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on China |
| By: | Büsgen, Michael |
| Keywords: | voluntary organizations; nonprofit organizations; grass roots groups; environmentalism; civil society; advocacy; China; |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iss:wpaper:422&r=cna |
| By: | Elliott Parker (Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno); Judith Thornton (Department of Economics, University of Washington) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we review the fiscal evolution of China and Russia, asking how the process of creating a separate, tax-financed public sector in the two countries differed. We observe that the size of China's budget sector was consistently smaller than in Russia and that budget decentralization was consistently greater. We see both pros and cons in China's decentralization. Local governments that were allowed to keep marginal increases in local tax revenue had incentives to pursue growth-supporting policies, including support for foreign investment and export-oriented production. However, in the absence of financial markets, there were barriers to investment outside the local region, resulting in inefficient use of capital and protectionism. Fiscal deficits and rapid expansion of credit have threatened stability in both countries, but China has proved more successful than Russia in managing macroeconomic policies. Finally, we argue that Russia's status as a petro-state makes management of the public sector particularly difficult. In Russia, recentralization has been associated with expansion of state ownership of enterprises and production by territorial governments, state ministries, state banks, and the natural monopolies. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal decentralization, Russia, China, regional growth |
| JEL: | H6 H7 P35 |
| Date: | 2006–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unr:wpaper:06-013&r=cna |
| By: | Jie He (GREDI, Département d'économique, Université de Sherbrooke) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for the case of China’s industrial SO2 emission through both reduced and structural model. The estimated Chinaspecific EKC curve for per capital industrial SO2 emission predicts the turning point of 9000 yuan (2750 USD, PPP). However, given China’s fast population expansion speed, the decreasing trend in the per capita emission will not bring an immediate reduction in total industrial SO2 emission. Our structural EKC model succeeds in decomposing industrial SO2 emission density into the contribution from its three famous structural determinants and a marginal impact from international trade. The latter is actually composed of a significantly negative direct impact and indirect ones going through the composition effect, which further depends on the current capital/labour abundance ratio and the actual income level of a province. |
| Keywords: | : China, EKC, international trade, SO2 emission, decomposition, pollution haven. |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 O13 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shr:wpaper:06-27&r=cna |
| By: | Kingsley E. Haynes; Lei Ding |
| Abstract: | Since the entry of Chinese domestic mobile handset manufacturers in 1998, Chinese domestic suppliers have successfully surpassed the market share of joint ventures (JVs) while direct imports have been largely phased out. By examining China’s mobile handset manufacturing sector as a whole and through case studies, we found several factors that contributed to the success of China’s domestic handset manufacturers which can be classified into three categories: market conditions, competition, and government’s support. |
| Date: | 2006–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa06p17&r=cna |
| By: | Zhuo Chen (the Chicago Center of Excellence in Health Promotion Economics, The University of Chicago); Shunfeng Song (Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno) |
| Abstract: | This paper utilizes a unique county-level dataset to examine technical efficiency and technology gap in China’s agriculture. We classify the counties into four regions with distinctive levels of economic development, and hence production technologies. A meta-frontier analysis is applied to the counties. We find that although the eastern counties have the highest efficiency scores with respect to the regional frontier but the northeastern region leads in terms of agricultural production technology nationwide. Meanwhile, the mean efficiency of the northeastern counties is particularly low, suggesting technology and knowledge diffusion within region might help to improve production efficiency and thus output. |
| Keywords: | China’s grain production, county-level, metafrontier, stochastic production frontier, technical efficiency |
| JEL: | D24 N55 O13 |
| Date: | 2006–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unr:wpaper:06-005&r=cna |
| By: | Zhong-Ren Peng (Center for Advanced Spatial Information Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee); Yi Zhu (Center for Advanced Spatial Information Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee); Shunfeng Song (Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno) |
| Abstract: | In a rapid economic development environment with rising income, escalating motorization, and growing urbanization, it is natural for government policies to focus on solving congestion related problems caused by the increased car ownership and usage. The mobility needs of the urban poor have been traditionally neglected in policy and in practice, particularly in developing countries. This paper addresses the mobility challenges the urban poor are facing based on a household travel survey in the City of Hefei in China. It first presents travel behaviors, transportation costs and commuting problems of the urban poor. It then discusses the urban transportation policy implications and examines the prevailing trends of urban transportation policies and plans in Chinese cities. Policy recommendations are suggested to improve the mobility needs of the urban poor. |
| Keywords: | Urban transportation, poverty, mobility |
| JEL: | R40 J60 |
| Date: | 2006–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unr:wpaper:06-004&r=cna |
| By: | Jie He (GREDI, Département d'économique, Université de Sherbrooke) |
| Abstract: | Observing the weakness in the previous structural analyses on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) formation, in this paper, author deepens the analysis into the detailed data of production and SO2 emission intensity of the 29 industrial sectors (occupying over 98% of the total industrial production) in each Chinese province during 1991-2001. With the aid of Divisia Index Decomposition method, the variation of the provincial-level industrial SO2 emission with regard to the original level of 1990 is decomposed into the contribution from its three determinants: the variations in production scale, composition transformation and technique progress. The following analyses employ the decomposition results to further interrogate the potential links of these region-specific environmental impacts with economic growth and commercial openness in each province. |
| Keywords: | EKC, trade, pollution, China, Decomposition, region. |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 O13 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shr:wpaper:06-26&r=cna |
| By: | Frank Joest (Universität Heidelberg, Alfred-Weber-Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften); Horst Niemes; Malte Faber (Universität Heidelberg, Alfred-Weber-Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften); Kurt Roth (Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik) |
| Abstract: | Dieses Papier untersucht Probleme der Wasserverfügbarkeit in China. Es wird gezeigt, dass - geographisch bedingt - erhebliche regionale Unterschiede in der Verfügbarkeit von Wasser in China existieren. Eine empirische Analyse der regionalen Strukturen der Wasserverfügbarkeit und des Wasserverbrauches für den Konsum sowie die landwirtschaftliche und industrielle Produktion zeigt, dass insbesondere erhebliche Nutzungskonflikte zwischen Landwirtschaft und Industrie existieren. Ein Szenario zur möglichen künftigen Entwicklung zeigt darüber hinaus, dass sich diese Nutzungskonflikte weiter verschärfen werden. Die damit verbundenen Probleme lassen sich nur durch eine Verbesserung der Effizienz der Wassernutzung verbunden mit einem umfangreichen Transfer von Wasser aus dem Süden in den Norden des Landes lösen. Ohne diese Maßnahmen können die natürlichen Bedingungen zu einer bindenden Restriktion für die künftige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Chinas werden. |
| Keywords: | Wasserressourcen, wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Umweltprobleme |
| JEL: | Q25 Q32 Q58 |
| Date: | 2006–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0433&r=cna |