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on China |
| By: | Junsen Zhang (Chinese University of Hong Kong); Mark Rosenzweig (Economic Growth Center, Yale University) |
| Abstract: | Data from two surveys of twins in China are used to contribute to an improved understanding of the role of economic development in affecting gender differences in the trends in, levels of, and returns to schooling observed in China and in many developing countries in recent decades. In particular, we explore the hypothesis that these phenomena reflect differences in comparative advantage with respect to skill and brawn between men and women in the context of changes in incomes, returns to skill, and/or nutritional improvements that are the result of economic development and growth. |
| Keywords: | schooling, gender, twins, China |
| JEL: | J24 J16 I15 I25 O15 |
| Date: | 2012–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egc:wpaper:1008&r=cna |
| By: | Giles, John; Park, Albert; Cai, Fang; Du, Yang |
| Abstract: | Evidence from a range of different sources suggests that Chinese workers lost 20-36 million jobs because of the global financial crisis. Most of these layoffs affected migrant workers, who have typically lacked employment protection, tend to be concentrated in export-oriented sectors, and were among the easiest to dismiss when the crisis hit. Although it was severe, the employment shock was short-lived. By mid-2009, the macroeconomic stimulus and other interventions had succeeded in boosting demand for migrant labor. By early 2010, abundant evidence pointed to scarcity in China's labor market, as labor demand was once again leading to brisk growth in wages.The paper reviews different available sources of evidence for the effectsof the crisis, and notes the biases associated with alternative ex post efforts to measure the employment effects of the crisis. In particular, the paper highlights the usefulness of household surveys with employment histories relative to surveys based on sampling through firms. |
| Keywords: | Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Population Policies,Labor Standards,Tertiary Education |
| Date: | 2012–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5984&r=cna |
| By: | Aaditya Mattoo (Word Bank); Prachi Mishra (International Monetary Fund); Arvind Subramanian (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of China’s exchange rate changes on exports of competitor countries in third markets, known as the “spillover effect.” Recent theory is used to develop an identification strategy in which competition between China and its developing country competitors in specific products and destinations plays a key role. The variation is used—afforded by disaggregated trade data—across exporters, importers, product, and time to estimate this spillover effect. The results show robust evidence of a statistically and quantitatively significant spillover effect. Estimates suggest that, on average, a 10 percent appreciation of China’s real exchange rate boosts a developing country’s exports of a typical 4-digit Harmonized System (HS) product category to third markets by about 1.5 to 2 percent. The magnitude of the spillover effect varies systematically with product characteristics as implied by theory. |
| Keywords: | exchange rates, exports, China, spillover |
| JEL: | F13 F14 O53 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp12-4&r=cna |