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on Confederation of Independent States |
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Issue of 2024‒01‒08
sixty-four papers chosen by Alexander Harin, Modern University for the Humanities |
| By: | Isabella Neuweg |
| Abstract: | The paper presents the understanding of and attitudes towards climate change and climate policies in Ukraine, using a survey on a representative sample of more than 1 500 Ukrainians. The survey was carried out between October 2021 and February 2022 and presents the situation before Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The survey tests support for three main climate policies in detail: a green infrastructure programme, a carbon tax with cash transfers and a ban on combustion-engine cars. It shows that support for climate policies depends on three key factors: how people perceive the effectiveness of the policies in reducing emissions, how they perceive distributional impacts on lower-income households (inequality concerns), and if they think their household will gain or lose from the policy. The survey also shows that when citizens receive information that specifically addresses these concerns, they exhibit stronger support for the policy. How the policy is designed also matters: Ukrainians widely accept a carbon tax when its revenues finance green investments and/or compensate lower-income households. The paper highlights seven considerations for Ukraine policymakers to design measures that are effective and supported by citizens. Following Russia’s war of aggression and once conditions are right, Ukrainian policymakers can also use the survey results to guide the reform of the environmental tax system- one of the goals in Ukraine’s recovery and reform agenda. The survey in Ukraine that the paper describes was conducted as part of a large-scale OECD international survey of attitudes toward climate policies carried out on over 40 000 respondents in twenty countries. |
| JEL: | D78 H23 Q54 Q58 P48 |
| Date: | 2023–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:229-en&r=cis |
| By: | Bruno Durand (CEROS - Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur les Organisations et la Stratégie - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre) |
| Abstract: | 2020 was the beginning of the Covid-19 health crisis and 2021 was very similar. In early 2022, as Europe was recovering, war broke out in Ukraine. These unexpected international events have impacted and still impact global supply chains. This exposed the vulnerability of supply chains, pointing to their lack of resilience. These events allowed us to assess again the relevance of the academic work conducted on the supply chain, during the period 2008-2010, following the major subprime crisis. At the time, for some managers, the time for relocations had come. Today, the time for regionalization seems to have come… |
| Abstract: | La covid-19 et la guerre en Ukraine : révélateurs de la vulnérabilité des supply chains internationales ? Résumé L'année 2020 a été marquée par le début de la crise sanitaire de la covid-19. L'année 2021 lui a ressemblé en tous points. Début 2022, alors que l'Europe s'en relevait, la guerre a éclaté en Ukraine. Ces évènements internationaux, inattendus, ont impacté et impactent toujours les supply chains mondiales. Ils nous ont révélé la vulnérabilité des chaînes d'approvisionnement, pointant leur manque de résilience. Ces évènements nous ont encore permis d'apprécier la pertinence des travaux académiques conduits sur la chaîne logistique, lors de la période 2008-2010, suite à la crise majeure des subprimes. À l'époque, pour certains managers, l'heure des relocalisations avait sonné. Aujourd'hui, c'est l'heure de la régionalisation qui semble arrivée… |
| Keywords: | global supply chains, vulnerability, Russian-Ukrainian war, regionalization, Covid-19, supply chains internationales, vulnérabilité, guerre en Ukraine, régionalisation |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04297781&r=cis |
| By: | Isachenko, Daria; Swistek, Göran |
| Abstract: | Das Schwarze Meer ist ein Spannungsfeld. Es ist Schauplatz der Russland-Nato-Konfrontation und Projektionsfläche der russischen und türkischen Vorstellungen einer regionalen Ordnung. Die Sonderrolle der Türkei in der Region ergibt sich in erster Linie aus der Umsetzung des Vertrags von Montreux, der über weite Teile des vergangenen Jahrhunderts einseitige Einflussbereiche und Vormachtstellungen reduzierte. Die Nicht-Anrainer-Staaten sollen dabei außen vor bleiben. Für die Türkei ist der Vertrag von Montreux ein Machtinstrument. Der russische Einmarsch in der Ukraine im Februar 2022 hat es ihr ermöglicht, dieses Instrument noch stärker im Dienste der eigenen strategischen Interessen einzusetzen. Der Handlungsspielraum der Nato dagegen hat sich in der entstandenen Situation verengt. Zwar ist die Türkei ein wesentliches Element in der kollektiven Verteidigung der Allianz. Seit Ausbruch des russischen Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine ist die Nato aber nicht mehr im Schwarzen Meer präsent. Damit fehlt ein wichtiger Pfeiler zur Abschreckung und Verteidigung. Insofern gibt es im Schwarzmeerraum einen Dualismus der Ordnungsvorstellungen auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen: der regionalen und der globalen. |
| Keywords: | Schwarzes Meer, Schwarzmeerraum, Türkei, Russland, Ukraine, Bosporus, Dardanellen, Marmarameer, Asowsches Meer, Vertrag von Montreux, Active Endeavour, Black Sea Harmony, BlackSeaFor, Tailored Forward Presence, Abschreckung und Dialog |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279911&r=cis |
| By: | Wachs, Lydia |
| Abstract: | Mit der European Sky Shield Initiative (ESSI) will Deutschland die europäische Luftverteidigung und Raketenabwehr insbesondere gegen russische Flugkörper stärken. Zwar dürfte Moskau kurz- bis mittelfristig weder Anreize noch genügend militärische Mittel haben, um die Nato mit Langstreckenwaffen anzugreifen. Doch wenn Luftverteidigung und Raketenabwehr in Europa verbessert werden, lässt sich damit auch Russlands Fähigkeit reduzieren, die Nato-Staaten politisch zu erpressen. Das wiederum würde dem Zusammenhalt der Allianz dienen. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen und das Potential der Initiative voll auszuschöpfen, müssen jedoch Fragen auf strategischer, technisch-operativer und politischer Ebene geklärt werden. Sonst könnte ESSI eher dazu beitragen, die Nato politisch und technisch zu fragmentieren. |
| Keywords: | European Sky Shield Initiative (ESSI), europäische Luftverteidigung und Raketenabwehr, Nato, Russland, Krieg gegen die Ukraine, Langstreckenwaffen, Marschflugkörper, Iris-T SLM, Patriot, Arrow |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279915&r=cis |
| By: | Klein, Margarete; Major, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Seit Februar 2022 verteidigt sich die Ukraine gegen einen erneuten, diesmal vollumfänglichen Angriffskrieg Russlands. Nachdem sich die Maßnahmen zur unmittelbaren Unterstützung der Ukraine - militärische, diplomatische, finanzielle und humanitäre - eingespielt haben, gilt es nun, die langfristige Sicherheit des Landes zu konzipieren. Sicherheitszusagen sollten politische, wirtschaftliche und militärische Pfeiler umfassen. Eine Nato-Mitgliedschaft wäre dabei zentral. Sie liegt im geostrategischen und normativen Interesse der Nato, auch wenn ihre Umsetzung risikovoll und schwierig ist. Die Alliierten sollten der Ukraine auf dem Gipfel im Juli praktische Schritte zum Beitritt aufzeigen, um den Übergang von Sicherheitszusagen zu -garantien zu definieren. |
| Keywords: | Ukraine, EU, Nato, Russland, Ukraine-Krieg, Ukrainekrieg, Krieg gegen die Ukraine, Angriffskrieg Russlands, Nato-Beitritt Ukraine, Sicherheitszusagen, Sicherheitsgarantien, Nato-Gipfel Vilnius 2023, Kyiv Security Compact, Sicherheit der Ukraine, Sicherheit Europas, europäische Sicherheitsordnung, Systeme kollektiver Verteidigung, Artikel 5 Nato-Vertrag |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279919&r=cis |
| By: | Fischer, Sabine |
| Abstract: | Direkte Verhandlungen über einen Waffenstillstand im Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine brachen bereits nach wenigen Monaten ab. Heute versuchen Moskau und Kyjiw, durch diplomatische Initiativen den internationalen Kontext des Krieges in ihrem Sinne zu beeinflussen. Die russische Kriegsdiplomatie zielt darauf ab, den "kollektiven Westen" auf globaler Ebene zu schwächen. Dies soll dazu beitragen, dass die externe Unterstützung für die Ukraine zum Erliegen kommt. Die Ukraine arbeitet darauf hin, Russland zu isolieren. Derweil setzt Russland seinen völkerrechtswidrigen Angriffskrieg fort. Deutschland und seine Partner müssen die Ukraine weiter militärisch stärken, um künftige Waffenstillstandsverhandlungen überhaupt erst zu ermöglichen. |
| Keywords: | Russland, Ukraine, Krieg gegen die Ukraine, Friedensverhandlungen, Waffenstillstandsverhandlungen, Diplomatie, Kopenhagener Prozess, Bachmut, Black Sea Grain Initiative, BSGI, Grain from Ukraine, kollektiver Westen, Antikolonialismus, BRICS, Friedensformel, Kyiv Security Compact, security commitments, Sicherheitsgarantien |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279947&r=cis |
| By: | Chernyakova, Elena (Чернякова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Yastrebova, Ekaterina (Ястребова, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Aslapovskaya, Lyubov (Аслаповская, Любовь) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Deepening digitalization leads to increasing involvement of people in pastimes and activities on various platforms, and, accordingly, a significant increase in the income of individuals from YouTube (YouTube), VK, and other similar sources of income through subscriptions, donations, advertising, etc. The changes that began in Russia in the spring of 2022, changes in the composition of digital income sources (change in the number of foreign sources, reorientation to Asian platforms, and the growth in the number of popular Russian platforms), do not change the essence of the situation with the need to control digital income. The coronavirus pandemic has changed many areas of life and the activities of individuals, companies, and countries. It should be noted that the coronavirus pandemic, in which people were in self-isolation, and some people lost their jobs, also contributed to a significant increase in income from the respective platforms. Another modern trend is the widespread use of self-employed regimes in the economy, the work of people outside labor contracts. The use of these regimes not only simplifies the involvement of individuals in legal business activities but also provides additional opportunities for tax evasion. The most striking example is the Uber case in the UK. The expansion of the use of cryptocurrencies and the beginning of the actual taxation of income from cryptocurrencies is also another modern trend. All the above trends indicate the relevance of the work and require detailed analysis, based on the results of which it is advisable to adjust the tax legislation of Russia. The subject of the study is the income of individuals received from sources that exist in digital form. The main goal of the study is to modernize some aspects of the current system of taxation of individuals to ensure the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation and the fiscal interests of the state. The main tasks to be solved within the framework of the study: an overview of the main modern changes in the world and Russia that affect or may affect the taxation of individuals; identification and analysis of modern trends in the taxation of individuals in the world; identification and analysis of additional modern trends in the taxation of individuals, characteristic of Russia; preparation of proposals for improving the taxation of individuals in Russia. Research methods - a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, system analysis, the method of analogy, and the general logical method of generalization, comparative legal, structural, and functional analysis. The sources of information in the study are research materials of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative bases, websites of tax authorities of the countries of the world, the information presented on the digital platforms themselves, the media, and other sources. The scientific novelty of the study is primarily due to the novelty of the very issue of obtaining significant income for individuals from sources that exist in digital form. In addition, the scientific novelty of the study is due to the analysis of the latest scientific research on this issue, as well as the latest changes in tax legislation and initiatives of the tax authorities of foreign countries on the topic of the study. It should be noted that regulation in the field of cryptocurrencies is only being formed in the world. The result of the work will be the preparation of proposals for improving the legislative framework for taxation and administration of income of individuals in Russia received from sources that exist in digital form. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the following conclusions were drawn both at the country level and the OECD level, there is a tendency to involve platforms in the fulfillment of tax obligations by taxpayers when they receive income in digital form. However, the level of platform engagement varies. This is how Youtube withholds tax on the income of individuals at the source, and for example, Twitch and Patreon accumulate information about the income received by individuals and share it with taxpayers and the tax service, leaving the obligation to pay tax for individuals. In terms of advertising, it can be said that there are several options for the interaction of creators with advertising companies, in some cases, such interaction can be qualified as labor activity. Accordingly, the taxation of income received may vary. We point out that from September 1, 2022, amendments to the law on advertising came into force in Russia, which can fill with practical meaning the theoretical possibility of various taxation of income from the interaction of creators with advertising companies. Also interesting is the experience in terms of dividing a person's activities into hobbies and entrepreneurship and, accordingly, the difference in taxation. In terms of cryptocurrencies, the initiatives of Asian countries are primarily interesting. As recommendations, it seems appropriate to consider foreign experience in terms of the taxation of such individuals as bloggers and streamers, and the involvement of digital platforms in the fulfillment by individuals of their tax obligations. In the future, this work can become the basis for work to improve the taxation of the entire system for obtaining relevant income, including not only individuals but also companies. |
| Keywords: | personal income taxes, sharing economy, gig economy, cryptocurrencies, blogger, streamer, social networks, labor relations |
| Date: | 2022–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220283&r=cis |
| By: | Gromov, Vladimir (Громов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Topical issues of the Russian state tax policy are referred to reducing administrative burden and increasing tax collection by means of information technologies being combined with the functions of tax authorities. Measures like that are usually included in the concept of digitalization. For recent years it has become one of the main priorities for the Federal Tax Service of Russia which are now strongly focused on increasing the transparency of financial and economic activities as well simplification of tax payment rules. And a single tax account represents a notable innovation in the area of the Russian tax administration. Objective and comprehensive analysis of its mechanism opens up a new direction in the study of tax digitalization which has a number of outstanding problems. The aim of the working paper is to formulate proposals concerning the pace of implementation of the single tax account on the basis of a balanced approach that takes into account the interests of both the state and economic entities. For this purpose, we identify advantages and benefits of tax payments consolidation along with limitations and risks. According to the results of the study we conclude that drastic mass implementation of the single tax account as a mandatory procedure for paying taxes outstrips the readiness of businesses to use it and can cause difficulties due to both possible technological failures for government and partial loss of control over financial flows for businesses. From this we argue that the better practice would be extending the experiment instead of accelerating the reform. Our recommendations are also to save the usual procedure for paying taxes until broad feedback is used for timely elimination of interaction shortcomings. |
| Keywords: | administrative burden, digitalization, pilot project, tax administration, single tax account |
| JEL: | H11 E62 |
| Date: | 2022–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220287&r=cis |
| By: | Blanga-Gubbay, Michael; Rubínová, Stela |
| Abstract: | Using monthly data on trade in goods between January 2016 and May 2023, this study assesses the impact of recent shocks on the fragmentation of the global economy, looking in particular at the dynamics of friend-shoring, near-shoring and decoupling between the world's two largest economies. Results based on gravity model regressions with high-dimensional fixed effects show that trade flows have become more sensitive to geopolitical distance since the start of the war in Ukraine, leading to the first signs of overall trade fragmentation along geopolitical lines, i.e. friend-shoring. Trade in goods between hypothetical East and West blocs has grown 4 per cent slower than intra-bloc trade since the start of the war. On the other hand, we find no evidence of an increased regionalisation of world trade since the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic or the war in Ukraine. Therefore, our results suggest that near-shoring strategies did not have a large impact on world trade. Finally, our results confirm that the increased trade tensions between the world's two largest economies have significantly reduced their bilateral trade, a trend that has been exacerbated by the geopolitical tensions and uncertainty created by the war in Ukraine. |
| Keywords: | global trade outlook, empirical studies of trade, fragmentation, decoupling |
| JEL: | F01 F14 F52 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:280428&r=cis |
| By: | Joshua Aizenman; Robert Lindahl; David Stenvall; Gazi Salah Uddin |
| Abstract: | We investigate the event-based geopolitical shocks from the Russian invasion of Ukraine on selected agricultural and energy commodities using daily event-based structural vector autoregression (SVAR). We find that the geopolitical shock affects the markets of wheat (3%) and European natural gas (12%). However, substantial heterogeneity is observed among the food and energy markets. Geopolitical risk affects the European natural gas market more strongly than the US and Asian markets. The regional segment of natural gas markets could explain this. Finally, the dynamics of the impacts of geopolitical news are analyzed in the stock, currency, and bond markets. |
| JEL: | F30 F50 G10 G14 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31950&r=cis |
| By: | Yuzhakov, Vladimir (Южаков, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Dobrolyubova, Elena (Добролюбова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Efremov, Alexey (Ефремов, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study relates to the context of increasing use of government-regulated, initiated, conducted or supported by government experiments, there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency to ensure the quality of government. The objective of the paper is assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments, including experimental legal regimes, in the public administration of the Russian Federation and developing proposals for improving the application of this public administration tool in order to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency. The subject of this research is legal regulation and experimentation in the practice of public administration in the Russian Federation. Research methods include analytical methods (comparative legal, structural and functional analysis, content analysis, synthesis), statistical methods, and legal and technical methods. The results of the study include an analysis of data on legal regulation and the practice of conducting experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022; assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as proposals for improving the use of this public administration tool in order to ensure the achievement of the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The research allows us to draw the following conclusions. In the Russian practice of applying experiments in public administration, there is no systematic assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, both at the stage of their development and at the stage of their implementation. In the absence of such an assessment, it is impossible to make informed decisions about the appropriateness of both conducting experiments and scaling the results obtained; their contribution to the achievement of the national development goals of the country is not obvious either. The scientific novelty of the research lies in assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022. Recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need exclude the adoption of programs for conducting experiments and regulations on their conduct that do not contain performance and efficiency indicators, their basic and target values; legislatively establish the procedure for publishing reports on the results of experiments in the field of public administration, including an assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency (with the exception of cases where the subject of the experiments is information constituting a state secret); legally distinguish between the concepts of effectiveness and success of experiments; establish the expediency of replicating the results of only those experiments, the success of which - including for the implementation of national development goals - has been proven based on the results of their implementation. |
| Keywords: | Public administration, experiments, experimental legal regimes |
| JEL: | H11 K40 |
| Date: | 2022–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220282&r=cis |
| By: | Zemlyanskiy, Dmitry (Землянский, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chuzhenkova, Valeria (Чуженькова, Валерия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abdullaev, Alexander (Абдуллаев, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kalinovskiy, Leonid (Калиновский, Леонид) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Medvednikova, Darina (Медведникова, Дарина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The research work is devoted to the comprehensive monitoring of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions for 9 months of 2022. The relevance and practical significance of the study lies in the need for constant monitoring and diagnostics of the socioeconomic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain key types of territories due to changes in the socio-economic situation during the pandemic and the growth of sanctions pressure in 2022. The monitoring carried out makes it possible to comprehensively assess the risks of socio-economic development of the country's regions and identify subjects that require increased attention from the federal executive authorities. The main aim of the study: to assess the changes in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2021-2022 for the purposes of transforming the state policy in the field of spatial development. In accordance with this aim, the following tasks were determined to be solved within the framework of the study: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2020-2022; analyze and identify the existing disproportions in the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The following were used as key research methods: statistical analysis, economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, methods for constructing infographics and comparative analysis. Based on the monitoring results, it was determined that significant changes have occurred in the economic and social development of the regions over the past year. It has been established that according to the results of 9 months of 2022, the territories that were the leaders or the middle peasants in terms of the level of socio-economic development in previous years, as well as those regions that are characterized by a protracted systemic crisis, turned out to be in the worst situation. It is expected that at the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 there will be a gradual deterioration of the socio-economic situation, which will be associated with a further expansion of the geography of the recession, which will be accompanied not so much by an increase in negative dynamics in the economy, but by an increase in social problems. |
| Keywords: | budget loans, budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation, infrastructure menu, infrastructure development, regional development, budget situation of the subjects of the Russian Federation, public debt |
| JEL: | J10 R11 R12 R50 |
| Date: | 2022–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220288&r=cis |
| By: | Olga, Evseeva |
| Abstract: | In 2022, there was a sharp change in the geopolitical situation in the world, which significantly affected both the global economy as a whole, and the energy and gas industry in particular. European countries have begun to refuse to supply Russian natural gas. The European Union has developed documents that develop measures for gradual and painless exclusion from the consumption of Russian gas. In this regard, in 2022, the extraction and export of the fundamental natural resource from Russia sharply decreased. In the medium term, the EU countries plan to completely switch to alternative sources. In this regard, the Russian gas industry faces huge risks and problems in reorienting the released volumes of natural gas. This article is devoted to the analysis of the situation on the gas market, prospects and forecasts of Russia's role in it in connection with the changing geopolitical situation. |
| Keywords: | natural gas, gas pipelines, liquefied natural gas, gas production, gas export, Gazprom, Russia, EU, China, International Energy Agency |
| JEL: | F02 Q43 |
| Date: | 2023–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119258&r=cis |
| By: | Häberli, Christian; Kostetsky, Bogdan |
| Abstract: | The latest report on "Repairing Broken Food Trade Routes Ukraine – Africa” covers: Production and trade risks for global food security Investment risks for Ukraine Diversification and processing as partial solutions to the export problems Importance of Ukraine’s victory for global food security This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme “Making Agricultural Trade Sustainable” (MATS) programme (https://sustainable-agri-trade.eu/). The role of MATS/WTI in this programme is to identify and explore “broken” Ukrainian - African food trade routes due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Starting with a food trade flow chart pre- and post-24 February 2022, it will assess, first, whether Ukrainian (or African) traders can again supply these products (Output 1). Failing that, whether the new EU-financed “Crisis Management” (or another) programme can possibly make up for lost Ukrainian agrifood exports (Output 2). It will also identify alternative exporters (if any) that might already have filled in agrifood demand in Africa (Output 3). Importantly, the Project also looks at the potential effect of these developments on competing farm production in Africa (Output 4). For further information, please write to Christian Häberli (Christian.Haeberli@wti.org) or Bogdan Kostetsky (bogdan.kostetsky@gmail.com). |
| Date: | 2023–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wti:papers:1426&r=cis |
| By: | Vedev, Alexey (Ведев, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Silchuk, Aleksandra (Сильчук, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tuzov, Konstantin (Тузов, Константин) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kovaleva, Marina (Ковалева, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Eremkin, Vladimir (Ерёмкин, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have affected all existing forecasts of socioeconomic development. At the same time, a number of new support measures have appeared, both at the federal level and at the regional level. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current support measures aimed at the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, which seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of industry support measures in a crisis caused by non-economic reasons. The subject of the study is the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of the economic activity of the Russian Federation. The research method or methodology is to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis, a review of research literature (Russian and foreign), an analysis of foreign practices in providing business support, an assessment of financial stability and the effectiveness of support measures in a pandemic As a result of the work carried out, the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of economic activity, both in foreign countries and in federal and regional support measures for Russia, were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis and application of the experience of foreign countries in Russian realities and the study of the contribution to the Russian economy of the impact of existing support measures. The recommendations obtained as a result of the study indicate the need to calculate the effectiveness of support measures before its introduction. |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics, support measures, financial market, medium-term planning, fiscal system, recovery growth |
| JEL: | C53 E17 E37 E47 G17 |
| Date: | 2022–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220298&r=cis |
| By: | Nikulin, Alexander (Никулин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Vinogradsky, Valery (Виноградский, Валерий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Vinogradskaya, Olga (Виноградская, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Trotsuk, Irina (Троцук, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that suburban agricultural enterprises are becoming innovative ‘locomotives’ of rural development and form the epicenter of the agrarian and economic contradictions in contemporary Russia. The study aims at a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the scale, forms and branches of the suburban and urban agriculture in Russia, and at identifying the technological and social-ecological vectors of its development. The subject of the study is social transformations determined by the technological schemes and industrial-agricultural clusters in the suburban areas of Russian regions. The study combines methods of quantitative (statistical data, secondary analysis) and qualitative approaches (observations, semi-formalized expert interviews) within the case study. The results of the study include the typology of social transformations taking place in cities and their suburban areas with the intensive development of new agricultural practices and enterprises; the demographic characteristics of the employed in such industries; and the most important sectoral and institutional forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The paper concludes that the projects for the creation of new technologies and branches of agricultural production in suburban areas are not so much focused on the immediate commercial goals as motivated by the interests of establishing a system of smallscale agricultural ‘cells’ designed to provide urban families with quality local products. Such a diversification of food production can provide non-standard employment for citizens and increase their level of food security. The novelty of the study is determined by the analysis of the suburban phenomenon not as a reserve-serving territory but as a multifunctional social-economic entity capable of performing both economic-auxiliary and such non-standard functions as the production and organization of social-cultural phenomena in a special rural, social-ecological space. The paper provides some recommendations such as closer links between rural and urban food systems; and a system of special seminars and courses on the basis of agricultural universities in the interests of innovative agricultural enterprises in the suburbs. |
| Keywords: | agricultural enterprises, agricultural technologies, suburban areas, agricultural regions, urban agriculture, social-economic differentiation |
| Date: | 2022–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220299&r=cis |
| By: | Artem Kochnev (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Bernhard Moshammer; Jan Muś; Waltraut Urban (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Chart of the Month Estimated reconstruction needs in Ukraine by Artem Kochnev Opinion Corner EU enlargement reality check – integration rather than membership by Jan Muś Despite the optimistic declarations by many EU leaders, the ambitions of Ukraine and Moldova regarding membership of the EU are likely to be put on ice indefinitely. This is strongly suggested by the case of the Western Balkans, where there has been far more integration (in terms of the economy and remittances) than actual institutional inclusion in EU structures. This often gives rise to the criticism that the EU’s policy on its eastern periphery reflects the expansionary process of a capitalist economy, rather than its much-vaunted democratic values. This may undermine its soft power in the regions concerned. ‘China plus X’ how might it work? by Waltraut Urban With a share of around 20%, China is by far the largest source of imports to the EU. This raises concerns over one-sided dependence and potential vulnerabilities and has given rise to calls for diversification the so-called ‘China plus X’ strategy. However, empirical studies show that only about 14% of Chinese imports can be considered to be of strategic importance. For some of those – such as rare earth minerals, active pharmaceutical ingredients, Li-ion batteries and solar products – the potential for diversification is particularly low. This calls for supportive government measures. EU-Caucasus trade and political relations in the wake of the Ukraine war by Bernhard Moshammer Although, as the largest export destination and the second-biggest source of imports, the EU is a key trading partner for the Caucasus region, EU-Caucasian political relations continue to be dominated by issues that extend beyond the sphere of trade. The war in Ukraine has shifted the dynamics of power in the region, fostered the debate on Georgia’s potential EU membership and brought the EU into the role of mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict – a consequence of Russia losing its leverage in the region, due to its own war in Ukraine. Monthly and quarterly statistics for Central, East and Southeast Europe |
| Keywords: | Russia-Ukraine war, reconstruction needs, EU enlargement, Common Foreign and Security Policy, economic integration, ‘China plus X’, critical dependence, import diversification, trade relations, European Neighbourhood Policy, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:mpaper:mr:2023-06&r=cis |
| By: | Carl Grekou (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emmanuel Hache (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRIS - Institut de Relations Internationales et Stratégiques); Frédéric Lantz (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School); Olivier Massol (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec); Valérie Mignon (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Lionel Ragot (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique) |
| Abstract: | The war in Ukraine is shaking up the European energy scene and its dependence on Russia. This article analyzes the stakes and challenges for Europe of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the gas market. It first highlights the evolution and extent of the dependence of European economies on Russian gas and discusses the economic impacts that have been evident since the beginning of the hostilities. It then describes the various responses implemented in Europe to emancipate itself from this dependence. Finally, it discusses some of the blind spots in European decisions and outlines various ways to overcome them. |
| Abstract: | La guerre en Ukraine bouleverse la scène énergétique européenne et sa relation de dépendance à la Russie. Cet article analyse les enjeux et les défis, pour l'Europe, du conflit russo-ukrainien sur le marché gazier. Il met d'abord en évidence l'évolution et l'ampleur de la dépendance des économies européennes au gaz russe et en discute les impacts économiques qui se sont manifestés dès le début des hostilités. Il décrit ensuite les différentes réponses mises en œuvre en Europe pour s'émanciper de cette dépendance. Enfin, il discute quelques angles morts des décisions européennes et esquisse diverses pistes pour les dépasser. |
| Keywords: | Russo-Ukrainian War, Natural Gas Markets, Energy security, Guerre en Ukraine, Dépendance énergétique, Gaz naturel, Europe, Russie |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03955439&r=cis |
| By: | Peez, Anton (Goethe University Frankfurt); Bethke, Felix S. |
| Abstract: | Does US public opinion on international affairs affect political elites’ policy preferences? Most research assumes that political elites do indeed consider public opinion in their decision-making process. However, this key assumption is difficult to test empirically given limited research access to political elites. We examine elite responsiveness to public opinion on sanctioning Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We fielded a pre-registered experiment within the 2022/23 TRIP survey of US foreign policy practitioners, offering a rare opportunity for a fairly large elite survey experiment (n = 253) with important policy actors who have not been studied in this context. We used current public polling highly supportive of increasing sanctions as an information treatment. Our research design, involving a highly salient real-world issue and treatment, substantially expands on previous work. Exposure to the treatment raises elite support for increasing sanctions from 68.0% to 76.3% (+8.3 percentage points). While sizable, this effect is smaller than those identified elsewhere. We argue that this difference is driven by pre-treatment dynamics, ceiling effects, and issue salience, and is therefore all the more notable. While our results support previous research, they also highlight issues of external validity and the context dependence of elite responsiveness. |
| Date: | 2023–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qzrj2&r=cis |
| By: | Kleiner, George |
| Abstract: | Despite the variety of indicators describing the economy of each country, a generalized qualitative description of the economy can be performed using the concept of the “economic image” of a certain country, indicating a key subsystem from among the traditionally distinguished tiers of the economy - macroeconomics, mesoeconomics, microeconomics, nanoeconomics. It has been shown that for Russia such a subsystem is mesoeconomics which acts as a link between macro- and microeconomics. The necessity of developing an economic policy aimed at the institutional and functional development of the Russian meso-economy has been emphasized. |
| Keywords: | economic image of the country, macroeconomics, mesoeconomics, microeconomics, nanoeconomics, system economics |
| JEL: | A10 N0 |
| Date: | 2023–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119308&r=cis |
| By: | Nelly Petkova; Krzysztof Michalak; Yuliia Oharenko |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the progress of fossil-fuel subsidy reform in Ukraine since its launch in 2016 using the OECD “bottom-up”, inventory, approach. It also identifies major subsidy schemes that need significant reform. The report reflects the energy subsidy policies and reforms in Ukraine prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022. The analysis covers: budgetary transfers, government revenue foregone (or tax expenditure), induced transfers in the form of cross-subsidies or below market tariffs and transfer of risk to government. The study also covers fossil-fuels subsidies to production and consumption, particularly, for natural gas, coal and electricity generated from fossil fuels while support for energy efficiency and renewables is considered for comparative purposes. This report also briefly discusses the taxation and energy pricing policies in Ukraine that have had direct or indirect impact on the evolution of fossil-fuel subsidies in the country. Detailed estimates of all individual support measures are provided in the Annexes to the report. |
| Keywords: | energy sector, energy sector reform, energy taxation policy, fossil-fuel subsidies |
| JEL: | H23 H53 H61 H71 P18 Q35 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:228-en&r=cis |
| By: | Kovalev, Sergey (Ковалев, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Yashina, Elena (Яшина, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Lukichev, Konstantin (Лукичев, Константин) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Turzin, Petr (Турзин, Петр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Generalov, Andrey (Генералов, Андрей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Evseev, Alexander (Евсеев, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is due to the need for intensive implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, the formed demand from large non-core industrial companies, investments of which are attracted for the implementation of these science and money-intensive areas. Subject of research: non-core investment activities of large industrial companies in innovative biotechnology projects. Objective: formation of approaches to the management of the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech healthcare and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by Russian companies. Scientific novelty is determined by the development of new methods, technologies and approaches to managing the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by large non-core industrial companies. The research was conducted in 2022, at RANEPA, using a set of analytical methods, questionnaires and programming. Methods: observation; surveying, system analysis, socio-economic analysis; comparative legal analysis; multi-agent systems theory; formal analysis of historical phenomena; elements of expert systems theory, database creation. Results: The results of the analysis of the existing situation with the real practice of organizing the work of large non-core industrial companies in the search, selection, examination and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology: a summary classifier of the main scientific and practical disciplines in the field of "biotechnology"; a database of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology; a form of a Project Sheet submitted for expert evaluation for investment. a base of regulatory normative legal acts; the methodology of the sociological research of organizational approaches of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the development of noncore investments by large industrial companies into innovative projects in the field of development and implementation of medical materials, including biotechnologies. The first results of the sociological research with the proposals from several regions were received. Proposals for the formation of a screening program for preventive laboratory biochemical examination of workers; a business planning procedure for the creation of a multidisciplinary laboratory in the field of biotechnology; methodological recommendations for the examination of the investment project. Database "Electronic base of terms and definitions in the sphere of biotechnology and medicine". Encyclopedic dictionary reference book "Biotechnology: Medical Aspects". Conclusions: In recent years, the biotechnology industry of various kinds has been actively developing in Russia. However, investment by a large industrial company in biotechnology projects as a non-core activity, especially under conditions of a pandemic and when using the mechanism of sanctions, requires the creation of a special methodological apparatus. In this connection, a number of necessary methodological tools were developed in relation to the tasks of non-core activities of a large industrial company. The results of the implementation by a large industrial company of projects in the field of biotechnology, selected from the position of social efficiency and investment attractiveness, will undoubtedly have a pronounced socio-economic effect. Recommendations: The results obtained within the framework of this research can be used in the process of functioning of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, implementing their powers in the social sphere for the formation of new mechanisms of state policy in the field of health care and market economy in the conditions of pandemic and restrictive measures of economic nature. |
| Keywords: | enterprises, management, methodology, technology, innovation, biotechnology, biomedicine |
| JEL: | I15 L53 |
| Date: | 2022–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220300&r=cis |
| By: | Isabella Neuweg (OECD); Nelly Petkova (OECD); Krzysztof Michalak (OECD); Yuliia Oharenko |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses the current system of environmental taxation and environmental expenditure in Ukraine, identifies issues in the way environmental tax policy is currently designed and implemented and highlights main areas where environmental taxation and expenditure could be improved. It uses data on environmental tax revenue and budgets from expenditure reports of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine over the period 2010 - 2020. Where available, preliminary data for 2021 were also included. The paper aims to support the government of Ukraine in reforming environmental taxation and public funding for environmental protection. Ukraine’s Post-War Recovery and Reconstruction Plan outlines ambitious plans for reform, including in the environmental domain. It envisions restructuring the current environmental tax system, expanding it to energy and transport and harmonising it with that of the European Union. It also foresees an analytical study systematising current taxes and payments in line with Eurostat classification standards. This paper can support these efforts. |
| JEL: | H23 H61 H71 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:231-en&r=cis |
| By: | Kit Rickard; Gerard Toal; Kristin M. Bakke; John O'Loughlin |
| Abstract: | Collecting public opinion data is challenging in the shadow of war. And yet accurate public opinion is crucial. Political elites rely on it and often attempt to influence it. Therefore, it is incumbent on researchers to provide independent and reliable wartime polls. However, surveying in wartime presents a distinctive set of challenges. We outline two challenges facing polling in war: under-coverage and response bias. |
| Keywords: | War, Survey, Ukraine |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2023-144&r=cis |
| By: | Samovoleva, Svetlana |
| Abstract: | Improving of knowledge transfer is a key part of documents that determine the vector of development of science, technology and innovation, both in Russia and abroad. However, even with the accumulated considerable experience in the organization of knowledge transfer processes, the problem of low activity of domestic business in these processes remains unresolved. One of the main reasons is the lack of proper attention both in domestic science and policy to the absorption capacities of enterprises and knowledge absorption. The aim of this study is to identify the bottlenecks that hinder promoting knowledge absorption in Russia. For this purpose, firstly, the theoretical foundations for analyzing knowledge absorption are investigated. Secondly, the conceptual documents that define the current framework for regulating knowledge transfer in Russia are examined. Unlike the papers that aim to analyze the general advantages or disadvantages of innovation policy, this study focuses on finding bottlenecks in the regulation of knowledge absorption. The results of the paper can be useful to fine-tune the policy measures. |
| Keywords: | absorptive capacity, science and technology policy, national innovation system, regions, technological development, knowledge transfer |
| JEL: | O10 O25 O32 O33 O43 |
| Date: | 2023–09–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119311&r=cis |
| By: | Pavel D Simashenkov (Samara State University) |
| Abstract: | The article analyzes approaches to the ethicalization of officialdom in the realities of digitalization. The author believe that demonstrative behavior harms the authority of public service. Administrative ethics should be based on traditional values, the main of which are deemed to be integrity and loyalty to the Motherland. |
| Abstract: | В статье анализируются подходы к этизации чиновничества в реалиях цифровизации. Автор полагает, что демонстративность поведения вредит авторитету государственной службы. Административная этика должна базироваться на традиционных ценностях, главными из которых почитаются принципиальность и верность Отечеству. |
| Keywords: | Official culture, Bureaucracy, Human resource, Professional education, Deontological ethics, Moral philosophy, Russia |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04264236&r=cis |
| By: | Davydova Altana (Department of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University) |
| Abstract: | The paper compares the economic effects of the introduction of a national carbon taxation and the emission trading system (ETS) between the EAEU and BRICS countries in the medium-term. We also add to this group of countries Uzbekistan, which has an observer status in the EAEU, and Turkmenistan, trade and economic partner of the EAEU. The static computable general equilibrium model GTAP-E is used. Targets for reducing emissions are formulated on the basis countries’ intermediate goals, according to the national documents under the Paris Agreement. The results of simulations show that in terms of real GDP, countries such as Belarus, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Brazil, and India prefer an emission trading scheme to national taxation. While for China, South Africa, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, participation in the ETS leads to a greater reduction in GDP. Since the second group of countries has lower abatement costs than the equilibrium carbon price under the ETS, in the ETS scenario they reduce emissions by a greater amount and sell emission permits. The analysis also shows which sectors increase production after the carbon regulation. A considerable increase in production and exports is observed in chemicals, nonferrous, ferrous metals in several BRICS and EAEU countries. Despite that these industries are energy-intensive, countries decrease emissions by reducing production in the energy sectors. These industries can be potential joint comparative advantages in the context of declining demand for traditional energy sources. The findings can be useful for the integration policy. |
| Keywords: | Computable general equilibrium model, Carbon regulation, ????2 emissions, BRICS, EAEU, integrational policy |
| JEL: | D58 F11 Q43 Q48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upa:wpaper:0058&r=cis |
| By: | Evdokimov, Dmitry (Евдокимов, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Pleskachev, Yuriy (Плескачев, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ponomarev, Yuriy (Пономарев, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Salimova, Dina (Салимова, Дина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The processes of population concentration in Russian cities lead to a decrease in the population in certain territories, the depopulation of rural settlements and in some cases conflicts with national interests. In this regard, the development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hardto-reach areas seems to be an urgent research task. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas. Among the main tasks to be solved in the course of this study, one can single out: a review of the retrospective and forecast dynamics of the population of Russia in a spatial context; review of theoretical and practical research approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the effects of urbanization processes; development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas; empirical assessment of socio-economic effects from documents implemented in Russia on the development of individual territories; development of evidence-based recommendations on economic policy. Research method or methodology -systematization and analysis of international literature, economic modeling, econometric analysis. The main results of the study: developed a scientifically based approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the regulation of migration processes based on the econometric model and the model of spatial equilibrium; an empirical assessment of the socio-economic effects of measures affecting migration flows was carried out, including the following scenarios: expansion of preferential mortgage programs, cash transfers, development of transport infrastructure, changes in the cross elasticity of urban amenities, a scenario of increasing or decreasing the elasticity of substitution for workers of different qualifications. The results obtained allow us to draw a number of conclusions. According to the estimates obtained, a positive effect on migration is exerted by: the size of the population in the region, consumer spending per capita and the availability of transport infrastructure; negative effect - prices in the primary housing market, unemployment rate, crime rate. The greatest magnitude effect (in modulus) falls on consumer spending. Due to the introduction of an optimizing transfer, about 15.7% of the economically active population (11.8 million people) are resettled. This type of migration provides an increase in general welfare by 10.06%. At the same time, the most mobile category of workers, on average, is highly qualified personnel who move from large industrial zones. the population of regions in medium and sparsely populated areas. Low-skilled personnel have limited mobility. The main direction of resettlement for highly skilled workers is from the South-West to the North and East, for low-skilled workers - from the East to the South-West. Preferential mortgage increases the migration inflow in the target regions by 11.6-4.3 thousand people per year, which ensures an increase in GVA by 1.6-4.2 billion rubles, an increase in output by 3.1-8.2 billion rubles. and 1.5-3.8 thousand jobs. An increase in consumer spending may increase the migration inflow in the target regions up to 50 thousand people per year (depending on the conditions of the policy), which ensures an increase in GVA to 18.2 billion rubles, an issue of 35.1 billion rubles. and employment by 16.3 thousand people. The development of road infrastructure reduces the migration outflow in the target regions by 2-7 thousand people per year, which saves the regions 0.7-2.5 billion rubles. GVA, RUB 1.4-5 billion output and 0.7- 2.3 thousand jobs. Further work can be aimed at decomposing the obtained regional results at the municipal level, as well as developing the complexity of the factors taken into account by the proposed models. |
| Date: | 2022–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220296&r=cis |
| By: | BERTOLETTI Alice (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report examines future trajectories in early school leavers and tertiary education attainment in the EU up to 2030, based on the empirical model proposed by Dragomirescu-Gaina and Weber (2013). The forecasts indicate that the EU is likely to achieve the 45% target for tertiary education attainment by a considerable margin, while the achievement of the 9% target for early school leavers is more uncertain given the high heterogeneity across Member States. Moreover, the recent disruption of Covid-19 and Russia's invasion of Ukraine pose challenges in predicting these indicators. The report qualitatively discusses how the disruption caused by Covid-19 may have mixed impacts on educational attainment, while highlighting that the invasion and the subsequent energy crisis may lead to educational inequalities. The finding may inform policy makers on possible adjustments of the educational targets and draw attention to the importance of monitoring these indicators. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc134039&r=cis |
| By: | Koroleva, Ekaterina; Abdyukova, Elina |
| Abstract: | The authors analyzed the activities of Russian small and medium-sized businesses for 2015-2022. The article identified the main problems faced by entrepreneurs as a result of the imposition of sanctions by Western countries. The measures of state support for small businesses currently being implemented have been systematized. The authors formulated recommendations that can be useful to entrepreneurs operating in the context of the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries and an unstable economic environment. |
| Keywords: | small and medium-sized businesses, financial support, sanctions, economic environment, analysis |
| JEL: | G00 G21 M21 |
| Date: | 2023–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119290&r=cis |
| By: | Julia Zaripova; Ksenia Chuprianova; Irina Polyakova; Daria Semenova; Sofya Kulikova |
| Abstract: | Honey consumption in Russia has been actively growing in recent years due to the increasing interest in healthy and environment-friendly food products. However, it remains an open question which characteristics of honey are the most significant for consumers and, more importantly, from an economic point of view, for which of them consumers are willing to pay. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sensory characteristics in assessing consumers' willingness to pay for honey and to determine which properties and characteristics "natural" honey should have to encourage repeated purchases by target consumers. The study involved a behavioral experiment that included a pre-test questionnaire, blind tasting of honey samples, an in-room test to assess perceived quality, and a closed auction using the Becker-DeGroote-Marschak method. As the result, it was revealed that the correspondence of the expected sensations to the actual taste, taste intensity, duration of the aftertaste and the sensations of tickling in the throat had a positive effect on both the perceived quality of the product and the willingness to pay for it, while perception of off-flavors or added sugar had a negative impact. Using factor analysis, we have combined 21 sensory characteristics of honey into eight components that were sufficient to obtain the flavor portrait of honey by Russian consumers. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.18269&r=cis |
| By: | Алимбаева Лаура // Alimbayeva Laura (National Bank of Kazakhstan) |
| Keywords: | композитный опережающий индикатор, субиндексы деловой активности, производство, услуги, строительство, горнодобывающая промышленность, коинтеграция, VECM, composite leading indicator, business activity subindex, production, services, construction, mining industry, co-integration |
| JEL: | C01 C32 C51 C52 E32 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aob:wpaper:49&r=cis |
| By: | Zhou, Peng (Cardiff Business School); Guo, Dong |
| Abstract: | Facing the sanctions from the West since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia quickly converged to a strong counter-sanction strategy. The US and the EU staggered the strengths of sanctions in turns, with the EU first imposing relatively stronger commercial sanctions first and the US relaying with stronger financial sanctions later. Using US-EU-Russia sanctions as an example, we develop a multilateral, evolutionary game to capture the strategic complementarity between the sanctioners and the sanctionee, as well as the strategic substitutability between the leading sanctioner and the co-sanctioner. In an extended model, the sanction technology is introduced to endogenize how sanctions are designed before deployment. The model is then calibrated to match the summarized stylized facts, to demonstrate the simulated evolutionary paths, and to verify the derived strategic dependence. |
| Keywords: | Sanction; Strategic Dependence; Evolutionary Game Theory |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2023/28&r=cis |
| By: | Catherine Locatelli (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Mehdi Abbas (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | What are the effects of the intensification of energy interdependence between Russia, the world's second largest exporter of hydrocarbons, and China, the world's largest importer? Bilateral interdependence is the lever for the hybridization of the institutions governing international energy relations. Based on the issues of power and energy security, the intensification of interdependence leads to institutional changes, known as hybridisation, which are linked to a specific security-efficiency trade-off. Four factors shape this hybridisation: the structural context faced by the actors, the strategic behaviour of the state-firm complex, sectoral properties and existing institutional arrangements. |
| Abstract: | Quels sont les effets de l'intensification de l'interdépendance énergétique entre la Russie, deuxième exportateur mondial d'hydrocarbures, et la Chine, premier importateur mondial ? L'interdépendance bilatérale serait le levier de l'hybridation des institutions d'encadrement des relations énergétiques internationales. Centrée sur des enjeux de puissance et de sécurité énergétique, l'intensification de l'interdépendance s'accompagne de changements institutionnels, qualifiés d'hybridation, fondés sur un arbitrage sécurité-efficience spécifique. Quatre facteurs paramètrent cette hybridation : le contexte structurel auquel font face les acteurs, le comportement stratégique du complexe Etat-Entreprises, les propriétés sectorielles et les arrangements institutionnels existants. |
| Keywords: | Hybridization, Energy interdependence, Energy security, Hybridation, Interdépendance énergétique, Sécurité énergétique |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04297005&r=cis |
| By: | Kobylko, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The strategies change when there is a crisis in the economy. This is a common phenomenon. There are different opinions of researchers. The former say that the strategy must change in order to defeat competitors. Others write that the strategy is unchanged because it is too costly and difficult for the company. We have analyzed Russian companies. Managers often adjust or cancel strategies ahead of time. These are changes in goals or methods and the deadline for achieving them. We have not identified any fundamental changes in planning approaches during the pandemic and the imposition of sanctions. Strategies also adjust during a pacific period. Probably, Russian companies are in "crisis" often. Their strategies transform into tactics. We propose to change the approach to the strategy format so that it becomes more sustainable. |
| Keywords: | strategy, tactic, strategy planning, tactics, crisis, turbulent period, Russian companies, long-term planning, strategic period |
| JEL: | L10 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119305&r=cis |
| By: | Maihold, Günther; Müller, Melanie |
| Abstract: | Vom 22. bis zum 24. August 2023 wird in Johannesburg der 15. Gipfel der BRICS-Staaten (Brasilien, Russland, Indien, China und Südafrika) stattfinden. Mit der nun bestätigten virtuellen Teilnahme des russischen Präsidenten Putin konnten diplomatische Verwicklungen aufgrund des gegen ihn vom Internationalen Strafgerichtshof erlassenen Haftbefehls vermieden werden. Die Aufmerksamkeit gilt nun wieder der weiteren Entwicklung der BRICS. Im Zuge einer möglichen Erweiterung seiner Mitgliedschaft um bedeutende Rohstoffmächte könnte sich der BRICS-Verbund als Stimme des Globalen Südens konsolidieren und gleichzeitig seine weltpolitische Rolle ausweiten. Doch die Übermacht Chinas innerhalb der BRICS wird von den anderen Mitgliedern kritisch gesehen - man will sich dem weltpolitischen Vormachtstreben Pekings nicht unterordnen. Gleichwohl wird sich der Westen mit einem gestärkten Selbstbewusstsein der BRICS-Staaten und deren Vorstellungen von der internationalen Ordnung proaktiv auseinandersetzen müssen. |
| Keywords: | BRICS, Brasilien, Russland, Indien, China, Südafrika, BRICS-Gipfel Johannesburg, BRICS-Gipfel 2023, BRICS-Präsidentschaft Südafrikas, Erweiterung der BRICS, », goldene Dekade«, der BRICS, internationale Ordnung, globale Ordnung, Global Governance, multilaterales System, Neue Entwicklungsbank, NDB, Globaler Süden, Süd-Süd-Kooperation, Machtverteilung, Machtverschiebungen, Narrative, Transformation des internationalen Finanzsystems, BRICS-Währung, G7, EU |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279938&r=cis |
| By: | Talapina, Elvira (Талапина, Эльвира) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Yuzhakov, Vladimir (Южаков, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Efremov, Alexey (Ефремов, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Koziar, Daria (Козяр, Дарья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chereshneva, Irina (Черешнева, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Ensuring fundamental human rights is a constitutional duty of the Russian state. In digital age the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to implement a consistent state policy, especially with data processing in providing public services in a new proactive mode. The objective of this paper is to analyze legal regulation and develop a legal framework of data processing in the interests of providing proactive public services. The subject of the study is scientific publications, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries. The study is used formal legal and historical legal methods, method of legal interpretation as well as comparative legal method and statistical methods. The results of the study are the author's concept and typology of proactive public services, an assessment of the regulatory competence of bodies providing proactive public services, proposals for the application of the theory of informational self-determination in the context of providing proactive public services, proposals for the differentiation of legal regimes of personal data and big data processing for providing proactive public services, and what is more, legal analysis findings of data security used in proactive public service delivery. The main result of the study is a legal framework of data processing that responds to both the active intentions of a body providing a service and the subjective rights of an applicant who is a data owner. The study allows for the conclusion about the insufficient enshrinement in national legislation of the proactive public service delivery mode implemented in practice, which, meanwhile, has significant differences from the reactive mode previously implemented into the legislation. Particularly important differences relate to personal data processing and the enshrinement of general requirements for proactive public services. It is necessary to promptly develop the regulatory framework based on principles address both the rights to personal citizen data and the possibility of the state to obtain it in order to establish a regular state function to provide public services in a new format. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the lack of regulation of the public service delivery process in the proactive mode as well as the lack of empirical research of conceptual framework of the process. Based on the results of the study recommendations are to use the findings in the formation of an appropriate regulatory framework and state policy in digital public administration and data processing in the provision of proactive public services. |
| Keywords: | Data, public services, proactive government, personal data, right, big data |
| JEL: | H11 H83 K38 |
| Date: | 2022–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220284&r=cis |
| By: | Heiduk, Felix; Wirth, Christian |
| Abstract: | Nach offiziellen Verlautbarungen besteht der Hauptzweck des Quadrilateralen Sicherheitsdialogs (Quad) darin, die Zusammenarbeit der vier Partnerländer Australien, Indien, Japan und die USA bei der Bewältigung dringlicher Herausforderungen zu intensivieren; dazu zählen unter anderem Klimaschutz, Gesundheitspolitik oder maritime Sicherheit. In erster Linie ist es aber der Aufstieg Chinas und die mit ihm verbundene Infragestellung der US-Hegemonie in der Region, welche die vier Partner zusammenbringen. Minilaterale Kooperationsformate wie der Quad gewinnen zwar global an Bedeutung. Aber auch mehr als 15 Jahre nach dem Beginn formeller Diskussionsrunden und trotz verstärkter Zusammenarbeit erscheint der Sicherheitsdialog zwischen den vier ungleichen Partnern mehr als Symptom regionaler Instabilität denn als Abhilfe gegen sie. |
| Keywords: | Quadrilateraler Sicherheitsdialog (Quad, Australien, Indien, Japan, USA), China, Indo-Pazifik, Taiwan, Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine, Aufstieg Chinas, Eindämmung Chinas, ASEAN, minilaterale Initiativen |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279910&r=cis |
| By: | Mahlkow, Hendrik; Wanner, Joschka |
| Abstract: | International trade is highly imbalanced both in terms of values and in terms of embodied carbon emissions. We show that the persistent current value trade imbalance patterns contribute to a higher level of global emissions compared to a world of balanced international trade. Specifically, we build a Ricardian quantitative trade model including sectoral input-output linkages, trade imbalances, fossil fuel extraction, and carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion and use this framework to simulate counterfactual changes to countries' trade balances. For individual countries, the emission effects of removing their trade imbalances depend on the carbon intensities of their production and consumption patterns, as well as on their fossil resource abundance. Eliminating the Russian trade surplus and the US trade deficit would lead to the largest environmental benefits in terms of lower global emissions. Globally, the simultaneous removal of all trade imbalances would lower world carbon emissions by 0.9 percent or 295 million tons of carbon dioxide. |
| Keywords: | Carbon emissions, international trade, gravity |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:280404&r=cis |
| By: | Yuzhakov, Vladimir (Южаков, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Talapina, Elvira (Талапина, Эльвира) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chereshneva, Irina (Черешнева, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Nowadays none country in the world has developed a holistic regulatory approach to regulation of artificial intelligence use. Meanwhile, in the digital landscape the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to simultaneous development of legal protection of human rights in mastery of technology and artificial intelligence capabilities by public administration. In this regard the objectives of this paper are to analyze the current state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration and to formulate of proposals for legal groundwork for preventing and overcoming the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. As a part of the study scientific publications on this topic, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries have been analyzed. The main results of the preprint are the results of the analysis of the state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration; the results of the analysis of potential risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration; the author's systematization of the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration, as varied the institutional system of rights protection; the proposals for legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The study allows for the conclusion about the lack of attention to the human rights aspect in forecasting, regulating and using of AI in public administration as well as the necessity to design a system of legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The lack of proper regulation of AI use in public administration, which involves the risks of human rights violations, determines the scientific novelty and potential practical significance of the study brought to attention of readers. The author's concept involves the promotion of a human-centered approach to the use of artificial intelligence technology in public administration. Its findings and results can be taken into account and used for the formulation and state policy implementation in ensuring human rights due to the use of AI in the Russian public administration. |
| Keywords: | Human rights, public administration, data, artificial intelligence, personal data, big data processing, algorithm |
| JEL: | H11 H83 K38 |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220285&r=cis |
| By: | Koroleva, Ekaterina |
| Abstract: | Objective: to analyze the impact of the externalities of the policy of sanctions pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises and develop specific proposals that allow them to adapt to the conditions of uncertainty. Methods: general scientific methods of systemic, structural and comparative analysis, as well as specific scientific methods (static and graphical analysis, expert assessments). Results: Analysis of the externalities of the policy of sanctions pressure, which significantly affected the activities of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises has been made. The special role of this sector in eliminating disproportions in the country's economy in the face of a difficult geopolitical situation and economic instability has been indicated. It is proposed to study the tools for adapting small businesses to the above conditions, taking into account the systemic classification of enterprises in the SME sector, which consists in dividing firms into three categories (“children”, “genetic dwarfs”, “transformers”) and three subgroups (“travelers”, “reorganizers”, "imago"); their key functions are defined and adaptation tools for each category of enterprises are identified. Forecast trends in the development of small and medium-sized firms for the near future are formulated. Based on the analysis of externalities, the author proposes measures to increase the adaptability of enterprises in the studied segment of the economy, which can be used both by representatives of the business community and government agencies. Scientific novelty: it is proposed to explore ways of adapting small and medium-sized businesses to the externalities of the policy of sanctions restrictions, taking into account the systemic classification of enterprises in the SME sector, which made it possible to develop recommendations for improving the adaptability of small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account their characteristics. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the educational process of educational institutions; in scientific activities for the development of academic competencies on the functioning of small and medium-sized enterprises; in the work of organizations that make up the infrastructure for the development and support of SMEs; and contributes to the study of ways and strategies for adapting entrepreneurship in the face of exogenous shocks. |
| Keywords: | small and medium business, sanctions, sanctions pressure, externalities, new economic reality, geopolitical risks, ways of adaptation |
| JEL: | M21 |
| Date: | 2023–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119291&r=cis |
| By: | Kleiner, George |
| Abstract: | In the context of the turbulence of the global and national economy and the growing complexity of the interaction of the Russian economy with the Western world, it is necessary to expand the scope and improve the efficiency of organizations’ strategic management at all levels of the economy. Theoretical substantiation of strategic management, its connection with the theory of organization, the theory of the firm, the theory of industrial development and other theories taking into account the specifics of the Russian economy are not sufficiently developed. In this regard, the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for the development and implementation of strategic management of the domestic economy is of particular relevance. The article substantiates the expediency of using the system paradigm as a theoretical and ideological basis for developing goals, methods and means of strategic management of organizations. The essence of the system paradigm is revealed as a set of systemic methods of perception, cognition and transformation of the economy, including economic theory, economic practice, economic policy and economic management. The role of strategic management as a foundation and source of co-evolutionary development of the economic planning system, including strategic, calendar and operational management, is shown. The necessity and development of new types of strategic management based on the subject area’s non-quantitative (qualitative) target characteristics and focused on managing the organization’s value, spiritual and intellectual spheres are substantiated. As a new component of the theoretical basis of strategic management, the theory of systems’ spiral evolution is put forward, synthesizing the concept of linear sequential development of the system. According to this approach, the system is viewed as a change in the dominant value orientations and the concept of cyclic development of the system as the alternation of four phases of the dominance of the object, environment, process and project system’s complexes. The theoretical significance of the presented developments is associated with the evolution and deepening of a systems approach in economic research. The practical value lies in substantiating the feasibility of expanding the scope of strategic management using systemic tools to improve the efficiency and coordination of management at all levels of the economy. |
| Keywords: | system paradigm; system worldview; strategic management; planning; theory of spiral evolution; systems analysis; social leadership; economic system. |
| JEL: | M38 O10 |
| Date: | 2023–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119307&r=cis |
| By: | Maksim Iu. Lukin (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a microhistorical investigation of the conflict that arose in the editorial office of the series of scientific and artistic biographies Lives of Remarkable People (Zhizn' Zamechatel'nykh Liudei, thereafter – ZhZL) in preparation for the publication of Daniil Danin's book Niels Bohr (1978). Based on Danin's extensive correspondence with the editors, preserved in his collection at the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the paper reconstructs the stages of the conflict between 1970 and 1976, including the nature of editorial claims and the author’s disagreements. The analysis of the conflict incorporates Danin's biographical context. By the early 1970s, Danin had gained recognition as an author of popular science books on physics. Niels Bohr had a controversial reputation in the USSR, being a foreign member of the Academy of Sciences who traveled to the Soviet Union and the author of the idealistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The publication conflict regarding Niels Bohr serves as a case to investigate the shifting ideological agenda and evolving perceptions of working relationships within the editorial office of ZhZL during the transitional period between the “Thaw” and “Stagnation” eras in Soviet history. This study also sheds light on the less apparent involvement of the USSR Writers’ Union functionaries in the resolution of this conflict, and the attitudes towards modern science and scientists among conservative circles of the Soviet intelligentsia in the 1970s |
| Keywords: | USSR, Thaw, Stagnation, cultural policy, editorial and publishing process, Lives of Remarkable People Series, “scientific-fictional literature”, biographies, Niels Bohr, Daniil Danin, microhistory |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:214/hum/2023&r=cis |
| By: | Dariya, Akimkina; Oleg, Khrustalev; Evgeniy, Khrustalev |
| Abstract: | The long-term nature of transformational crisis processes caused by accelerated scientific and technological progress, the coronavirus epidemic, and political conflicts increases significantly uncertainty and the need to organize domestic production of high-tech components. The research investigates how the shortage of semiconductors due to the epidemic and territorial issues has affected sectors that depend on semiconductors. The importance of autonomy for the successful and ongoing functioning of the high-tech industry is demonstrated by the example of the automotive industry. The article discusses aspects of the semiconductor industry's production organization, including the complex hierarchical structure that proves how increasing import substitution is crucial to improving Russia's competitiveness and national security and removing external pressure points on the country. A number of recommendations for the domestic semiconductor industry will help to boost the process of import substitution, develop science-intensive and high-tech industries in Russia, and increase competitiveness in the global market |
| Keywords: | science-intensive industry, sanctions, import substitution, semiconductors industry |
| JEL: | O14 |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119297&r=cis |
| By: | Akimkina, Dariya |
| Abstract: | The article considers the approach to diversification using G. Itzkovitz's triple helix theory. The purpose of this research is to determine whether a triple-helix model modified for Russian conditions can be used to enhance technology transfer processes. Based on an analysis of the unique features of domestic institutions-subjects of innovation activity (the government, business, science, and education) and their relationships, it has been demonstrated how these elements contribute to the strategic task of transforming the national economy into a new technological mode, including transferring technologies from the military industry to civil industries |
| Keywords: | technological exchange, triple helix model, education, sanctions, diversification, intellectual capital, import substitution |
| JEL: | O15 O32 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119302&r=cis |
| By: | Michele Costa |
| Abstract: | We aim to explore the interplay between ESG scores and assets characteristics, specifically focusing on volatility. We classify stocks on the basis of both high/low ESG and high/low ESG momentum and we evaluate ESG effects by measuring the distance between the 2 group distributions. The analysis of stocks within the STOXX Europe 600 Index from 2017 to 2022 suggests that companies with higher ESG tend to exhibit lower volatility. However, we haven’t observed a similar trend when examining ESG momentum. Furthermore, our findings enable us to highlight and compare the effects associated with the COVID pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine. |
| JEL: | G11 C40 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp1189&r=cis |
| By: | Golichenko, Oleg; Balycheva, Yulia |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the relationship between the factors of innovation activity, which determine to the greatest extent the scale of innovation product diffusion in regional markets. These factors are identified based on the training of linear regression and random forest models, for which the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period from 2000 to 2020 are used. Different ratios of factors allow us to identify innovative strategies and the regions most committed to them. In addition, the paper conducts trajectories of the regions' movement depending on the dynamics of the factors' change over time. It also considers the mutual influence of the highlighted main indicators on other characteristics of the innovation process at the regional level. |
| Keywords: | innovation, innovation process, innovation trajectory |
| JEL: | O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119316&r=cis |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Context. The global financial crisis and international efforts to address preferential tax regimes exposed the vulnerabilities of San Marino’s oversized financial sector servicing nonresidents. While the banking system entered a deep crisis in 2008 and continues to struggle, the nonfinancial sector has experienced a recovery underpinned by cost-competitiveness and strong corporate balance sheets. More recently, prudent fiscal policies, access to international capital markets and favorable external conditions improved the public finances and boosted confidence. As a result, the economy has been remarkably resilient throughout the pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Despite volatile financial conditions, the government was able to rollover the Eurobond maturing next year. However, San Marino is a microstate subject to very high volatility and financial sector vulnerabilities remain, suggesting that larger-than-usual fiscal buffers are needed. |
| Date: | 2023–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/373&r=cis |
| By: | GÓMEZ-GONZÁLEZ Emilio; GOMEZ Emilia (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report provides a state of the art of the current and near-future applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine, healthcare and well-being, building on previous analyses, and framed in recent historical circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The present analysis includes software, personal monitoring devices, genetic tests and editing tools, personalized digital models, online platforms, augmented reality devices, and surgical and companion robotics. It identifies the particularities of AI systems, the opportunities and risks associated to them, as well as its social impact, considering their maturity, availability, controversy, and sustainability. From this review, the report identifies 100 relevant topics, and discusses lessons learnt in the area from the mentioned historical circumstances. In addition, the present study recognizes five key expanding areas with particular significance in terms of social impact: AI tools for mental health, AI-mediated gene editing, AI tools for epidemiology and health data monitoring, AI-mediated neuro-technologies and AI-mediated inclusion of neurodiversity, and describes them in detail considering the proposed social assessment scales. We conclude with some science for policy challenges in the field. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc134715&r=cis |
| By: | Lee, Seungrae (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Jehoon (INCHEON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY); Park, Sung-Hoon (Korea University) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to develop an index to analyze regional cooperation in Northeast Asia, which is Northeast Asia Regional Cooperation Index(NARCI). NARCI evaluates intra-regional cooperation and integration in four areas, which are functional cooperation, politico-security cooperation, socio-cultural cooperation, and institutionalization, in order to identify the conflict and cooperation situation in the Northeast Asian region. The analysis of economic integration found that Northeast Asian regional cooperation is characterized by a high level of integration in goods trade and regional value chain cooperation, but a relatively low level of integration in intra-regional direct investment and energy supply chain cooperation. The analysis of the political and security cooperation shows that the intensification of U.S.-China competition and the factional confrontation between Korea, U.S., Japan, and North Korea, China, Russia have had a significant impact on regional cooperation in political and diplomatic security. The result shows that the level of integration is low, with all evaluation indicators being negative. The analysis of the socio-cultural integration shows a relatively low level of integration in civil society cooperation and intergovernmental exchanges, a relatively high level of integration in cultural and educational exchanges and study abroad, and a neutral level of integration in information technology cooperation, labor mobility, and the share of tourists in the region. Finally, the analysis of institutional integration shows a relatively high level of integration in the bilateral channels between governments and the institutionalization of regional cooperation in the socio-cultural field, and half of the countries had institutional integration in financial integration and regional cooperation in the economic field. The level of integration in the political and security field was low due to the existence of only multilateral meetings. The analysis of NARCI shows that the impact of geopolitical conflicts on the economy and socio-culture has been expanding in recent years. However, the low level of political and diplomatic cooperation in the region and related institutional deficiencies are considered to be insufficient to buffer these risks, and efforts are needed to address them. |
| Keywords: | Northeast Asia; Regional Cooperation; Regional Integration; Index Development |
| JEL: | F02 F50 |
| Date: | 2023–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwp:2023_001&r=cis |
| By: | Pianta, Mario |
| Abstract: | In order to understand the rise and fall of inflation of 2022-2023, new theories and analytical frameworks are needed, closely connected the profound changes in monetary and fiscal policies that have accompanied the wave of price increases. This paper proposes a view of inflation as a set of distributive conflicts, develops a set of conceptual tools, reviews the recent empirical evidence and discusses policy responses. The rise of inflation was set in motion by the production distortions that emerged at the end of the covid-19 pandemic and by major rises in energy prices, accelerated by the start of the Ukraine war. Price rises then spread throughtout the economy, due to business search for higher profits. Price levels are now stabilizing at a significantly higher level, with lasting consequences on income distribution, the purchasing power of wages, and financial values. Facing inflation, economic policies have experienced a major turn, with monetary authorities in the United States and Europe turning to restrictive policies. The macroeconomic outlook, the trajectories of structural change, the distribution of income and the dynamics of finance are deeply affected by the new context; possible policy alternative, with a more coordinated framework for public action, are discussed in the conclusions of the paper. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, income distribution, finance, economic policies |
| JEL: | E31 E51 E61 E64 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119345&r=cis |
| By: | Denisov, Victor |
| Abstract: | The options for adapting the agro-industrial complex of the Russia to the EU bans on the import of high-tech equipment, machinery, elite seeds, and productive livestock, which are unfavorable for its economy, are analyzed. Among the possible adaptive versions of the development of the development direction, there are cases of agrarian reform that have not been implemented before. Their main goal is to prevent the decline and rise in prices in the changed conditions of production in the economy. It is possible to adjust the practice and state support of agricultural labor by financing the largest areas of development of agricultural enterprises – road construction, energy supply, public amenities, and development of inter-district markets for products and means of production, increasing the amount of rental income received at the location. Recommendations are formulated to expand and reduce the cost of meat and dairy products production in the non-chernozem (non-black soil) zone by including abandoned meadows and pastures in the economic turnover. Financing of this expansion is also possible from the means of state support for enterprises with the simultaneous development of the interregional labor market. |
| Keywords: | external economic difficulties in the development of the agro-industrial complex, the possibility of adapting to changes. |
| JEL: | Q18 Q38 |
| Date: | 2023–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119361&r=cis |
| By: | Vlada V. Asadulaeva (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Although a certain incommensurability between Soviet and Western Marxism has been assumed in a wide variety of studies, no research has been done on the genesis of the split between the two traditions in the context of the political turmoil of the 1920s. The current study aims to address this issue. By highlighting the commitment of the so-called ‘fathers of Western Marxism’ to the political tactics of left communism, I argue that the tradition of Western Marxism emerged specifically as a philosophical justification for what in the Soviet Union was considered the ‘ultra-left’ political ideology. Further, I demonstrate that that the works of Karl Korsch and Georg Lukacs were read precisely in this light by the Bolshevik philosophers whose criticism marked an important watershed in the genesis of the split between Western and Soviet Marxists. |
| Keywords: | Western Marxism, Soviet Marxism, Georg Lukacs, Karl Korsch, Left Communism |
| JEL: | Z00 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:212/hum/2023&r=cis |
| By: | Vulović, Marina |
| Abstract: | Die Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise von 2008 hat die EU-Erweiterungspolitik für den Westbalkan (WB) ins Wanken gebracht. Spätestens seit dieser Zeit ist in der Region ein stärkeres Engagement wirtschaftlicher Akteure aus Nicht-EU-Ländern wie China, Russland, der Türkei oder den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten (VAE) zu beobachten. Ihr Engagement zeigt sich am deutlichsten bei Direktinvestitionen, Handel und Energiesicherheit. Die Investitionen aus diesen Ländern können das Risiko "korrosiven Kapitals" vergrößern, das sich negativ auf Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratieentwicklung im WB auswirken kann. Angesichts einer sich zusehends verschärfenden Rivalität zwischen der EU einerseits und Russland und China andererseits stellt sich daher die Frage, wie die EU auf die intensivierte wirtschaftliche Vernetzung des WB mit diesen Akteuren reagieren und ihr strategisch entgegenwirken kann. |
| Keywords: | EU-Erweiterungspolitik, Westbalkan (WB), China, Russland, Türkei, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate (VAE), Direktinvestitionen, Handel, Energiesicherheit |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279916&r=cis |
| By: | Catherine Mathieu (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Hervé Péléraux (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | L'inflation, qui avait atteint un pic de 11, 1 % sur un an en octobre 2022, alors qu'elle était proche de 0 au début 2021, était encore de 6, 7 % en août dernier. L'accélération de l'inflation a conduit la Banque d'Angleterre à relever son taux directeur à 14 reprises, de 0, 1 % début décembre 2021 à 5, 25 % début août 2023, avec l'intention de ramener l'inflation vers la cible de 2 %. Cette hausse des taux contribue à freiner la croissance. La hausse du PIB n'était que de 0, 6 % sur un an au deuxième trimestre 2023. Nous prévoyons une croissance du PIB de 0, 7 % en moyenne cette année et de 0, 9 % l'an prochain. L'inflation reviendrait à 3, 2 % à la fin 2024. Le taux de chômage augmenterait à 4, 9 % fin 2024 (contre 4, 2 % au deuxième trimestre 2023). Une inconnue importante de cette prévision porte sur la consommation des ménages, qui pourrait être plus soutenue si ces derniers décidaient de puiser dans la sur-épargne accumulée pendant la crise Covid, ce qu'ils n'ont pas fait jusqu'à présent. A contrario, une recrudescence des tensions géopolitiques mondiales (Ukraine, Proche-Orient, …), une nouvelle hausse des prix énergétiques ou une baisse des prix de l'immobilier qui se transformerait en crise immobilière pourraient inciter les ménages à maintenir une épargne de précaution. (Premier paragraphe) |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04283050&r=cis |
| By: | Kleiner, George |
| Abstract: | The publication is devoted to theoretical foundations in the field of system socio¬economic space, reflected in the works of Russian philosopher and encyclopedist A.A.Bogdanov. Based on the concept of socially-organized experience, reflecting basic principles about the laws of organization, acting in technology (organization of things), economy (organization of people), politics (organization of ideas), the article substantiates the idea of the special role of space and time, first proposed by A.Bogdanov in relation to economic systems and system economic theory. In this conceptual context searching for new approaches and rethinking of theoretical capital are considered in order to transform economic systems in the direction of increasing their efficiency. It is noted that Bogdanov’s concept is the first scientific concept that integrates the ideas of cybernetics, general systems theory and synergetics. The author draws attention to the Bogdanov’s attempt to generalize the universal organizational laws governing the behavior and structure of fundamentally new complex systems, which is characterized as “universal organizational science.” The article develops a conceptual model of qualitative equilibrium interaction of the basic subsystems of the economic system in the context of information exchange. Based on the presented information model of the economic system in accordance with Bogdanov’s ideas conclusions are drawn that this teaching, in combination with modern systemic economic theory, can become the theoretical basis for general economic analysis. Arguments are given in favor of a revival of interest in understanding the ideas of Bogdanov, in particular in understanding the “space of the economy” and the concept of “conscious cooperation”, which can complement or oppose the concept of competition. His main ideas about a society based on “consciously comradely principles” are noted, which are of scientific interest in the context of regulating the fair and dishonest behavior of economic entities. The article allows us to approach the assessment of the diversity of Bogdanov’s ideas from different positions, reserving the opportunity for each scientist to form his own view and approach to this process of rethinking his many theses and tools. |
| Keywords: | organizational science, space and time, tectology, economic system, system economic theory, information model, basic subsystems |
| JEL: | A1 A10 |
| Date: | 2023–04–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119375&r=cis |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Djanibekov, Nodir; Abduvalieva, Nilufar; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Akramov, Kamiljon |
| Abstract: | Economic resilience within the agrifood system is becoming increasingly crucial for assuring sustainable development. This is particularly so in regions with volatile and fragile environments, including Central Asia. Evidence remains scarce regarding what factors can enhance the economic resilience of agents within the agrifood system, including the resilience of productivity and technical efficiency. We partly fill this knowledge gap using the unique panel datasets of farm enterprises in Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan, collected in 2019 and 2022, during which these enterprises experienced significant economic shocks in input prices. Using novel methods that combine Inverse Probability Weighting and panel stochastic frontier analyses models, we show that farmers who received more agricultural training and who had been granted greater autonomy in their production decisions in 2018 experienced greater resilience in technical efficiency despite the need to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and oil/diesel in response to their price surges. Our findings suggest that providing critical public goods like information (related to training) and enabling environment (related to decision-making autonomy) can potentially enhance the resilience in the technical efficiency of farm enterprises. Furthermore, with chemical fertilizer and oil/diesel being potentially environmentally harmful inputs, these farmers also indirectly demonstrated resilience toward environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | UZBEKISTAN; KAZAKHSTAN; CENTRAL ASIA; ASIA; resilience; agrifood systems; sustainable development; farms; shocks; agricultural training; inputs; prices; access to information; inverse probability weighting; panel stochastic frontier analyses |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2205&r=cis |
| By: | Rose Croshier (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The United States has a unique opportunity to establish enduring diplomatic, commercial, and security ties with African nations through space cooperation, with the potential to yield substantial development benefits. The African Union is preparing to open the African Space Agency. African nations are prioritizing the development of their own space infrastructure and applications – be it communications, remote sensing, or navigation/timing. The US space sector is robust, an area of comparative strength vis-à-vis Europe, Russia, and China. The US could work with African nations to reinforce a rules-based order in space, implement greater inclusivity in the space sector, and accelerate achievement of United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A Space Development Program could include building and launching satellites, but its first objective should be to maximize the utility of space-based resources (e.g., orbits and frequency spectrum) and shared, publicly available, or commercial space applications, as an enabler of the Partner’s national and economic interests. To move forward, the US should develop a whole-of-government approach to US-Africa space cooperation and development, with a clear lead agency and a specific point of contact for foreign States. The US should expand bilateral and multilateral space cooperation and assistance, and specifically pilot a space development program in Africa. To support the most efficient and fair use of space resources, the US should increase support for African nations in managing their spectrum. Lastly, the US should raise internal and African awareness of US space-related support to the public good and clarify its intentions for the space ecosystem. |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:256&r=cis |
| By: | Nikolova, Milena; Popova, Olga |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the long-term consequences of communism on present-day freedom of expression values in two settings - East Germany and the states linked to the sphere of influence of the former USSR. Exploiting the natural experiment of German separation and later reunification, we show that living under communism has had lasting effects on free speech opinions. While free speech salience has increased for East and West Germans vis-à-vis other government goals, the convergence process has been slow. East Germans are still less likely to consider freedom of speech a key government priority compared to West Germans. Additionally, our analyses of secret police surveillance data from East Germany point to the fact that geographybased measures of community experiences of past political repression do not explain our findings. The same conclusion holds when we look at the setting of the former Soviet Union and we correlate proximity to Stalin's former labor camps in the Soviet Union with present-day freedom of speech values. At the same time, family experiences with political repression in Eastern Europe/the former Soviet Union exert a discernible influence on current values towards freedom of speech, likely due to a lasting impact stemming from such personal encounters. As such, our paper adds a nuanced contribution to the economics of free speech, suggesting that freedom of speech may be a part of informal institutions and slow-changing cultural values. |
| Keywords: | political repression, communism, free speech, German Democratic Republic, Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union, economic history |
| JEL: | D02 D83 N00 P27 P52 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1355&r=cis |
| By: | Kateryna Savolchuk (National Bank of Ukraine); Tetiana Yukhymenko (National Bank of Ukraine) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the influence of central bank credibility in forming inflation expectations, using data obtained from business surveys conducted by the National Bank of Ukraine. We employ a two-stage treatment model to mitigate the potential bias of the endogeneity of firms' answers. The results confirm the vital role of credibility in shaping inflation expectations. Notably, credibility reduces sensitivity to past inflation deviations. Robustness checks, which are based on bootstrapping, reinforce the reliability of the findings. Our study underscores the importance of central bank credibility in anchoring inflation expectations. |
| Keywords: | credibility, inflation expectations, endogeneity, surveys |
| JEL: | C51 E58 E70 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ukb:wpaper:04/2023&r=cis |
| By: | Lang, Kai-Olaf |
| Abstract: | Deutschland und Litauen haben ihre sicherheits- und verteidigungspolitische sowie militärische Kooperation in den letzten Jahren stetig ausgebaut. Die Stationierung der Bundeswehr in Form der verstärkten Vornepräsenz, die im vergangenen Jahr getroffene Vereinbarung über ein zusätzliches deutsches Engagement in Brigadestärke und eine intensivierte Rüstungskooperation bilden gleichsam den "harten Kern" des Miteinanders. Allerdings sind zuletzt auch abweichende Erwartungen zutage getreten: Litauen möchte eine vollumfängliche Dauerpräsenz der Brigade, Deutschland präferiert ein flexibleres Modell. Beide Länder sollten darauf achten, dass diesbezügliche Debatten die bisherigen Erfolge nicht in Mitleidenschaft ziehen. Die für Deutschland im Rahmen der Nato und der EU "vertrauenspolitisch" wichtige Kooperation mit Litauen, die einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur erfolgreichen Internationalisierung der "Zeitenwende" darstellt, sollte zu einer umfassenden Sicherheitspartnerschaft weiterentwickelt werden. |
| Keywords: | Litauen, Estland, Lettland, Polen, Nato, Gitanas Nausçeda, Gabrielius Landsbergis, Valdemaras Rupésys, verstärkte Vornepräsenz, enhanced Forward Presence, eFP, Eiserner Wolf, Battlegroup, enhanced Vigilance Activities Brigade, eVA, Baltic Air Policing, Sky-Shield-Initiative, Zeitenwende, Kaliningrad, Suwalki-Korridor, Suwalki-Lücke, Desynchronisation, Joint Expeditionary Force, JEF, Northern Group, Nordic Baltic Eight |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279913&r=cis |
| By: | Aydın, Yaşar |
| Abstract: | In der neuen Regierung des türkischen Präsidenten Recep Tayyip Erdoægan wurde Mehmet ðSimðsek zum Finanzminister ernannt, während die Managerin Hafize Gaye Erkan an die Spitze der Zentralbank rückte. Beide gelten als erfahrene Experten und Vertreter einer rationalen Ökonomie. Ihre Berufung hat daher Hoffnungen geweckt, Ankara könnte künftig wieder auf eine orthodoxe Wirtschaftspolitik setzen. Doch Zweifel daran bleiben. Ohnehin wäre ein entsprechender Kurswechsel kein Freiticket aus der Wirtschaftskrise des Landes, solange er nicht durch strukturelle Reformen flankiert würde. Der Türkei drohen eine Inflationsspirale und ein Konjunktureinbruch, wodurch sie nicht nur innenpolitisch destabilisiert würde, sondern auch sicherheitspolitisch geschwächt - vor allem gegenüber Russlands Einflussstreben im regionalen Umfeld. Die Konsequenzen für die EU wären enorm. Notwendig ist daher eine wirtschafts- und sicherheitspolitische Zusammenarbeit, die das Land stabilisiert, ohne das autokratische Regime Erdoægans zu legitimieren. |
| Keywords: | Türkei, Wirtschaftspolitik, Sicherheitspolitik, Präsident Recep Tayyip Erdoægan, Finanzminister Mehmet ðSimðsek, Zentralbankchefin Hafize Gaye Erkan, Inflation, türkische Lira, Zinspolitik, türkisch-europäische Beziehungen |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:279927&r=cis |
| By: | Afees A. Salisu (Centre for Econometrics & Applied Research, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Economics & Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private, South Africa); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the out-of-sample predictability of expected skewness of oil price returns for stock returns of 10 (8 advanced plus 2 emerging) countries using long-range monthly data of over a century for each country. Using a distributed lag predictive econometric model, which controls for endogeneity, persistence, and conditional heteroscedasticity, we provide evidence of the strong statistical significance of the predictive impact of the third moment of oil price returns for equity returns for all the countries across various forecast horizons and length of out-of-sample periods. These findings also continue to hold for the shorter sample periods of 3 other emerging markets: Brazil, China and Russia. Our findings have important implications for academics, investors and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Stock returns, expected skewness of oil returns, forecasting, advanced and emerging equity markets |
| JEL: | C22 G15 G17 Q02 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202339&r=cis |
| By: | Monica Raileanu Szeles |
| Abstract: | Lucrarea îÈ™i propune să analizeze adaptarea politicii migraÈ›iei UE la evoluÈ›iile recente de natură geopolitică. Am detaliat cele două provocări majore pe care UE le-a înfruntat începând cu anul 2020, adică pandemia Covid-19 È™i războiul Rusia-Ucraina, È™i consecinÈ›ele lor în planul demografic È™i al migraÈ›iei. Politica europeană din sfera migraÈ›iei s-a adaptat continuu în această perioadă, pentru a permite îndeplinirea dezideratelor UE de natură economică, socială È™i demografică pe termen lung. Am concluzionat cu privire la răspunsul rapid È™i eficace al UE la cele două crize recente. |
| Keywords: | flux migrație, criză, politici migrație |
| JEL: | F22 F63 J31 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rjr:wpiecf:231101&r=cis |