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on China |
| By: | Wang, S.L.; Hong, C.; Liefert, W. |
| Abstract: | Using disaggregated data describing trade between China and the rest of the world over the period of 2002-2015, this paper estimates the impacts of changes in China’s real exchange rate and income growth on Chinese agricultural imports. We find that exchange rate and income matters for Chinese agricultural imports over all. A 10 percent annual appreciation of the RMB is found to raise China’s total agricultural imports by about 0.4 percent, and a 10 percent real GDP growth will raises these imports by 7 percent. We further estimate these effects to subcategories of bulk, intermediate, and consumer-ready goods, as well as individual agricultural products. There is much variation in response across different agricultural product groups as well as individual products. We tend to get expected signs for elasticities for non-strategically important products that do not conflict with China’s self-sufficiency policies and are in short-supply. Government interventions in the markets mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on these products. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275979&r=cna |
| By: | Matthieu Crozet; Laura Hering; Sandra Poncet |
| Abstract: | China's increased export capacity in recent decades has disrupted developed-country labor markets and the well-being of workers exposed to foreign competition. We here attempt to complete the assessment of the social and human consequences of globalization by exploring the other side of this "China syndrome". We evaluate the extent to which increased export opportunities have influenced well-being in China using panel data on approximately 25,000 adults across 122 Chinese localities in 2010, 2012 and 2014. The results show that perceived life satisfaction rises significantly as local export markets grow. This effect goes beyond higher local GDP per capita and individual incomes. |
| Keywords: | Happiness;Well-being;Globalization;China |
| JEL: | I31 J28 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2018-14&r=cna |
| By: | Mao, Hui; Zhou, Li; Ifft, Jennifer |
| Abstract: | This study expands on existing research on farmers’ risk preferences and technology adoption, with novel analysis of the relationship between risk preferences, production contract participation, and technology investment levels and adoption time. Our analysis uses farm-level data from 345 Chinese broiler growers and an instrumental variables strategy to address the potential endogeneity of the contracting decision. Both the distance of the farm to the nearest broiler business and the distance of the farm to the nearest market for broiler sale are used as instrumental variables for the contracting decision. Results indicate that farmers with higher risk aversion are more likely to participate in contracts, less likely to adopt new technology, adopt technology later, and invest less in technology. In the subsample of contract farmers, contracts with longer terms, lower upfront deposit requirements and higher cost sharing with enterprises for technology adoption may make farmers more likely to adopt technology, to adopt technology early and to invest more. These findings jointly suggest that contract terms that help alleviate credit constraints may be more effective at promoting technology adoption in developing countries. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:257248&r=cna |
| By: | Weijun Liu and Wojciech J. Florkowski |
| Abstract: | n China, the online purchases of meals grow rapidly. The online ordering and meal delivery services allow a busy urban consumer for a specific selection at a convenient time. This paper examines the satisfaction of consumers with the overall quality of service provided by the meal delivering companies and the speed of delivery. The level of satisfaction with the overall meal delivery service provides insights that permit improvement of service quality and its essential attribute, the delivery speed. The study uses the sample of 554 respondents from all but two China’s provinces collected between June 3 and July 30, 2017. A pilot test was administered among students of a major urban university. Data were collected through an online survey administered by the reputable commercial company. The structured questionnaire contained questions probing for views on several aspects of meal delivery services and requested a respondent to share the information about socio-demographic characteristics. The scale applied in the posed questions allowed the ordered logit to estimate the relationships. Results show, among others, that the average meal price and expectations of food safety were important to consumer perception of service quality, while the type of meal type of meal mattered with regard to speed delivers. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266866&r=cna |
| By: | Langhammer, Rolf J.; Liu, Wan-Hsin |
| Abstract: | The authors reveal that on the one hand China alleviates inward FDI with a clear focus on promoting "quality" FDI with potential positive impacts also on local firms without direct investment relationships with multinational enterprises. On the other hand China lowers Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs and simultaneously retaliates against US penalty tariffs. They identify weaknesses of China's tariff policy which should be removed to avoid trade conflicts with its partners and primarily to foster its own economic transformation. The authors conclude that the escalation of trade conflicts can trigger protectionist measures from China and other countries, thus launching a race to the bottom against openness for international trade and investment. |
| Keywords: | China,FDI,trade,tariff,United States |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:117&r=cna |
| By: | Wang, Yumeng; Yao, Weihang; Liu, Donald J.; Kong, Xiangzhi |
| Abstract: | The current study used the Heckman two-stage model to analyze the influences of chronic and acute diseases on the agricultural labor participation and time input of middle aged and older rural populations. The data was based on the mid-aged and older rural people from national baseline survey in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 and 2013. Results indicated that chronic diseases did not have an influence on the participation of mid-aged and older people in agriculture, but labor time was decreased. Acute diseases decreased both labor time and probability of participation. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–05–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:257263&r=cna |
| By: | Dai, Fengyan (Nanjing University of Finance and Economics); Cai, Fang (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences); Zhu, Yu (University of Dundee) |
| Abstract: | China experienced a 47% expansion in higher education enrolment between 1998 and 1999, and a six-fold expansion in the decade to 2008. In this paper, we explore a fuzzy discontinuity in the months of births induced by the expansion to study the returns to higher education in China. We find that the mean years of education increased by roughly one full year around the cut-off point of the 1999 expansion as defined by months of births. Importantly, each additional year of university education induced by the 1999 higher education expansion increases monthly wage income by 21%, whereas the corresponding OLS estimate is only 8%. Our findings are insensitive to alternative window widths, functional forms, or the exclusion of the self-employed. Moreover, the returns to degrees also appear to vary by gender, with lowers returns to women except when they are the only child in the family. |
| Keywords: | returns to higher education, higher education expansion, regression discontinuity design, China |
| JEL: | I23 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11735&r=cna |
| By: | Hsu, Wen-Tai (School of Economics, Singapore Management University); Lu, Yi (Tsinghua University); Luo, Xuan (INSEAD); Zhu, Lianming (Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on industrial agglomeration. Using the differential effects of FDI deregulation in 2002 in China on different industries, we find that FDI actually affects industrial agglomeration negatively. This result is somewhat counter-intuitive, as the conventional wisdom tends to suggest that FDI attracts domestic firms to cluster for various agglomeration benefits, in particular technology spillovers. To reconcile our empirical findings and the conventional wisdom, we develop a theory of FDI and agglomeration based on two counter-veiling forces. Technology diffusion from FDI attracts domestic firms to cluster, but fiercer competition drives firms away. Which force dominates depends on the scale of the economy. When the economy is sufficiently large, FDI discourages agglomeration. We find various evidence on this competition mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Industrial agglomeration; Ellison-Glaeser index; Competition; Foreign direct investment; Special economic zones; WTO; China |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2018_016&r=cna |
| By: | Hao, J. |
| Abstract: | Though we can find the separate research of the antecedents of member commitment, there has been little systematic research into member commitment within agricultural cooperatives, especially the way how these antecedents (or correlates) affect member commitment. Using a sample of 391 farmer cooperative members in China, this study investigates whether trust and social pressure affect cooperative member commitment and if so, whether the effect is mediated by member participating in the decision-making process. Our study finds that trust is positively associated with three components of member commitment – affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment, while social pressure is positively related to normative commitment. Participation plays a partially mediating role between trust and social pressure and member commitment. Generally, these findings offer empirical evidence on the important role of cooperative chairman between members and Chinese cooperatives and on the influence of social pressure with Chinese characteristics in maintaining cooperative membership. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275881&r=cna |
| By: | Zhang, L. |
| Abstract: | Based on the survey data of 285 grain producing lessee operating units in Jiangsu province and applying the multiple regression model and the estimation method with clustered robust standard errors, this study compared the differences in agricultural productivity between small-scale farm households and large-scale operating units, and further indicated the efficiency impacts of large-scale farmland transfer. Results show that, compared to small-scale farm households, only part of large-scale operating units can obtain higher agricultural productivity. Operation scale of 40 ~ 60 mu is the moderate scale where operating units can achieve the optimal allocative efficiency of agricultural production factors (i.e., land, labor, and capital). Specifically, compared to small-scale farm households (1 ~ 20 mu), those operating units, with an operation scale ranging from 10 to 15 times of the area of arable land contracted per household in local area (40 ~ 60 mu), can achieve higher land productivity, profit rate of cost, and total factor productivity; whereas those operating units with an operation scale more than 40 mu (including 40 ~ 60 mu, 60 ~ 120 mu, 120 ~ 500 mu) can obtain greater labor productivity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275918&r=cna |
| By: | Dinghai Xu (Department of Economics, University of Waterloo); Jingru Ji (Department of Finance, East China University of Science and Technology); Donghua Wang (Department of Finance, East China University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on investigating financial returns' extreme risks, which are defined as the negative log-returns over a certain threshold. A simple agent-based model is constructed to explain the behavior of the market traders when extreme risks occur. We consider both the volatility clustering and the heavy tail characteristics when constructing the model. Empirical study uses the China securities index 300 daily level data and applies the method of simulated moments to estimate the model parameters. The stationarity and ergodicity tests provide evidence that the proposed model is good for estimation and prediction. The goodness-of-fit measures show that our proposed model fits the empirical data well. Our estimated model performs well in out-of-sample Value-at-Risk prediction, which contributes to the risk management. |
| JEL: | C15 C52 G15 |
| Date: | 2018–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wat:wpaper:1806&r=cna |
| By: | Gong, Xuche; Yuan, Yan |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259178&r=cna |