9%) or all children living over 10 miles away (25.3%). Those with less available family support, characterized by distant-residing children and the absence of a spouse, had a significantly higher percentage of smoking, depressive symptoms, and social isolation. Moreover, we revealed a consistent gradient in the percentage of the risk factors by the degree of family support. Relative to older adults with a spouse and co-resident children, those without a spouse and with all children residing further than 10 miles displayed the highest percentage of the risk factors. These findings were robust to various sensitivity analyses. |
| Keywords: | dementia, depression, social isolation, smoking, long-term care, family support, residential proximity |
| JEL: | I12 J14 I18 I11 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1437&r= |
| By: | Li, Shuo (Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China); Wang, Min (China Center for Economic Research, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China) |
| Abstract: | The paper provides a comprehensive investigation of the effects of environmental regulations on Chinese firms’ extensive margins. Using registration information of all firms in 35 industries from 1991 to 2010, we show that environmental regulations deter firm entry, increase firm exit and reduce the net entry of firms. Specifically, in response to such regulations, large, long-lived and private entrants are less likely to enter the market, and small and long-lived incumbents are more likely to exit. This concentrates the market and expands the state sector in pollution-intensive industries. Moreover, the entrants are more heavily regulated than incumbents. We also find evidence that, in response to environmental regulations, firms in regulated locations are more likely to create new firms in pollution-intensive industries in unregulated areas. However, these spatial spillover effects are negligible, posing little threat to the estimation of environmental regulatory impacts on firm entry in our setting and therefore alleviating the concern of pollution relocation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Regulation; Firm Entry; Firm Exit; Equity Investment; Spatial Spillover; Inter-city Investment |
| JEL: | L51 O44 Q52 Q58 R38 |
| Date: | 2022–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2022_015&r= |