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on Computational Economics |
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Issue of 2008‒10‒28
six papers chosen by |
| By: | Malte Fliedner (Chair of Operations Management, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena); Nils Boysen (Chair of Operations Management, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena); Armin Scholl (Chair of Decision Analysis and Management Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena) |
| Abstract: | The generation of leveled production schedules is of high importance for mixed-model assembly lines whose parts and materials are supplied just-in-time by multi-level production processes. The Output Rate Variaton problem is the standard mathematical representation of this complex level scheduling problem and has been extensively studied by research thus far. This work identifies novel symmetries in solution sequences of this problem class and shows how these insights can be used to improve exact solution procedures presented in the literature. The effectiveness of the modifications is evaluated by a computational study. |
| Keywords: | Mixed-Model Assembly Lines, Level Scheduling, Output Rate Variation Problem, Dynamic Programming |
| Date: | 2008–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jen:jenjbe:2008-18&r=cmp |
| By: | Giovanni Dosi; Giorgio Fagiolo; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | This paper studies an agent-based model that bridges Keynesian theories of demand generation and Schumpeterian theories of technology-fueled economic growth. We employ the model to investigate the properties of macroeconomic dynamics and the impact of public polices on supply, demand and the "fundamentals" of the economy. We find that the complementarities between factors influencing aggregate demand and drivers of technological change affect both "short-run" fluctuations and long-term growth patterns. From a normative point of view, simulations show a corresponding complementarity between Keynesian and Schumpeterian policies in sustaining long-run growth paths characterized by mild fluctuations and acceptable unemployment levels. The matching or mismatching between innovative exploration of new technologies and the conditions of demand generation appear to suggest the presence of two distinct "regimes" of growth (or absence thereof) characterized by different short-run fluctuations and unemployment levels. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous Growth; Business Cycles; Growth Policies; Business Cycle Policies; Evolutionary Economics; Agent-Based Computational Economics; Post-Walrasian Economics; Empirical Validation; Monte-Carlo Simulations. |
| JEL: | E32 E6 O3 O4 |
| Date: | 2008–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2008/21&r=cmp |
| By: | Sumanta Basu,Ravindra S. Gajulapalli,Diptesh Ghosh |
| Abstract: | Real life traveling salesman problem (TSP) instances are often large, sparse, and asymmetric.Conventional tabu search implementations for the TSP that have been reported in the literature,almost always deals with small, dense and symmetric instances. In this paper, we outline data structures and a tabu search implementation that takes advantage of such data structures, which can exploit sparsity of a TSP instances, and hence can solve relatively large TSP instances (with up to 3000 nodes) much faster than conventional implementations. We also provide computational experiences with this implementation. |
| Date: | 2008–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2008-10-02&r=cmp |
| By: | Jason Barr (Rutgers University, Newark, Department of Economics); Troy Tassier (Fordham University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | There is a large literature in economics and elsewhere on the emergence and evolution of cooperation in the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma. Recently this literature has expanded to include cooperation in spatial prisoner dilemma games where agents play only with local neighbors in a specified geography. In this paper we explore how the ability of agents to move and choose new locations and new neighbors influences the emergence of cooperation. First, we explore the dynamics of cooperation by investigating agent strategies that yield Markov transition probabilities. We show how different agent strategies yield different Markov chains which generate different asymptotic behaviors in regard to the attainment of cooperation. Second, we investigate how agent movement affects the attainment of cooperation in various spatial networks using agent based simulations. |
| Keywords: | repeated prisoner’s dilemma, cooperation, agent-based economics, endogenous networks, Markov chains |
| JEL: | C63 C72 C73 D8 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frd:wpaper:dp2008-21&r=cmp |
| By: | Bernard Decaluwé (Université Laval - Département d'Economie); Fida Karam (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics - Ecole d'Économie de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Recently, much research interest is directed towards the impact of migration on the sending country. However, we think that this literature does not successfully analyse the effects of migration on unemployment and wage rates especially in urban areas. It studies the effect of one king of migration flow, mainly international migration, on labour market in the country of origin and shows that international migration is able to reduce the unemployment rate and/or raise the wage rates. However, it is common to find labour markets affected simultaneously by inflows and outflows of workers. Using a detailed CGE model applied to the Moroccan economy, we show that if we take simultaneously into account Moroccan emigration to the European Union, immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa into Moroccan urban areas and rural-urban migration, the impact on Moroccan urban labour market disaggregated by professional categories is ambiguous. |
| Keywords: | Imperfect labor market, migration, computable general equilibrium model. |
| Date: | 2008–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00331322_v1&r=cmp |
| By: | Nadja Dwenger; Viktor Steiner |
| Abstract: | We estimate the elasticity of corporate taxable income with respect to the effective corporate tax rate on the basis of a pseudo-panel constructed from corporate tax return micro data for the period 1998-2001, a period which saw the introduction of a major corporate tax reform in Germany. Endogeneity of the effective tax rate is controlled for by an instrumental variable approach. Our instrument for the observed effective corporate tax rate is the counterfactual effective tax rate a corporation would face in a particular period had there be no endogenous change of corporate profits. This counterfactual is obtained from a detailed microsimulation model of the corporate sector based on tax return micro data. We find a statistically significant and relatively large point estimate of the average tax base elasticity, which implies that a reduction of the statutory corporate tax rate would reduce corporate tax receipts less than proportionally due to income shifting activities. We also find some statistically weak evidence for the hypothesis that the tax base elasticity is higher for corporations that may benefit from various forms of tax shields. |
| Keywords: | corporate income taxation; tax base elasticity; micro simulation |
| JEL: | H32 H21 F23 C15 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp829&r=cmp |