|
on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Lesley-Ann Daniels; Frank Borge Wietzke |
| Abstract: | Bellicose theories of state-building suggest that wars enable the emergence of strong states via the mechanism of increased war-time fiscal capacities. We explore the hitherto little-analysed micro-level foundations of this claim. Does the experience of war increase public support for higher taxation? Furthermore, is this support limited to only defensive purposes, or does it extend to other war-related but forward-looking goals like post-war reconstruction and cohesion-building? We implement a survey experiment during the ongoing war in Ukraine to address the above questions. |
| Keywords: | War, Statebuilding, Taxation, Fiscal capacity, Ukraine, Experimental design |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-57 |
| By: | Hamjediers, Maik (European University Institute) |
| Abstract: | Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 marked a turning point in European security politics. In this context, the population's willingness to fight is often interpreted as an indicator of societal inclination toward military self-defense and a precondition for strengthening defensive capacities. Yet, causal evidence on what shapes this willingness remains limited, and studies on the effects of Russia's invasion on public attitudes have been largely confined to European countries. I employ Russia's invasion within an unexpected event during survey design to estimate its impact on respondents' willingness to fight for their own country. Drawing on data from the World Values Survey in the Czech Republic and Uruguay, the analysis reveals a significant increase in willingness to fight among Czech respondents -- a country geographically and historically proximate to Russia -- but no comparable effect in Uruguay. These findings offer novel causal evidence that proximate interstate conflict can increase willingness to fight for one's country, which contributes to broader debates on conscription and military security. |
| Date: | 2025–08–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:p6xf4_v1 |
| By: | Yuriy Gorodnichenko; Dimitris Georgarakos; Geoff Kenny; Olivier Coibion |
| Abstract: | Using novel scenario-based survey questions that randomize the expected duration of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Middle East conflict, we examine the causal impact of geopolitical risk on consumers’ beliefs about aggregate economic conditions and their own financial outlook. Expecting a longer conflict leads European households to anticipate a worsening of the aggregate economy, with higher inflation, lower economic growth, and lower stock prices. They also perceive negative fiscal implications, anticipating higher government debt and higher taxes. Ultimately, households view the geopolitical conflict as making them worse off financially and it leads them to reduce their consumption. |
| JEL: | D01 E20 E3 E50 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34195 |
| By: | Adar, Sinem; Aksoy, Hürcan Aslı; Ålander, Minna; Bueno, Alberto; Chiriatti, Alessia; Dimou, Antonia; Levin, Paul T.; Monceau, Nicolas; Seufert, Günter; Soler, Eduard; Vorotnyuk, Maryna; Wasilewski, Karol |
| Abstract: | Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine marked the start of a prolonged confrontation between Moscow and Europe - one that is fundamentally reshaping the parameters of European security. The return of Donald Trump to the White House and his stated intent to quickly end the war in Ukraine and put pressure on the European allies including Ukraine to assume greater responsibility for their security is a second critical inflection point. In this rapidly evolving security landscape, Europe faces the dual challenge of ensuring the long-term security of Ukraine, the Baltic states and the Black Sea region and strengthening the European Union's defence and military capabilities. Turkey has a strategically significant, albeit politically contentious role to play within both contexts. What kind of an alignment might there be between the EU and Turkey, given that Ankara is simultaneously a partner, competitor, rival and even threat to EU member states? For its part, the European Union should adopt a gradual, pragmatic and interest driven approach to Turkey's integration into the changing European security architecture. It should aim to reinforce the role of Europe - including Turkey - as a strategic and capable security actor while making clear that enhanced defence cooperation with Ankara and Turkey's stalled EU accession process are two separate issues. |
| Keywords: | European Union, EU, Turkey, Poland, Spain, Italy, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, Greece, European security, European security architecture, EU's defence and military capabilities, NATO, Nato, NATO's eastern flank, NATO's southern flank, war in Ukraine, security of Ukraine, Russia, USA, Donald Trump, Black Sea region, Turkey's EU accession process, defence and security cooperation with Turkey, European Council, European Commission, European Parliament |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:324892 |
| By: | Adrians, Helge |
| Abstract: | Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there. Such warships have already carried out strikes deep into Syria and Ukraine. Their recent deployments to Lake Ladoga could complicate the defence of NATO's north-eastern allies. Simulated launches were reportedly conducted for the first time in autumn 2024. However, NATO still lacks information about Lake Ladoga. Developments there underscore the need for conventional long-range fire capabilities into Russia's strategic depth to deter Moscow effectively. |
| Keywords: | Keword Dok.-Eigenschaften, Russia, Lake Ladoga, Baltic Fleet, warships, corvettes, Sovetsk, Odintsovo, Karakurt class, Buyan-M class, cruise missiles, long-range fire capabilities, Krasnaya Zvezda, Izvestia, NATO, Finland |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:324891 |
| By: | Douglas, Nadja |
| Abstract: | In the 50th year of its existence, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is more than ever looking for a new role. The war in Ukraine and other conflicts in the OSCE area show how important the work of civil society organisations is in times of war and crisis - especially in fields where the state's ability to act is limited. In an increasingly fragile international order, the OSCE should refocus on its strengths in regional conflict management and take greater account of the expertise of civil society. Moreover, representatives of civil society should get involved in the structures of the OSCE more systematically than has been the case to date, not only formally but also in practice. The Helsinki Conference on 31 July 2025, which commemorates the adoption of the CSCE Final Act, offers a good starting point. |
| Keywords: | Helsinki Conference, Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, OSCE, Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, CSCE, Helsinki Committee, conflict cycle, delimitation, demarcation, government-organised non-governmental organisations, GONGO, Civic Solidarity Platform, CSP, Forum for Security Co-operation, FSC, Anu Juvonen, Eastern Partnership/Russia Programme |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:324889 |
| By: | Muhammad Ayaz (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Balochistan); Charlotte Fontan-Sers (Centre de recherche de l'ESC Pau - ESC PAU - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Pau Business School); Helene Maisonnave (ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Mazhar Yasin Mughal (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de recherche de l'ESC Pau - ESC PAU - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Pau Business School) |
| Abstract: | The 2022 Ukraine conflict has contributed to a major spike in international commodity prices. In this study, we conduct a top-down, macro-micro simulation analysis by combining Computable General Equilibrium simulations with data from the 2018-19 Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey to analyze the impact of global price shock to four major commodities, namely wheat, vegetable oil, petroleum, and fertilizers. We come up with evidence for a significant, non-negligible negative impact of the price shock, both at the aggregate and the household level: Real GDP shrinks and real household consumption and income decrease. The drop in consumption and income is more visible among farm households, with the two falling by 5% and 3.48% respectively. The consumption and income of the above-median income households fall more steeply, and income inequality decreases. The USD3.2 headcount poverty rate at the 2018 purchasing power parity increases by 1.15%. Urban households show the worst decline in food security, both in incidence and intensity. The role of petrol prices in driving poverty among rural farm households and that of food stuff (wheat and vegetable oil prices) in aggravating urban food security is particularly evident. These findings highlight the poverty and food security-worsening dimension of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict. |
| Keywords: | Welfare, Poverty, Food security, Macro-micro models, Ukraine war, Pakistan |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05205510 |
| By: | Md. Al-Amin; Muneeb Tahir; Amit Talukder; Abdullah Al Mamun; Md Tanjim Hossain; Nigar Sultana |
| Abstract: | Several noteworthy scenarios emerged in the global textile and fashion supply chains during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The destabilizing influences of a global pandemic and a geographically localized conflict are being acutely noticed in the worldwide fashion and textile supply chains. This work examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russo-Ukraine conflict, Israel-Palestine conflict, and Indo-Pak conflict on supply chains within the textile and fashion industry. This research employed a content analysis method to identify relevant articles and news from sources such as Google Scholar, the Summon database of North Carolina State University, and the scholarly news portal NexisUni. The selected papers, news articles, and reports provide a comprehensive overview of the fashion, textile, and apparel supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, accompanied by discussions from common supply chain perspectives. Disruptions due to COVID-19 include international brands and retailers canceling orders, closures of stores and factories in developing countries, layoffs, and furloughs of workers in both retail stores and supplier factories, the increased prominence of online and e-commerce businesses, the growing importance of automation and digitalization in the fashion supply chain, considerations of sustainability, and the need for a resilient supply chain system to facilitate post-pandemic recovery. In the case of the Russo-Ukraine war, Israel-Palestine war, and Indo-Pak war, the second-order effects of the conflict have had a more significant impact on the textile supply chain than the direct military operations themselves. In addition to these topics, the study delves into the potential strategies for restoring and strengthening the fashion supply chain |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.00207 |
| By: | Albrecht, Aljoscha; Vorrath, Judith |
| Abstract: | Die existentielle Not der Menschen im Gazastreifen prägt derzeit außen- und sicherheitspolitische Debatten. Dort ist die Lage der Zivilbevölkerung besonders dramatisch. Doch auch anderswo - von der Ukraine über Sudan und Myanmar bis zur Demokratischen Republik Kongo und Haiti - haben Kriege und gewaltsame Konflikte verheerende Folgen für die Bevölkerung. In dieser Hinsicht zeichnet auch der Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen (VN) in seinem im Mai veröffentlichten jährlichen Bericht ein düsteres Bild. Zugleich greifen die gängigen internationalen Mittel der Konfliktbeilegung immer weniger. Daher ist es dringend geboten, wichtige Veränderungen im Konfliktgeschehen systematisch zu erfassen und Ansätze zum Schutz der Zivilbevölkerung auf dieser Grundlage neu zu justieren. |
| Keywords: | Keword Dok.-Eigenschaften, neue Kriege, bewaffnete Konflikte, Gewalt gegen Zivilbevölkerung, zivile Opfer, Gazastreifen, Ukraine, Sudan, Myanmar, Demokratische Republik Kongo, Haiti, Libyen, Mali, Zentralafrikanische Republik, Syrien, Tigray, Vereinte Nationen, Konfliktakteure, bewaffnete Gruppen, internationalisierte Konflikte, Konfliktökonomien, Waffenlieferungen, Drohnen, EWIPA, IEDs, Massaker, Blockaden, SGBV, Zukunftspakt der Vereinten Nationen, Zukunftspakt von 2024 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:324898 |
| By: | Douglas, Nadja |
| Abstract: | Im 50. Jahr ihres Bestehens sucht die Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE) mehr denn je nach einer neuen Rolle. Der Krieg in der Ukraine und auch andere Konflikte im OSZE-Raum zeigen, wie wichtig die Arbeit zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen in Kriegs- und Krisenzeiten ist - insbesondere dort, wo staatliche Handlungsfähigkeit eingeschränkt ist. Die OSZE sollte sich in einer zunehmend fragilen internationalen Ordnung auf ihre Stärken bei der Konfliktbearbeitung vor Ort besinnen und dabei die Expertise der Zivilgesellschaft umfassender berücksichtigen. Vor allem sollten Vertreter:innen der Zivilgesellschaft nicht nur formal, sondern auch in der Praxis systematischer als bisher in die Strukturen der OSZE eingebunden werden. Die Helsinki-Konferenz am 31. Juli 2025, die dieses Jahr an die Entstehung der KSZE-Schlussakte erinnert, bietet dafür einen guten Ausgangspunkt. |
| Keywords: | Helsinki-Konferenz, Konferenz für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa, KSZE, Helsinki-Komitee, Konfliktzyklus, Delimitierung, Demarkation, GONGO, Government-organized non-governmental organization, Civic Solidarity Platform, CSP, Forum für Sicherheitskooperation, FSK, Anu Juvonen, Östliche Partnerschaft und Russland, ÖPR |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:324885 |
| By: | Maksym Homeniuk (National Bank of Ukraine) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates Ukraine's inflation attention threshold using a text-based proxy derived from the relative frequency of the word "inflation" in parliamentary speeches. During a relatively stable macroeconomic period between 2017 and 2022, the estimated threshold is approximately 9-10 percent. This finding aligns with results obtained using Google Trends data, where attention increased just prior to inflation reaching double-digit levels. Crucially, the parliamentary proxy also facilitates estimation for another stable period preceding the global financial crisis (2002-2007). The remarkably similar threshold estimates across both stable periods suggest that attention dynamics in Ukraine exhibit structural consistency under non-crisis conditions. These findings underscore the value of parliamentary speech analysis as a robust tool for tracking inflation salience in contexts with limited data availability. |
| Keywords: | inflation; attention; parliamentary speeches; threshold regression; monetary policy |
| JEL: | C82 D83 E31 E52 E71 |
| Date: | 2025–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp14-2025 |
| By: | Becker, Peter; Kempin, Ronja |
| Abstract: | Die Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union streiten wieder einmal über Geld. Genauer gesagt darüber, wie viel Geld sie für Verteidigung zahlen wollen, woher dieses Geld kommen soll und ob sie es gemeinsam ausgeben möchten. Unstrittig ist in Brüssel und den Hauptstädten, dass Europa sich besser verteidigen muss. Trotz vieler Diskussionen, Gipfelbeschlüsse, Dokumente und Initiativen ist noch immer offen, für welche Ziele und in welcher Form die EU finanzielle Aufwendungen für eine bessere europäische Verteidigungsfähigkeit aufbringen sollte. Neben frischem Geld ist vor allem eine Verständigung auf gemeinsame europäische Aufgaben und Ziele erforderlich. Auf deren Basis wäre es dann möglich, die militärische Unterstützung für die Ukraine fortzusetzen und zu verstärken, einen Binnenmarkt für Rüstungsgüter und -dienstleistungen zu schaffen und diese dann zumindest teilweise aus dem EU-Budget zu finanzieren. |
| Keywords: | European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP), EU, Europa, Verteidigung, Finanzierung, PESCO, CARD, EDF, EDIRPA, EDIP, ReArm Europe, Bereitschaft 2030, ASAP, Europäische Verteidigungsunion, Rüstungsbinnenmarkt |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:324884 |
| By: | Irina G. Tanashkina; Alexey S. Tanashkin; Alexander S. Maksimchuik; Anna Yu. Poshivailo |
| Abstract: | In this article, we review modern approaches to building interpretable models of property markets using machine learning on the base of mass valuation of property in the Primorye region, Russia. The researcher, lacking expertise in this topic, encounters numerous difficulties in the effort to build a good model. The main source of this is the huge difference between noisy real market data and ideal data which is very common in all types of tutorials on machine learning. This paper covers all stages of modeling: the collection of initial data, identification of outliers, the search and analysis of patterns in the data, the formation and final choice of price factors, the building of the model, and the evaluation of its efficiency. For each stage, we highlight potential issues and describe sound methods for overcoming emerging difficulties on actual examples. We show that the combination of classical linear regression with interpolation methods of geostatistics allows to build an effective model for land parcels. For flats, when many objects are attributed to one spatial point the application of geostatistical methods is difficult. Therefore we suggest linear regression with automatic generation and selection of additional rules on the base of decision trees, so called the RuleFit method. Thus we show, that despite such a strong restriction as the requirement of interpretability which is important in practical aspects, for example, legal matters, it is still possible to build effective models of real property markets. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.15723 |
| By: | Dobrotic, Ivana (University of Zagreb); Blum, Sonja; Kaufman, Gayle; Koslowski, Alison; Moss, Peter; Valentova, Marie |
| Abstract: | The International Network on Leave Policies and Research has been producing an annual review of leave policies and related research since 2005 (for earlier reviews, go to the network’s website www.leavenetwork.org). The review covers Maternity, Paternity and Parental leaves; leave to care for sick children and other employment-related measures to support working parents; and early childhood education and care policy. The International Review is based on country notes from each participating country, prepared by members of the network and edited by a team of network members. Each country note follows a standard format: details of different types of leave; the relationship between leave policy and early childhood education and care policy; recent policy developments; information on take-up of leave. The International Review also includes definitions of the main types of leave policies; and cross-country comparisons. These comparative overviews cover: each main type of leave; the relationship between leave and ECEC entitlements; and policy changes and developments since the previous review. We also include a technical appendix. The 2025 International Review covers 52 countries. These are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay and Vietnam. Kosovo is a new country note joining the review this year for the first time. The content of the International Review is to the best of our knowledge correct at the time of going to press, but mistakes may occur. If you should have a query or find an error, we would be grateful if you would contact the country note authors as relevant and the editors. We recommend that readers consult the most recent version of the International Review where possible, as we are unable to retrospectively rectify errors. |
| Date: | 2025–09–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5c42d_v2 |
| By: | Bendiek, Annegret; Bund, Jakob |
| Abstract: | Die Bedrohung im Cyber- und Informationsraum geht maßgeblich von autoritären Staaten wie Russland, China, Nordkorea und Iran aus, die hybride Netzwerke aus staatlichen und nichtstaatlichen Akteuren einsetzen, um Verantwortung zu verschleiern und Konflikte zu eskalieren. Langfristige Analysen verdeutlichen ihre hohe operative Aktivität und die zunehmende Vermischung von Akteursrollen. Die EU reagiert darauf mit einem umfangreichen diplomatischen Reaktionsrahmen, dessen Wirkung aber höchst umstritten ist. Eine grundlegende Reform der europäischen Cybersicherheitspolitik sollte daher dem Janus-Prinzip folgen: Sie sollte sich konsequent einem Check-up ineffizienter Strukturen und Prozesse stellen und dabei gleichzeitig die technologischen Entwicklungen in den Blick nehmen. Fünf konkrete Reformansätze bieten sich für die EU Cyber Posture an, um Synergien zu heben und eine wirksame, belastbare Antwort auf die dynamischen Bedrohungen zu finden. |
| Keywords: | Keword Dok.-Eigenschaften, Cyber- und Informationsraum, CIR, Cybersicherheitspolitik, Cyberdiplomatie, Cyber Situational Awareness, CSA, EU Cyber Posture, European Repository of Cyber Incidents, EURepoC, China, Iran, Nordkorea, Russland, Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox, CDT, Cyber Blueprint, NIS2-Richtlinie, Cyber Solidarity Act, Integrated Political Crisis Response, IPCR, Advanced Persistent Threat, APT, Attribution, Crypto-Mixer, Bulletproof-Hosting, Botnet-Controller, Operation Endgame, Computer Emergency Response Team, CERT, Cyber Rapid Response Team, CRRT, EU Cyber Defence Coordination Centre, EUCDCC, EU-CyCLONe, CSIRTs Network |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:324899 |
| By: | Vintu, Denis |
| Abstract: | Unemployment is a central indicator in macroeconomic analysis, reflecting both the performance of an economy and the well-being of its population. This paper examines unemployment from theoretical, empirical, and policy perspectives, with a particular focus on the Republic of Moldova. It begins by defining unemployment and its role as an economic and social indicator, followed by an overview of key theoretical frameworks, including Classical and Keynesian perspectives, the natural rate of unemployment, NAIRU, and the Phillips Curve. Various types of unemployment—frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal—are analyzed alongside methods of measurement such as labor force surveys and the employment-to-population ratio. The paper identifies major causes of unemployment, ranging from economic downturns and technological change to globalization, skill mismatches, and demographic factors. The consequences are explored in economic terms, such as GDP loss measured by Okun’s Law, and in social terms, including poverty, inequality, and political instability. Policy responses are discussed, including fiscal and monetary measures, education and training programs, active labor market policies, and structural reforms. A case study of the Republic of Moldova provides insight into recent unemployment trends, underlying causes, and the effectiveness of government responses. Emerging challenges—such as the impact of artificial intelligence, the rise of green jobs, global economic uncertainty, and labor mobility—are examined to assess the country’s future labor market trajectory. The findings highlight that unemployment is a multidimensional issue requiring integrated strategies that balance economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. For Moldova, success will depend on its ability to strengthen domestic job creation, enhance workforce skills, and reduce dependence on external labor markets, thereby ensuring a resilient and inclusive labor market in the face of global change. |
| Keywords: | Unemployment, Labor Market, Republic of Moldova, Economic Growth, NAIRU, Phillips Curve, Okun’s Law, Labor Mobility, Automation, Green Jobs, Fiscal Policy, Active Labor Market Policies, Globalization, Skill Mismatch, Economic Uncertainty |
| JEL: | E24 J21 J64 J68 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125701 |
| By: | Vîntu, Denis |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the implementation, effectiveness, and challenges of the inflation targeting framework in the Republic of Moldova. It explores the theoretical foundations of inflation targeting, reviews Moldova’s historical transition from high and volatile inflation to a structured monetary policy framework, and examines the National Bank of Moldova's strategies for achieving price stability. Empirical analysis of policy performance, including Taylor Rule estimates and responses to economic shocks, is presented. The study highlights the strengths of inflation targeting, such as enhanced credibility and anchored inflation expectations, while also addressing challenges related to external shocks, structural constraints, and data limitations. Finally, the paper provides perspectives for improving Moldova’s monetary policy framework, emphasizing forecasting, communication, and institutional capacity, thereby contributing to sustainable economic stability and growth. |
| Keywords: | Inflation Targeting, Taylor Rule, Monetary Policy, Republic of Moldova, Central Bank, Price Stability, Emerging Economies, Interest Rate Policy, Macroeconomic Stability, Policy Effectiveness |
| JEL: | E31 E52 E58 F41 O23 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125839 |
| By: | Zakirov, Bekzod |
| Abstract: | Critical raw materials (CRMs) and rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging as strategic resources driving the global energy transition and digital transformation, with demand projected to rise sharply over the coming decades. This paper examines Uzbekistan’s growing role in the critical minerals economy, analyzing its mineral endowments, policy reforms, and positioning within shifting geopolitical supply chains. It reviews global strategies of major powers, assesses Uzbekistan’s assets, governance challenges, and foreign investment patterns, and identifies risks related to environmental standards and overreliance on single partners. The study argues that Uzbekistan can leverage its resource base to advance green industrialization and economic diversification if it adopts transparent governance, strengthens domestic processing capacity, and pursues a balanced, multipolar partnership strategy. Policy recommendations are offered to integrate the sector into sustainable development objectives and avoid the pitfalls of resource dependency. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, rare earth elements, Uzbekistan, supply chains, green industrialization, resource governance |
| JEL: | F52 |
| Date: | 2025–08–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125749 |