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on China |
| By: | Jian-Xin Wu (College of Economics, Jinan University); Ling-Yun He (College of Economics, Jinan University and Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology); ZhongXiang Zhang (Tianjin University and China Academy of Energy, Environmental and Industrial Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the long-run relationship between income and urban air pollution using a joint distribution dynamics approach. This approach enables to estimate the transition process and long-run distribution and to examine the mechanisms behind the evolution process. The approach is applied to a unique panel data of CO2, SO2 and PM2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5µm) for 286 Chinese cities over the period 2002-2014. Strong persistence in the transition dynamics suggests that this convergence process may require a long time. The distribution dynamics analyses indicate that multiple equilibria are the major characteristics in the long-run relationship between income and urban air pollution in China, which implies that inter-regional technology spillover may be an important way to accelerate convergence. Our results further support the existence of poverty-environmental trap in PM2.5 concentrations. Thus, new environmental models are expected to be developed to explain this new stylized fact. The findings provide strong support for taking more aggressive measures that consider income and urban environment simultaneously to reduce poverty and air pollutions together in the Chinese cities. |
| Keywords: | Income, Urban Air Pollution, Poverty-environment Trap, Distribution Dynamics Approach, China |
| JEL: | O13 O44 Q43 Q53 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2019.05&r=all |
| By: | Lu, Yi; Sugita, Yoichi; Zhu, Lianming |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether foreign direct investment (FDI) liberalization reduces firms' monopsony power in labor markets. We estimate firm-level wage markdown, wage over marginal revenue of labor, from China's production data and identify the causal effect of FDI liberalization on wage markdown, using China's regulation changes upon its accession to the World Trade Organization. Large and productive firms, state-owned firms, exporters, and foreign firms set narrower wage markdowns. FDI liberalization widened wage markdowns and decreased labor income share in value-added. These findings are contrast to classical monopsony theory based on concentration but consistent with modern theory based on search friction. |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investment, Monopsony, Wage, Search, Firm heterogeneity |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-83&r=all |
| By: | Duan, Wenjing (Hunan University); Martins, Pedro S. (Queen Mary, University of London) |
| Abstract: | Do firms in China share rents with their workers? We address this question by examining firm-level panel data covering virtually all manufacturing firms over the period 2000-2007, representing an average of 200,000 firms and 54 million workers per year. We find robust evidence of rent sharing (RS): workers that would move from low- to high-profit firms would see their wages increase by about 45%. The results are based on multiple instrumental variables, including firm-specific international trade shocks. We also present a number of complementary findings that allow us to understand better the nature of RS in the country: RS is weaker in firms with more women and less educated workers; RS involves an element of risk sharing, as wages also decrease when profits fall; RS is lower in regions with more latent competition from rural workers; higher minimum wages tend to reduce RS; and, while employer labour market power reduces wages, it increases RS. Overall, despite its importance, RS in China is smaller and more symmetric than in developed economies, which reflects the weaker bargaining power of its workers and the different scope of its labour market institutions. |
| Keywords: | wages, bargaining, monopsony |
| JEL: | J31 J41 J50 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12169&r=all |
| By: | Feng, Shuaizhang (Shanghai University of Finance and Economics); Guo, Naijia (Chinese University of Hong Kong) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effect of state-owned enterprises on the dynamics of the Chinese urban labor market. Using longitudinal monthly panel data, we document very low dynamics in the labor market, especially in the state sector. We develop and calibrate an equilibrium search and matching model with three differences between the state and the non-state sector: labor productivity, labor adjustment cost, and workers' bargaining power. Counterfactual analysis shows that the lack of dynamics is mainly driven by the strong bargaining power of state-sector workers. Eliminating the differences between the two sectors substantially reduces the unemployment rate and long-term unemployment rate. |
| Keywords: | state sector, labor market dynamics, search and matching, China, long-term unemployment |
| JEL: | J64 J45 P23 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12170&r=all |
| By: | Jacqueline CK Lam (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); Lawrence YL Cheung (Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong .); Y. Han (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); SS Wang (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong) |
| Keywords: | nuclear safety, media focus, computational text analysis, regulatory governance, safety management |
| JEL: | C89 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg1834&r=all |
| By: | Xiao-Yan Liu (College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China); Li-Qiu Liu (College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China); Bai-Chen Xie (College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China - Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG), Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Michael G. Pollitt (Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG), Judge Business School, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Grid industry; Efficiency estimation; Stochastic frontier analysis; Environmental heterogeneity; China |
| JEL: | L94 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg1820&r=all |
| By: | Mengfei Jiang (Centre for Business and Climate Change, University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh,); Xi Liang (Centre for Business and Climate Change, University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh); David Reiner (Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Boqiang Lin (China Center for Energy Economics Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China); Maosheng Duan (Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China) |
| Keywords: | Emissions trading, China, Carbon pricing; Guangdong ETS pilot; Stakeholder survey; Climate change policy; Low-carbon policy interactions |
| JEL: | H23 Q58 N45 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg1805&r=all |
| By: | Hao Chen (Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,China - School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China - Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, China -Bei); Chi Kong Chyong (Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG), Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Jia-Ning Kang (Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Chi); Yi-Ming Wei (Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, China- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China - Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, China - Beijing Ke) |
| Keywords: | Economic dispatch; electricity; power markets; energy saving; China; coal; optimization model |
| JEL: | P28 Q48 L94 L51 L52 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg1819&r=all |