|
on China |
| By: | Costa-Font, Joan; Cowell, Frank; Shi, Xuezhu |
| Abstract: | We study inequality in the distribution of self-assessed health (SAH) in the United States and China, two large countries that have expanded their insurance provisions in recent decades, but that lack universal coverage and differ in other social determinants of health. Using comparable health survey data from China and the United States, we compare health inequality trends throughout the period covering the public health insurance coverage expansions in the two countries. We find that whether SAH inequality is greater in the US or in China depends on the concept of status and the inequality-sensitivity parameter used; however, the regional pattern of SAH inequality is clearly associated with health-insurance coverage expansions in the US but not significant in China. |
| Keywords: | health inequality; self-assessed health; health insurance coverage; social determinants of health |
| JEL: | D63 I18 I30 |
| Date: | 2023–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121099&r=cna |
| By: | Elhan-Kayalar, Yesim (Asian Development Bank); Kucheryavyy, Konstantin (University of Tokyo); Nose, Manabu (International Monetary Fund); Sawada, Yasuyuki (University of Tokyo); Shangguan, Ruo (Jinan University) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides new evidence of the effects of road construction on both domestic and international trade flows in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) using customs data and information on transport investments in the region, including those supported by multilateral development banks. We find that road construction helped to reduce trade costs significantly from 2000 to 2011, supporting the catch-up of inland regions in the PRC to its coastal cities. The ad valorem rate of internal trade costs decreases by 20%, and the ad valorem rate of international trade costs decreases, on average, by 15.3%, with substantial heterogeneity of effects across sectors. Using satellite and customs data, we also document that the construction of the Kunming–Bangkok Expressway led to local economic growth and higher regional specialization in accordance with comparative advantage, suggesting the role of the road construction in facilitating market integration across borders in the Greater Mekong Subregion. |
| Keywords: | development impact; infrastructure; economic growth; trade; job creation; regional specialization; market integration |
| JEL: | F10 F13 R40 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0710&r=cna |
| By: | Kejia Yang (Department of Environmental Social Science, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland); Kaidong Feng (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we explore how governance structures influence different transition pathways in the case of China’s green energy transitions. The paper challenges the dominant understanding, focused on state-led models, of China’s transitions, by comparing two different governance structures that emerged on the ground in two of China’s provinces. One structure follows the current path of centralised power systems, led by the developmental state model; the other departs from the existing model by building more distributed energy systems driven by a wide range of actors, this model being characterised as ‘distributed governance structures’. Although it is still too early to conclude which model will be dominant in the future, these two models may result in two divergent transition pathways for China’s future low-carbon development. We therefore present two governance scenarios for China’s future energy transitions and discuss their general implications. One governance capacity depends on the developmental state and its capacities to reflectively collect information and build knowledge capacity by engaging with big players. The other governance capacity depends on distributed capacity among a wide range of actors, and the learning and interactions among them. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20240108&r=cna |