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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Shulgin, Sergey (Шульгин, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Scherbov, Sergey (Щербов, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | One of the most important tasks for assessing the damage from a pandemic is the assessment of human losses resulting from the disease. As a rule, it is rather difficult to estimate the direct number of deaths from COVID-19, due to both the methodological difficulties in assessing the causes of death and the choice of a reference point for assessing excess mortality. The existing approaches, such as comparing with the previous year or the average mortality figure over the past few years are associated with numerous problems. To get a more objective assessment of the number of deaths in the absence of a pandemic, it is necessary to use the projected number of deaths considering the age structure of the population. To assess excess mortality, this paper uses the method of constructing a demographic forecast. The baseline scenario against which excess mortality is calculated is estimated using a multi-regional demographic projection. In this paper we are using statistical data from Rosstat and the results of demographic modeling to analyze the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We compare the mortality data for 2020 with the projected number of deaths for 2020. The paper provides estimates of excess mortality in the regional context. Estimates are given both for the Russian Federation as a whole and for individual Russian regions. Estimates of excess mortality are also provided for separately for men and women and older age groups. |
| Keywords: | demography, COVID-19, multi-regional demographic projection, mortality, life expectancy, regional differentiation |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220129&r=cis |
| By: | Sakharov, Andrei (Сахаров, Андрей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study stems from the fact that the global economic crisis of 2020, caused by the spread of coronavirus infection, had a negative impact on the prospects of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015 and the relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For the Russian Federation, measures to overcome the consequences of the crisis need to strike a balance between short-term economic objectives and long-term social and environmental goals outlined both in the SDGs and in the Decree "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030". The R&D is aimed at studying the experience of the BRICS countries in ensuring sustainable economic recovery and growth in the post-crisis period. Based on the data obtained, the BRICS Index of SDG Implementation will be developed, which will provide data on the progress and contribution of the BRICS countries to the implementation of the SDGs. Further annual updates of the Index will provide an objective assessment of the progress and contribution of the BRICS countries to the achievement of the SDGs. This study was conducted within the framework of the study "Building the BRICS SDG Index based on the analysis of national sustainable development policies. The object of the study is the sustainable development policies of the BRICS countries. The purpose of the study was to develop and test a mechanism for the assessment and comparative analysis of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the BRICS countries. In preparing the paper, we used the methods of content analysis, comparative analysis of key international indices, statistical analysis and expert assessment. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the BRICS countries' (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) progress on 64 indicators of sustainable development for 2015 and 2020. The research resulted in the creation of the BRICS Sustainable Development Index, reflecting the progress in implementation and the level of priority of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Agenda 2030) in the five countries. Conclusions. The following results were recorded based on the results of the Index formation: China made the most significant progress in all key SDG areas in 2015-2020, scoring highest on SDG 6, Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 10, Reducing Inequality, and SDG 14, Preserving Marine Ecosystems. India, in second place, has progressed faster than other countries on SDG 1, Eradicate Poverty; SDG 4, Quality Education; and SDG 13, Combating Climate Change. Russia, ranked third, led in SDG 8, "Decent Work and Economic Growth, " and SDG 9, "Industrialization, Innovation and Infrastructure. Brazil scored the highest in SDG 2 Ending Hunger and SDG 5 Gender Equality. Finally, South Africa made the most progress on SDG 15, "Preserve Terrestrial Ecosystems. Prospects for the study, directions for further work. In continuing the work in the future, it seems advisable to consider the possibility of taking the average values of sustainability indicators for three-year time periods as baseline data for the formation of the Index. The continuation of the study in the coming years will also ensure the accumulation of data over a longer period of time, which will allow for a multi-year analysis of the progress of the BRICS countries in their transition to more sustainable growth patterns. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals, BRICS, BRICS Sustainable Development Index |
| JEL: | Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220108&r=cis |
| By: | Statodubrovskaya, Irina (Стародубровская, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sitkevich, Daniil (Ситкевич, Даниил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Relevance: Migration processes largely determine the face of the modern world. Their results lead to serious problems of intercultural communication, and successful approaches of solving them have not yet been developed. Different attempts both to pursue a policy of assimilation and to introduce the principles of multiculturalism often do not have a positive effect. Subject of research: Adaptation strategies of Northern Caucasian migrants in St. Petersburg. The purpose of this work is to analyze the processes of adaptation of Northern Caucasian migrants to the social and cultural environment of the metropolis, as well as to identify factors affecting its success. The scientific novelty of the preprint will consist in the description of foreign cultural internal migration in Russia from the point of view of various migration theories. |
| Keywords: | Urbanization, migration, adaptation, Northern Caucasus, St. Petersburg |
| JEL: | J15 J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220114&r=cis |
| By: | Lopatina, Marina (Лопатина, Мария) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Lyashok, Viktor (Ляшок, Виктор) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The problem of working pensioners in Russia is becoming more and more relevant in the context of the increase of the retirement age. The situation of this population group differs significantly from other groups on the labor market, as shown by numerous studies. This work focuses on the analysis of changes in this situation by 2022, four years after the start of the pension reform. It shows, on the one hand, an increase in employment in the age groups affected by the reform, and an increase in the length of working careers. A negative consequence of raising the retirement age was an increase in unemployment in older age groups and an increase in age-related wage differentials. On the other hand, the situation of working pensioners remains virtually unchanged compared to earlier studies. The highest proportion of the elderly are in budget-funded sectors, among those with a high level of education, and among specialists with medium and high qualifications. In light of this study, the problem of pension provision for working pensioners in Russia seems unresolved. The possibility of combining pensions and labor income leads to dramatic changes in the financial situation of senior citizens after they reach retirement age and for a short period of such a combination. At the same time, the reform currently underway to raise the retirement age should reduce the gap between retirement age and the age of exit from the labor market. |
| Keywords: | working pensioners, raising the retirement age, pension reform, labor market exit factors, work continuation factors, employment at older ages, pension provision, pension provision for working pensioners |
| JEL: | J21 J26 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220109&r=cis |
| By: | Malakhov, Vladimir (Малахов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Simon, Mark (Симон, Марк) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Letnyakov, Denis (Летняков, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Motin, Aleksandr (Мотин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Jurina, Kristina (Юрина, Кристина) (State Academic University for the Humanities); Pralkova, Marina (Пралькова, Марина) (The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences); Vasilchenko, Aleksey (Васильченко, Алексей) (The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences); Kandaurova, Elena (Кандаурова, Елена) (The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the focus of urban studies has been gradually shifting from the issue of “ethnic enclaves” to the infrastructure created by migrants. The problem of territorially closed migrant communities in big cities does not lose its relevance, however, the settlement factor ceases to be a universal explanatory model for analyzing the dynamics of social integration. The attention of researchers is increasingly attracted by market, medical, information and entertainment infrastructures, through which members of migrant communities are involved in building new social ties without rigid reduction to their place of residence. In Russia, just as in Europe, migrants accumulate various resources through labor and neighborhood relations, as well as through participation in public organizations. However, how these relations are localized in the Russian cities and what institutions mediate them remains poorly understood. This work sheds light on the specifics of the post-Soviet context through comparison with the situation in Western European megacities. |
| Keywords: | migrant spaces, infrastructure, public and non-public, ethnic entrepreneurship, migrant settlement |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220110&r=cis |
| By: | Petrova, Diana (Петрова, Диана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | In this study we construct economic policy uncertainty indices for Russia using online news articles and VK posts. A comparative analysis of quantitative measures of economic uncertainty shows that the news index captures periods of economic uncertainty better than the Baker-Bloom-Davis index. On the contrary, the Baker-Bloom-Davis index for Russia is extremely sensitive to political instability and the period of the coronavirus. The goal of this study is to assess economic policy uncertainty in Russia. The study solves the following tasks: review of theoretical and empirical works on the analysis of the impact of uncertainty on the behavior of economic agents; analysis of approaches to quantitative assessment of economic policy uncertainty; collecting and preparing data; assessment of economic policy uncertainty index based on Russian data; econometric analysis of the impact of economic policy uncertainty on economic activity. The subject of the study is a quantitative assessment of the economic policy uncertainty index based on Russian data. The novelty of the scientific research is the analysis of the level of economic uncertainty in Russia using text analysis of online news articles and VK posts. Methods: text analysis, statistical and econometric methods of time series analysis. The study is carried out on Russian data during 1999-2022. The paper shows that news articles from online media can be used to assess economic policy uncertainty indices. The authors calculate three types of economic uncertainty index: news-based economic policy uncertainty index, economic policy uncertainty index based on VK posts and measures of financial uncertainty. The results of the econometric analysis indicate that an increase in economic policy uncertainty is associated with a decrease in real GDP, real consumption and real investment. The main conclusion of the study is that the news-based economic policy uncertainty index is useful for analyzing periods of economic instability in Russia. |
| Keywords: | text analysis, uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty index, news articles, financial uncertainty |
| JEL: | D80 E32 E50 E66 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220113&r=cis |
| By: | Zemlyanskii Dmitriy (Землянский, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chuzhenkova, Valeria (Чуженькова, Валерия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abdullaev, Alexander (Абдуллаев, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kalinovskiy, Leonid (Калиновский, Леонид) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kulikov, Vladimir (Куликов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Medvednikova, Darina (Медведникова, Дарина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shampurov, Ivan (Шампуров, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study examines debt situation in 189 urban districts of Russia with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in 2015-2020 and assesses key factors determining level of budget debt. The relevance of the study is established by the fact that an overwhelming majority of large urban municipalities in Russia currently have a significant budget debt. The public debt burden significantly limits the cities’ ability to plan and finance urban projects and therefore becomes a key constraint on their development at the present stage. At the same time, the scale and dynamics of municipal debt in Russian cities remain poorly researched. The goal of the study was to identify key factors determining formation of the debt burden in the 189 largest urban districts in Russia and to assess the impact of the debt burden on the level and dynamics of their socio-economic development. The following tasks were completed: analyzing the level of municipal debt burden in the largest cities in 2015-2020 and creating a classification of large cities by the scale and dynamics of debt; determining key factors of formation of the debt burden in large urban districts and calculating their impact, as well as forecasting the debt situation of the largest centers. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the municipal debt volume and structure indicators, collected from the official portals of local administrations and data on the execution of budgets of urban districts of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). The following key research methods, among others, were used: statistical and economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, infographic construction methods and comparative analysis. The results of the study showed that although the country's large cities are characterized on average by a relatively favorable level of debt burden, significant differences in the debt situation between cities remain. Only 37 large urban districts had no debt at the end of the study period, while about 1/3 (53 out of 189) had a debt burden exceeding 50%, and 15% of cities are approaching its critical level. It is proved that at the present stage, municipal debt is not a real tool for the implementation of urban development projects, but is mainly directed to cover the budget deficit and fulfill basic social responsibilities by the end of the fiscal year. It has been revealed that the greatest influence on the debt situation in large cities is exerted by the factor of the city's population (the level of debt burden increases with population growth), as well as the factor of having a regional capital status (regional capitals have higher debt). The factors of the budgetary and financial situation in municipality, as well as economic factors (apart from several cities) resulted to be insignificant. The absence of high correlations of the debt burden of large urban districts with key indicators of the financial and socio-economic situation suggests a high influence of other institutional factors. It is proved that an increased level of debt burden leads to a decline in migration appeal and investment activity in large cities. The growth of debt slows down the rate of wages increase. The forecast of the debt situation in large cities showed that if the current trends persist in the next three years, even a greater deterioration in the debt situation of the country's largest centers can be expected, as well as an increase in their differentiation by debt. The measures planned for introduction in 2022 in order to limit the volume of municipal debt will have little effect and will not result in a significant reduction in the debt burden of cities. All in all, the findings of the study form a negative forecast of the development of Russian large cities for the coming years. The current situation warrants an urgent need to revise the fiscal policy and the power distribution system at the local government level towards expanding the financial and managerial capabilities of municipalities. |
| Keywords: | Municipal debt, municipal borrowings, municipal budget, debt obligations, debt burden, factors of debt, forecasting debt, cities of Russia, urban districts of the Russian Federation, urban development |
| JEL: | H63 H68 H72 R12 R51 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022097&r=cis |
| By: | Dmitriev, Mikhail (Дмитриев, Михаил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Krapil, Valery (Крапиль, Валерий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study analyzes the practice of strategic planning in the Russian Federation. The key goal of the study is to analyze the implementation results of strategic documents prepared by various institutions, and to compare them with the implementation results of other top-level strategic documents in the context of evolution of the institutional framework of strategic planning in Russia over the past two decades. The study uses methods of analysis of the implementation results of strategic planning documents and information on the implementation of reforms in the public administration system. The authors use standard expert assessments and official government information to evaluate and compare the results of different types of top-level strategic documents. The results of the study present a methodology for collecting information on the implementation results of top-level strategic documents, a methodology for comparing the implementation results for different kinds of strategic documents. They allow us to identify key institutional problems in the existing strategic planning system and to develop recommendations for improving the institutional component in the strategic planning system. Scientific novelty of the study is based on the analysis of institutional strategic planning problems, produced using the findings of the study of implementation results of previously adopted top-level strategies. The results of the study can be used in preparing future top-level strategic documents. |
| Keywords: | STRATEGIC PLANNING, STRATEGIC PLANNING DOCUMENTS, TARGETS, ECONOMIC REFORMS, MONITORING STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION |
| JEL: | C82 E61 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220102&r=cis |
| By: | Zemlyanskii Dmitriy (Землянский, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chuzhenkova, Valeria (Чуженькова, Валерия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abdullaev, Alexander (Абдуллаев, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kalinovskiy, Leonid (Калиновский, Леонид) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kulikov, Vladimir (Куликов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Medvednikova, Darina (Медведникова, Дарина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shampurov, Ivan (Шампуров, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the changes in the dynamics of socio-economic development and interregional inequality of the Russian regions in 2019-2020. Peculiarities of territorial development of the Russian Federation, unevenness and key trends in the socio-economic development of Russian regions have become central issues of the federal development agenda in the last few years. At the same time, at the present stage there is no comprehensive database and systematically updated aggregated analytical information that allows tracking key trends in the development of the economies of the subjects of the Russian Federation on a regular basis. The goal of the study is to develop and test the methodology for building a system for regular monitoring and evaluation of the main directions of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation using statistical and departmental data. In accordance with the overall goal, the following objectives are determined to be addressed within the study: conducting a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in recent years; determining the composition of the spheres (aspects) of development and indicators of systematic assessment of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation (separately for monthly, quarterly and year-end monitoring); developing a system for visualizing the key socio-economic processes in the regions of Russia. Considering earlier assessments of crisis effects in the regions of the Russian Federation, the hypothesis was formulated that inequality and divergence of directions of socio-economic development between different regions of the Russian Federation have significantly increased in recent years. The results achieved are as follows: examples of design of systematic monitoring of socio-economic indicators in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation were given; indicators for the establishment of regular monitoring of socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation were selected; proposals on the publication format, structure and content of regular monitoring of socio-economic development of subjects were made; a methodology for integrated assessment of short-term dynamics of socio-economic development of subjects of the Russian Federation for monitoring and identifying crisis situations was developed; a methodology for conducting an integrated assessment of the socio-economic development level of subjects of the Russian Federation was elaborated, with the ability to track its changes over time; the peculiarities of territorial development, interregional inequality, socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2019-2020 (based on annual indicators) and in 2020 and the first 8 months of 2021 (based on operational indicators) were analyzed; the basic trends of territorial development, which failed to be overcome during the crisis and post-crisis recovery, were identified, namely: the concentration of the economic and investment activity in Moscow (to the detriment of other large regions) and gradual but slow improvement in the level of socio-economic development of Russian regions; stabilization or reduction of interregional inequality indicators, convergence of the dynamics of socio-economic development of the regions with the national average. Materials for in-depth diagnostics of socio-economic development of key regions have also been prepared. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a three-level monitoring system, including annual monitoring, which focuses on interregional inequality, medium-term monitoring aimed at studying the dynamics of interregional differences, and short-term monitoring focused on assessing current changes in the regions. According to the results, it can be stated that the COVID-19 crisis had only a short-term effect on territorial development in Russia. Unlike the previous crises, interregional inequality did not grow in 2020 and stabilized in 2021. At the same time, for most socio-economic indicators, the medium-term dynamics of the regions were unidirectional. The situation is somewhat worse in the regions with high socio-economic development per capita, whose economy depends on oil production. Only two regions were still showing clear signs of crisis phenomena. While the crisis in the Sakhalin Region is largely time-serving, the decline in Komi Republic is systemic and has been going on for several years (started before 2020). Given the relatively positive socio-economic dynamics after the crisis, there is a significant change in the system of inter-budgetary relations and federal support measures. Measures are being actively implemented to reduce the independence of regional administrations in determining the goals of spending inter-budget transfers (the share of transfer payments is decreasing in favor of subsidies). While this situation has little effect on regions with high fiscal capacity (and low transfers) due to the relatively small amounts of transfers they receive, then in highly subsidized regions the changes become very large-scale (up to dozens of percent of the total budget revenues) and may limit the regional initiative in the future. At the same time, the Government has launched incentives aimed at supporting breakthrough investment and projects in the regions. The shift in distribution of these financial resources towards financial and credit support changes the logic of the project formation in the regions. Almost all the funds provided are repayable, which means they must be used towards the growth of tax and non-tax revenues of the regional budgets. However, the mechanisms for allocating funds from the “infrastructure menu” measures do not take into account the actual needs of the regions and are based either on proportional distribution (budget infrastructure loans) or on previous borrowing history. |
| Keywords: | Regional development, territorial development, interregional inequality, short-term dynamics, budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation, inter-budgetary relations, integral assessment, indices of socio-economic development, standardized assessment |
| JEL: | R11 R12 H71 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022098&r=cis |
| By: | Sinyagin, Yuri (Синягин, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sheburakova, Oksana (Шебуракова, Оксана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sheburakov, Ilya (Шебураков, Илья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tatarinova, Ludmila (Татаринова, Людмила) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Goyaeva, Zarina (Гояева, Зарина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The research work is devoted to analyzing the assessment practice in the public civil service, defining conditions and factors affecting the level of maturity of assessment in the HR technology system, and determining the possibilities for the introduction of unified procedures for personal and professional diagnostics and assessment in the activities of the government HR services to improve the effectiveness of personnel policy implementation in the civil service. In the process of researching, based on the analysis of trends characterizing the development of approaches to assessment in the civil service, directions for increasing the effectiveness of personnel policy were determined; proposals were substantiated for the formation of a system of unified procedures for personal and professional diagnostics and assessment in the civil service of the Russian Federation; methodological recommendations were developed and identified. The conditions necessary for the large-scale implementation of a system of unified procedures for personal and professional diagnostics in the state civil service of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | personnel policy, assessment system, assessment methods, public service, personal and professional diagnostics, civil servant, complex resource analysis, personnel technologies in civil service |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220105&r=cis |
| By: | Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tokareva, Galina (Токарева, Галина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Yakovlev, Ivan (Яковлев, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The uneven territorial and population development of the educational infrastructure and the labor market, the differentiation of educational aspirations and resource capabilities of different social groups, the possibility of enrolment to educational organizations in different regions of Russia based on the examination results explain the relevance of researching the scale, motives, directions and restrictions of educational migration of the Russian school graduates. It is important to find out what groups of modern youth and their families develop the attitudes towards educational migration, what resources are required to implement these attitudes, which directions of actual and potential educational migration in the context of regions and types of settlements there are. Revealing stable routes of educational migration of the Russian youth is an urgent research problem. The main goal of this work is to determine the directions and factors of the planned educational migration of the 9th and 11th grade schoolchildren for receiving secondary vocational and higher education, on the basis of sociological data. The objectives of the study are, in particular, to identify the grounds for demand by households with schoolchildren in graduation grades to receive secondary vocational and higher education outside the settlement or region of current residence; identification of the motives for obtaining education outside the settlement or region of current residence; analysis of the educational trajectories of schoolchildren in graduation grades involving educational migration. The methodology of sociological research involves the use of a combined quantitative and qualitative toolkit, carried out using specially developed field documents. The main findings of the study are as follows: it was discovered that the parents are divided into two groups of comparable size – those inclined towards educational migration (56%) and those planning to receive vocational education in the settlement of residence; the composition of these groups varied significantly depending on the settlement types and educational aspirations; to a large extent, when planning to receive secondary vocational education and higher education, the younger generation repeats the educational trajectory of their parents, reproducing the family status. The research results can be used in the interests of public education authorities to assess the consequences of educational migration for the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | educational migration, educational strategies of schoolchildren in the 9th and 11th grades, vocational education, higher education |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220106&r=cis |
| By: | Ponomarenko, Elena (Пономаренко, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chuprova, Oksana (Чупрова, Оксана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Oddo, Virginie (Оддо, Виржини) (the University Côte d’Azur); Teslenko, Valentina (Тесленко, Валентина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Drozhzhin, Denis (Дрожжин, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study examines mechanisms of interconnection and competitive cooperation between educational, research and business structures in the territory, interaction between universities, scientific laboratories and business structures in the development of territories for the innovation and modernization of existing technologies, and the development of digital technologies. The relevance of the study is determined by the contemporary development of individual regions (territories) in different countries around the world, which use cluster technologies as part of the new industrial policy for the development of international competitiveness of individual regions and the entire country. The aim of such networks is not just development, but also the implementation and realization of various products and technologies, including information products and technologies, in a variety of areas of activity. Balanced modern territorial development, including establishment of “smart” cities, is impossible without engaging the local educational structures, companies and scientific institutions in the process. One of the most successful examples of such cooperation is the cluster policy of today’s France, which managed to create a sensible model of interaction between universities, businesses and territorial administration bodies to find successful mechanisms for coordinating efforts of highly diverse structures, directing their actions towards common goals of economic and territorial development. Such experience, adapted to the Russian reality, is highly needed today for the implementation of large-scale programs to overcome the aftermath of the crisis caused by continuing economic and political sanctions against Russia. The Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation identifies “transition to advanced digital, intelligent production technologies, robotic systems, new materials and construction methods, creation of Big Data processing systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence” as the top priority of Russia's development for 10-15 years. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate effective models, necessary and sufficient conditions of institutional and infrastructural nature supporting competitive cooperation between science, education and territorial administrations for sustainable, balanced development, creation of innovative products, training of in-demand personnel (based on the generalization of Russian and adaptation of French experience); to study and use the specific tools of interaction mechanisms, incentives for all participants of networks in competitiveness clusters – between educational and scientific units of universities; between universities and business entities, and relations of all participants with the territorial communities. The following main fundamental and applied problems are addressed within the research: - Comparative analysis of the relationship between science, education and territorial administrations at the macroeconomic level; identification of the influence of education and science on the economic and innovative development of territories (regions); - Generalization of foreign experience in promoting digital technologies in the development of competitive cooperation of science, education and territories; - Studying the experience of France (poles of competitiveness, as well as new experimental institutions created by individual decrees of the President of France) in the formation of coordinators of development of the territory (megalopolis, metropolis, region, etc.); - Relevant issues of digital economy and digital state; - Analysis of the Russian experience in cluster development: higher educational institutions, scientific research, business, public administration (innovation clusters of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade and industrial clusters of the Ministry of Industry and Trade), and the models of their interaction, identifying positive and negative instruments; - Development of recommendations to Russian higher educational institutions and all cluster members to expand their innovation activity in conditions of low demand for innovations; Research methods and methodology: The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are legislative and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, European countries, international organizations in the field of education and science, cluster initiatives, scientific articles and monographs of modern French and Russian scientists, materials of scientific conferences, as well as a comparative analysis of international databases of key indicators in scientific research, online education, reports of international organizations. Methods of international comparative analysis. Methods of comparative analysis of socio-economic information. Methodology of comparative analysis of educational systems of different countries, taking into account their economic development level. Statistical analysis of regional and territorial development data in the field of education and innovations. Databases used: international statistics, Rosstat statistical compilations “Regions of Russia”, “Tekhuspekh” (Tech Success) rating of innovation-driven companies of Russia, HSE rating of innovation development of the Russian regions, reviews by rating agencies, data from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the French Republic, National Statistics Institute of France, statistical collections of Eurostat, etc. This research is implemented jointly with scientists of RANEPA partner university - University of Côte d'Azur, the coordinating center of territorial development of Metropolis Côte d'Azur in France. The results of this research can be used to the benefit of: a) RANEPA and other Russian higher education institutions interested in implementing international educational and research programs; b) Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, c) Rossotrudnichestvo; d) Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor) for: - generalizing foreign experience of the interconnection between science, education, business and territorial administrations; - analyzing the Russian experience of new industrial policy: higher education institutions, scientific research, business and state administration; - produce recommendations to Russian higher educational institutions to expand innovation activity given the low demand for innovation. Recommendations on adapting the most successful practices for enhancing the competitiveness of universities in the digital revolution era. |
| Keywords: | CLUSTERS, POLES OF COMPETITIVENESS, IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE, TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT, COORDINATION MECHANISMS OF HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURES, INNOVATIVE PRODUCT, DIGITAL ECONOMY, DIGITAL STATE, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMPETITIVE COOPERATION |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220101&r=cis |
| By: | Zemlyanskiy, Dmitriy (Землянский, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chuzhenkova, Valeria (Чуженькова, Валерия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abdullaev, Alexander (Абдуллаев, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kalinovskiy, Leonid (Калиновский, Леонид) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kulikov, Vladimir (Куликов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Medvednikova, Darina (Медведникова, Дарина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shampurov, Ivan (Шампуров, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The research work is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2015-2019 and reflects both the current level of territorial development and the dynamics of key parameters for the period analyzed. Russian cities regularly become the subject of discussion among representatives of government authorities and the scientific community, as one of the key factors of the socio-economic development of the country as a whole. Contemporary urban scientists usually limit their studies of the current state and peculiarities of social and economic development to just a single municipality or small groups of cities. The goal of this study is to determine the main trends in the socio-economic development of Russian cities between 2015 and 2019. To achieve this goal, the following objectives were formulated: setting up a database of key socio-economic indicators of Russian cities (in the period from 2015 to 2019); a systemic review of socioeconomic development trends of Russian cities; identification of main problems and resources of socio-economic development of cities; classification of the cities by the current socio-economic development level. The input data for the research work is taken from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation for Municipalities (Database of Indicators of Municipalities, Rosstat), with data from ministries and departments, open sources, including analytical reports, geoinformation systems data, etc. The following research methods are used: analysis of literature and open sources, statistical analysis, econometric and GIS analysis, qualitative comparative analysis, mapping. The results are as follows: an overview of trends in the socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2010- 2020 is developed; approaches and methods for assessing the socio-economic development of Russian cities are studied; a database of indicators of socio-economic development of cities for the period 2015-2019 is set up, and an analysis of the structure and features of the database is carried out; the features of socio-economic development of cities depending on population, geographical location, administrative status are studied; the key problems of socio-economic development of cities at the present stage are considered; the classification of Russian cities by socio-economic development level is proposed; a forecast of socio-economic development trends of Russian cities in the short run is made; the Atlas “Socio-economic development of Russian cities in 2015-2019” is compiled. According to the results, the key trends in the socio-economic development of cities are as follows: the preservation of substantial differentiation in terms of socio-economic development; increasing hyper-centralization of population and resources in metropolitan agglomerations; accelerating depopulation of cities; polarization of the settlement system; reduction of the population incomes and city budgets. The most important problems of socio-economic development of cities at the present stage are as follows: a shortage of demographic and migration resources for quantitative growth; slow post-industrial transformation together with a shortage of investment for the development of large and medium-sized enterprises; low level of budgetary independence and a shortage of budget funds for the implementation of development projects. The Atlas of Cities, compiled by the authors based on the results of the work, provides a detailed illustration of trends and problems, supported by an analysis of 40 key statistical properties of the socio-economic development of Russian cities. The Atlas materials will be useful in guiding competent government decisions regarding urban development. They will be helpful to executive authorities of various levels, local stakeholders, and representatives of the expert and a wide range of experts and analysts. |
| Keywords: | Cities, urban agglomerations, economic development, economic growth, urban infrastructure, social development, human capital, urban environment, urban development index |
| Date: | 2021–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220157&r=cis |
| By: | Artemenko, Olga (Артеменко, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kuzmin, Michail (Кузьмин, Михаил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Anzorova, Svetlana (Анзорова, Светлана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Borgoyakova, Tatiana (Боргоякова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Gasanova, Patimat (Гасанова, Патимат) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Subrakov, Alexander (Субраков, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is determined by an examination of the processes of reforming the education system in the Russian Empire between 1726 and 1917, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing the society and overcoming universal illiteracy. It is the degree of development of the education system that ensures the level of literacy, education of the population, forms certain personality qualities, which contributes to the state’s economic development and social growth. In this context, issues related to organizing education for the peoples of the Russian Empire, which was implemented within the framework of the doctrine of State integrity of a multinational State, deserve special attention in a multiethnic state, historically formed not by migrants but by local residents. Only Russia has such experience, and it needs to be studied. Subject of study. Reform of the education system from 1726 to 1917. The purpose of the study. Study of the experience of the Russian Empire in organizing educational activities aimed at forming interethnic harmony, preserving the integrity of a multinational state. Research tasks. Identification and description of periods of educational reform in the Russian Empire. Research methods. In solving specific research problems, comparative historical, biographical, synchronous, and diachronic methods were used. Sources of information. The implementation of the research tasks required a comprehensive identification of both archival and published sources: in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). In the Russian State Library (RGB), the authors reviewed the holdings of the Ministry of Education and its Departments, verbatim reports of the State Duma, personal funds of the Ministers of Education (V.G. Glazov, Peter M. von Kaufmann, I.I. Tolstoy, A.N. Schwartz). In the scientific archive of the Russian Academy of Education (RAO), documents were revealed in the collection of historical documents and the legacy of prominent teachers, public figures V.P. Vakhterov, N.V. Chekhov and others. Results of the study. The materials revealed and described are introduced into scientific circulation in a systematic way for the first time. They help restore the stages of formation of the education system in the Russian Empire and the results of its reform. The systematization of these diverse sources, complementing and clarifying each other, made it possible to restore a fairly solid picture of the formation of public education in the Russian Empire. The sources described contain valuable material for studying the development of education in the pre-revolutionary period, reveal the experience of the state in the formation of interethnic harmony, preserving the integrity of a multinational state. Findings of the study. The need to improve the literacy and education of the population of the state determines the economic, political, socio-cultural development of a multinational society. The effectiveness of modernization is more dependent on, and determined by, reforms in education, in the formation of a certain type of personality, which must be considered in a historical context. The study was conducted in 2021 by the employees of the Research Center for National Education Problems of the RANEPA Federal Institute for the Development of Education (FIRO). |
| Keywords: | school, reform, pre-revolutionary Russia, society, modernization, literacy, universal compulsory primary education |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220142&r=cis |
| By: | Lomteva, Elena (Ломтева, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Bedareva, Larisa (Бедарева, Лариса) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polushkina, Anna (Полушкина, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This scientific report presents the findings of a study of regional systems of secondary vocational education during the forced transition to distance learning. The large-scale lockdown of vocational educational institutions during the pandemic and the need to switch to distance learning as soon as possible revealed a number of problems: distance learning technologies are not used in eight regions of the Russian Federation to train either skilled workers and employees or secondary level specialists; e-learning and distance learning in the Russian Federation are used by no more than 20% of secondary vocational education institutions; teachers and industrial training supervisors do not possess the necessary skills to integrate digital technologies into the education process. The paper considers the directions of transformation of regional systems of secondary vocational education associated with the introduction of distance learning technologies and an increase in the enrollment. The study is based on an analysis of statistical data describing the current status of regional secondary vocational education systems, including statistical reporting forms. The work is important for the regional vocational education systems and is the basis for the implementing new principles of building regional vocational education systems and the development of new social partnership mechanisms ensuring active involvement of labor market participants in vocational education. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220141&r=cis |
| By: | Nikulin, Alexander (Никулин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study aims at systematization of the trends in the differentiation and integration of social-economic practices typical for Russian farmers. The authors identify prospects and limitations of such processes including based on the results of the empirical studies conducted in key agricultural regions of the Russian Federation. The research data collected during the field case studies allow identifying the main social-economic strata of farms, describing the types of their economic practices, and analyzing alternative directions of their social and regional differentiation and integration. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220132&r=cis |
| By: | Nikulin, Alexander (Никулин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The article aims at identifying the main employment types of foreign migrants in the Russian countryside. The authors describe different employment types of migrants in the Russian agriculture and in a number of foreign countries; they also conducted a quantitative and qualitative study of the Russian agricultural sector potential for attracting foreign labor migrants, identified the regional features of labor migration to rural areas, including in the historical perspective; analyzed the types of informal economic and social relations of migrant workers with local rural communities. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220134&r=cis |
| By: | Vedev, Aleksey (Ведев, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tuzov, Konstantin (Тузов, Константин) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kovaleva, Marina (Ковалева, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Eremkin, Vladimir (Еремкин, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The topic of the study is relevant due to the fact that abrupt changes in the economy and in the financial system, particularly those caused by the coronavirus pandemic, have changed all existing development forecasts. At the same time, a whole range of new risks for the financial system appeared. In this regard, the development of a forecast for the development of the financial sector in various scenarios, taking into account risks and opportunities, seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study is to develop a medium-term forecast for the development of the financial sector in the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is the dynamics of the development of the financial system of the Russian Federation in the medium term. The research method or methodology is based on the study of key current and retrospective data on the state of the financial sector of the Russian Federation, highlighting the most important risks for the financial sector and building a medium-term forecast. As a result of the work carried out, the key components of the budgetary sphere, financial and credit markets have been analyzed, and the impact of the deterioration in the external environment has been assessed. Thus, the work presents the assessments of the prerequisites for the forecast and developed three possible scenarios for the development of the financial sector in Russia. The scientific novelty of the research lies in producing unique forecasts for the development of the financial sector in Russia. The recommendations obtained as a result of the study indicate the need to develop mechanisms for responding to certain risks for the financial system, taking into account the possible consequences of such an impact presented in the forecast. The project was carried out as part of research work by the Laboratory for Structural Research of the IAER at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in 2021. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, financial market, debt and equity financing, shares, bonds, medium-term planning, financial and budgetary system, recovery growth |
| Date: | 2021–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220147&r=cis |
| By: | Fedotov, Alexander (Федотов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kovalenko, Alexey (Коваленко, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polushkina, Anna (Полушкина, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Bedareva, Larisa (Бедарева, Лариса) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The object of the study is the system of research funding in Russian universities. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential of scientific research in universities of different profiles and the ability of higher education institutions to attract budgetary and non-budgetary funding for research. Method and methodology of research – methods of statistical data analysis; methods of comparison and generalization of the results obtained; international methodology for calculating socioeconomic indicators; methods of comparative analysis of socioeconomic information. The study as a whole is aimed at solving the following main fundamental and applied problems: Analysis of the principles, models and mechanisms of research funding in the system of higher education in Russia and abroad; Development of approaches (methodology) to assessing the impact of the amount of budgetary and non-budgetary funding of scientific research on the development of universities as scientific and educational centers; Analysis of regulatory documents pertaining to non-financial support measures, financing of scientific research in Russian universities and the effectiveness of their implementation; Analysis of the impact of the establishment of world-class research and education centers on the distribution of financial resources in Russia’s higher education system; Assessment of the current financing volume of civilian research, development and engineering (RD&E) works at universities of different profiles by integrated multidisciplinary groups (IMG), individual training areas and types of activity in the last three years; Determination of the impact of funding and non-financial support measures for university research on the development of universities of different profiles; Development of recommendations to improve the existing support measures for university research in Russia, including support for the subsequent implementation of the results of university research and their commercialization. Research findings. The authors have analyzed the principles, models and mechanisms of financing university research that have been implemented during the last two decades in the USA, China, Japan, Germany, South Korea, France, India, Great Britain, Brazil, and Russia; they have also analyzed the regulatory norms of the system of state support for science development in the Russian Federation, as well as the system for development and application of these measures, assessed the current volume of university research funding by main sources and financing mechanisms for the last three years (based on the statistics available), conducted comparative analysis of funding volumes for universities and academic organizations in different areas (based on the statistics available), proposed a methodology for assessing the microeconomic efficiency and macroeconomic impact of the university’s research activity, conducted an assessment of the influence of university research funding on the development of universities of various profiles. The material was prepared based on the results of research work on research topic 11.3 “Financing and non-financial support measures of university science and their impact on the development of universities of different profiles, ” performed within the framework of the state assignment to RANEPA. |
| Keywords: | RESEARCH FUNDING IN UNIVERSITIES, HIGHER EDUCATION, DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITIES, SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL, COMPETITIVENESS OF EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220139&r=cis |
| By: | Zhemkova, Alexandra (Жемкова, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper assesses the impact of the expected market size on the stimulation of the technological development of Russian durable goods manufacturing companies. The work is structured as follows: the first chapter examines theoretical foundations of analyzing the impact of demand on the productivity and innovation activity of the companies, and examines the key sources of productivity growth and technological progress. The second chapter presents an analysis of indicators of the market size for durable goods in Russia, as well as data for Russian durable goods producers. The third chapter presents the empirical strategy and the results of the empirical assessment of the influence of market size on productivity and innovation, including for certain sectors of durable goods production. The fourth chapter analyzes the main measures of economic policy in the field of increasing productivity through the market channel. The main conclusions of the study and recommendations are presented at the end of the work. |
| Keywords: | demand, market size, firm, productivity, labor productivity, TFP, innovation, technological progress |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220136&r=cis |
| By: | Kaukin, Andrey (Каукин, Андрей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kasyanova, Ksenia (Касьянова, Ксения) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kosarev, Vladimir (Косарев, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to develop new methods for forecasting time series with data of different frequencies among exogenous factors; forecasting the indicators of the wholesale electricity market in Russia using methods of combining data of different frequencies, including those based on algorithms of convolutional neural networks. The structure of the work is presented in four sections. The first section analyzes methods for forecasting time series with combining data of different frequencies. The second section presents the architecture of a convolutional network that allows the use of data of different frequencies. The third section presents a price model for the wholesale electricity market using data from the Atlas of Russian Energy. The fourth section presents recommendations and main conclusions of the work. |
| Keywords: | electricity demand, wholesale electricity market, generation capacity, day-ahead market, price modeling, multi-frequency data, convolutional neural networks |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220135&r=cis |
| By: | Danilov Yury (Данилов, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Pivovarov, Daniil (Пивоваров, Даниил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Davydov, Igor (Давыдов, Игорь) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes various concepts of financial sector efficiency, and, based on this analysis, the authors established financial sector indicators that are the most appropriate for empirical research and for the establishment of key performance indicators for financial regulators. The authors develop a set of performance indicators, based on which they analyze changes in various aspects of efficiency of the Russian financial sector, including its usefulness for the investment recipients and for households, as the main suppliers of investment resources. Based on the Russian data, empirical studies of the impact of efficiency on economic growth have been conducted. Proposals for the construction of a set of key performance indicators that evaluate the performance of social and economic functions by the financial sector, its participation in the achievement of strategic national objectives and the level of financial development are formulated. |
| Date: | 2021–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220150&r=cis |
| By: | Svetlov, Nikolay (Светлов, Николай) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ternovsky, Denis (Терновский, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Uzun, Vasily (Узун, Василий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shishkina, Ekaterina (Шишкина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study proves the effectiveness of the tools used to regulate the export of wheat, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil that restrict the transfer of global prices to the domestic market, but it also evaluates the negative effects of their use and formulates proposals for their improvement. In justifying the use of floating duty mechanisms on grain exports and grain dampener, the authors also assess their positive effect on the level of consumer prices for foodstuffs made with grain. To prevent the negative effects of export restrictions, the use of a regularly updated base export price value is recommended when calculating the floating export duty on grain. The influence of tariff disparity on the restrictions on the export of sunflower seeds is substantiated, and it is shown that the use of export restrictions at a higher level of competition in the domestic market does not reduce the effect of the agricultural producers’ income growth associated with an increase in the global sunflower oil prices, with a neutral effect on the position of the processing industry. It is shown that the introduction of a floating export duty on sunflower oil in September 2021 is equivalent in its effect on the consumer market to the effect of voluntary retail price capping agreements in 2020-2021. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220144&r=cis |
| By: | Maleva, Tatiana (Малева, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kartseva, Marina (Карцева, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kuznetsova Polina (Кузнецова, Полина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Children’s health not only largely determines the health of the population at the current time but is also a key determinant of health and other aspects of life in adulthood. Understanding the factors that determine health in childhood can provide important information for the design of an effective state policy in the field of children’s health. The paper presents the results of a critical analysis and systematization of Russian and foreign scientific studies of the determinants of children's health and health-related behaviors. The literature review is based on contemporary publications in the fields of economics, sociology, medicine and public health. The results of scientific research indicate that the most important socio-economic determinants of children's health in developed countries are material wellbeing, living conditions, migration status, education and employment of parents, parental health, lifestyle and behavior of people around the child, and environmental factors. Among the demographic factors of child health, the demographic structure of the household and the gender of the child stand out. The results of Russian and foreign studies in the field of medicine and public health show that, despite the differences in national health systems, children from wealthier families tend to show better health compared to children from less wealthy families (social gradient in health). To the best of our knowledge, the number of studies of the health factors of Russian children and adolescents, based on nationally representative data, is very limited. Existing studies were carried out quite a long time ago, their methodology and results need to be updated. Literature review lays the theoretical and methodological foundations for conducting a modern econometric study of the health factors and health-related behavior of Russian children. |
| Keywords: | children, adolescents, health, health behavior, inequality, socio-economic status |
| Date: | 2021–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220127&r=cis |
| By: | Yachmeneva, Nadezhda (Ячменева, Надежда) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Subject Academic dishonesty (fraud) Goal To develop a plan to modify and adapt a version of a questionnaire to measure the propensity for planned academic dishonesty in students based on planned behavior theory. Relevance Statistics on the scale of dishonesty and fraud in higher education are of concern to many countries, including Russia. Academic fraud leads to a number of negative consequences not only in the form of reduced efficiency and quality of education, but also the implementation of dishonest behavior in the workplace after graduation. Scientific novelty The paper will present a plan for adapting the first Russian-language methodology that measures the components of Planned Behavior Theory that predict the propensity for planned academic fraud. Methods Literature analysis. Results Based on the literature analysis, the problem, goal, objectives were defined, reasonable hypotheses were put forward, and practical relevance was spelled out. Conclusions An empirical research design for adapting a questionnaire to measure the propensity to engage in planned academic cheating was prepared. Recommendations The adapted Russian-language methodology for determining the propensity for academic dishonesty can be used as a working tool to identify attitudes, intentions, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral obligations of Russian students with regard to academic dishonesty, on the basis of which subsequent changes in the educational process, such as introduction of student ethical codes and building a system to deal with plagiarism can be implemented. |
| Keywords: | Academic dishonesty, academic fraud, academic cheating, cheating, dishonest behavior, academic performance, psychometrics, questionnaire |
| JEL: | E70 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220117&r=cis |
| By: | Nikulin, Alexander (Никулин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The social and economic differentiation in the countryside is a classic issue of agrarian sociology; however, in the post-Soviet period it was considered not only by rural sociologists, but also by agrarian economists and geographers. The object of the research is dual in nature: on the one hand, it is a number of rural regions in which the processes of social and economic differentiation were studied; on the other hand, it is a number of rural communities and rural households which undergo such processes in varying degrees. The study aims at identification of the main types of social-economic differentiation in the countryside and at describing its dynamics in different social groups of the Russian countryside. To achieve this goal, the authors consider social transformation processes in the main rural strata of the post-Soviet period, compare processes of social and economic differentiation in rural areas in various countries, and take into account gender and generational characteristics of different forms of rural differentiation. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220133&r=cis |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Fedotov, Alexander (Федотов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kovalenko, Alexey (Коваленко, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Blinova, Tatiana (Блинова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the correspondence between the structure of training personnel with higher education and the prospective sectoral structure of the subjects of the federation. Comparison of the structure of personnel training in the context of integrated multidisciplinary groups with the prospective structure of regional economies in the context of types of economic activity revealed that the disproportion in provision of needs of regional economies with specialists of relevant specialization in education is observed in 76 subjects of the Russian Federation; moreover, for 11 multidisciplinary training areas, this disproportion is noted in more than a quarter of the subjects of the federation. This scientific work shows a new trend in the development of the system of additional professional education – a faster growth in the volume of professional retraining programs with the assignment of a new qualification, which may indicate the growing role of the additional professional education system, to compensate the shortage of personnel with higher education through the retraining of specialists with unpopular qualifications in the labor market, and giving them new competencies that meet the demands of the labor market. Based on the results of the analysis, measures are proposed to align the training structure of personnel with higher education to the future structure of regional economies. The material was prepared based on the results of research work on the research topics "11.1 Analysis of the effectiveness of existing networks of public and private universities in the Russian regions in the context of the rapid development of distance learning technologies" and "11.4 Research of long-term development trends in the system of continuing professional education ", carried out within the framework of the state assignment to RANEPA. |
| Keywords: | CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT, STAFF DEMAND, STAFF WITH HIGHER EDUCATION, STRUCTURE OF STAFF TRAINING, STRUCTURE OF GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220140&r=cis |
| By: | Abroskin, Alexander (Аброскин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abroskina, Natalia (Аброскина, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | TThe relevance of the research is related to the need of improving the methodology for measuring the population poverty level in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to inclusion of non-monetary components in the system of factors taken into account in the process of estimates construction of population poverty level and its dynamics in the Russian Federation. The tasks to be solved within the framework of the ongoing research include: analysis of existing methodological approaches to measuring the poverty level; identification of problematic aspects of the monetary indicators use in measuring the poverty level; analysis and systematization of promising international measurement experience taking into account non-monetary components; development of proposals for improving the methodology for constructing estimates of the poverty level in Russian statistics. The research was conducted as part of the research work of the 2021 RANEPA state task. During the research, methods of analysis and systematization of existing promising developments in the field of integrated measurements of the level and dynamics of the population poverty level were used. The information basis of the research was promising developments in the methodology of accounting for non-monetary factors in measuring poverty, presented in documents of international organizations - UN, IMF, World Bank, OECD and EU, as well as relevant developments implemented in the statistics of individual countries. The specific results of the research include: developed methodological basis for constructing multidimensional estimates of the population poverty level, recommended approaches to taking into account non-monetary components in measuring the poverty level and its dynamics, proposals for taking into account deprivation characteristics in constructing multidimensional estimates of the population poverty level. The main conclusions of the research: the most promising approaches to accounting for non-monetary factors include the development of material deprivation indicators, which can be supplemented with information on indicators of social isolation. The prospects of the research and the directions of further work are related to the development of methodological basis for constructing estimates of the poverty level based on a combination of its monetary and material characteristics. |
| Keywords: | deprivation indicators, estimation methods, households, methodology, multidimensional indicators, non-monetary features, poverty level, social statistics |
| Date: | 2021–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220155&r=cis |
| By: | Sinyagin, Yuri (Синягин, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sinyagina, Natalia (Синягина, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Selezneva, Elena (Селезнева, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Pereverzina, Olga (Переверзина, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Rozhok, Anatoly (Рожок, Анатолий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sheburakova, Oksana (Шебуракова, Оксана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is explained by the demand for scientific and practical improvement of approaches to the selection and formation of management teams for the implementation of national projects; The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the selection and formation of management teams for the implementation of national projects using personnel regional competitions; Research tasks: a) to identify the specifics of the regional personnel competitions as a tool for building management teams; b) to analyze the specific team properties relevant for the implementation of national goals and projects based on the generalization of the regional personnel competition results; c) to model the requirements to managers and managerial teams in relation to the implementation of national projects in the constituent units of the Russian Federation; d) to determine the characteristic properties of effective management teams for the implementation of national projects; e) to analyze personal and group effectiveness factors of managers as members of the management team implementing national projects. The study was conducted in 2021 at the Faculty of Management Personnel Evaluation and Development, RANEPA Graduate School of Public Administration. Research methods: scientific and methodological analysis, psychobiographic analysis, observation, expert survey, questionnaire, personal and professional diagnostics, content analysis of documents were used as research methodologies. The 2019-2020 database was used for the analysis, which includes personal and professional diagnostics results of civil servants, as well as the results of the expert survey. The main results of the study are: clarification of the concept of "Management team" in relation to the public administration system; Expert and analytical note "Regional personnel contests as a tool for building management teams"; Guidelines for optimizing the team selection process to implement national projects using regional personnel competitions. Basic conclusions: The results of research work may be useful for creating the basis for development of effective management teams in all the structures of public administration, as well as the development of specific mechanisms for selecting and building management teams for the implementation of national projects using regional personnel competitions. Research prospects may be associated with: identifying value-semantic factors for the development of team capacity and improving the efficiency and productivity of project activities in the public administration system; studying the psychobiographical development factors of civil servants’ readiness to fulfill certain management and commanding roles; developing the tools for assessing the management team in the public administration system as a group entity of the activities; improving the technology of regional personnel competitions as a tool for selecting effective management teams. |
| Keywords: | National projects, regional authorities, project office, management teams, regional personnel competitions, criteria and indicators of team activities, team selection and formation, comprehensive resource analysis, personal and professional resources, team resources, managerial and team roles |
| JEL: | R13 R58 E61 Y80 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220104&r=cis |
| By: | Rostislav, Kirill (Ростислав, Кирилл) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ponomarev, Yury (Пономарев, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The transportation system is less variable than settlement patterns or the allocation of economic activity. This necessitates checking the optimality of spending on the development of transportation networks. Previous work in this area proposed criteria for the optimal development of transport networks for a single mode of transportation. The study demonstrates how, with the help of carrying capacity, a multilayer network can be “collapsed” to a representation convenient for working with the usual tools of spatial general equilibrium models. The possibilities of the new approach have been tested on the example of the Kaliningrad oblast. It was found that the distribution of the carrying capacity between the urban districts of the Kaliningrad region is not optimal: the carrying capacity of the roads in the latitudinal direction is insufficient. It follows from the model that new investments in road construction should bring the carrying capacity of roads between municipalities closer to such levels that the ratios of carrying capacity between pairs of adjacent territories correspond to those in the model with a zero lower limit of the optimal carrying capacity value. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220131&r=cis |
| By: | Mikhel, Dmitry (Михель, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Mikhel, Irina (Михель, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Malinovskaya, Olga (Малиновская, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to analyze the history of sanitary reforms in East Asia on the territory of two European enclaves (Hong Kong and Shanghai), which became important centers of transit of Western public health theories and practices to China in the second half of XIX - first half of XX centuries. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the necessity of understanding the historical experience of social processes management in complex epidemiological situations and development of Russian society response to new big challenges, connected with epidemic spreading. The novelty of the study consists in clarifying the existing scientific picture of the formation of modern public health management institutions in East Asia during the period from the beginning of European expansion into China to the Japanese invasion. The study was conducted in 2022 using primary sources from digital libraries in London (Wellcome Collection), Hong Kong (Digital Repository of Hong Kong University), and Shanghai (Virtual Shanghai), as well as works by Western and Chinese historians on public health and sanitation in Asia. During the study methods of historical knowledge were used: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-typological. Methodology of social history of public health became the theoretical base of research. The conclusions of the study are as follows. Sanitary reforms began in those parts of East Asia where European influence was strong. At the forefront of the reforms were the British colony of Hong Kong and the international settlements in Shanghai, where Europeans had to adapt to the difficult conditions of climate, the burden of infectious diseases, and constant overcrowding. Rationalizing the management of urban space, they did not try to offer their way of life to the Chinese population, seeing them as culturally backward and unable to assimilate such civilizational achievements as sewage and running water, but under the pressure of economic and epidemiological needs this step was taken. As a result, by the end of the 1930s, Hong Kong and Shanghai had become prosperous cities with relatively good sanitary and epidemiological conditions. |
| Keywords: | world history, epidemics, modernization, sanitation reforms, Hong Kong Sanitary Board, Shanghai Municipal Council |
| JEL: | N01 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220107&r=cis |
| By: | Küblböck, Karin |
| Abstract: | Der Übergang zu erneuerbaren Energien und die fortschreitende Digitalisierung führen zu einem erheblichen Anstieg der Nachfrage nach bestimmten mineralischen Rohstoffen. Diese Rohstoffe werden häufig nur in wenigen Ländern abgebaut bzw. verarbeitet, was zu Abhängigkeiten und einem Wettbewerb um den Zugang zu diesen Ressourcen führt. Die Unterbrechungen in den Lieferketten aufgrund der COVID-19 Pandemie und des Ukraine-Kriegs haben diese Situation weiter verschärft bzw. verdeutlicht. Um dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen, hat die Europäische Union (EU) bereits im Jahr 2008 eine Rohstoffstrategie entwickelt, die das Ziel verfolgt, den Zugang zu 'kritischen' Rohstoffen zu sichern. Seitdem wurden eine Reihe weiterer Maßnahmen und Strategien verabschiedet, die nun erstmals im Jahr 2023 in einer Gesetzesinitiative, dem Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), münden. Der CRMA zielt darauf ab, den Zugang zu Rohstoffen für die europäische Industrie zu gewährleisten und bezieht sich sowohl auf Drittländer, als auch auf den Abbau und die Verarbeitung innerhalb der EU selbst. Das vorliegende Briefing Paper zeichnet die Entwicklung der EU-Politiken in Bezug auf kritische Rohstoffe nach. Es geht insbesondere auf die Inhalte des CRMA ein und bietet Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf Politikkohärenz. |
| Keywords: | Kritische Rohstoffe, EU-Rohstoffpolitik, Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:oefseb:35&r=cis |
| By: | Maleva, Tatiana (Малева, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Rogozin, Dmitry (Рогозин, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Implementing the goals related to the modernization of the sphere of public services requires revising the reform stages that have been completed and assessing its current results. This study proposes an integrated approach to the development of a methodology for such an assessment, as well as a communication environment that creates an effective demand for the data obtained. The research objective is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the customer focus of government institutions. The tasks are: to formulate a problem, build a research methodology, form an array of data, assess the general perception of the public services sector by the respondents, identify the most problematic sectors of public services in the public perception, and analyze the respondents’ proposals. The research methodology is based on analytical procedures related to the collection and processing of primary and secondary data, conducting opinion polls and interpreting research results. The study is aimed at identifying the public perception of the level of customer focus of public service providers and government agencies, which determines the relevance of this work. The object of the research is the socio-economic situation of the population of Russia. The subject of the research is the satisfaction of the public with the quality and procedure for the provision of public services. The survey was conducted on March 23- 27, 2021 on a non-random river sample. In total, 2110 people were interviewed. The sample is not representative and does not represent the population of Russia; however, it allows us to formulate significant hypotheses and highlight the characteristic features of the perception of the quality of public services by various social groups. The results of the study show that the public has a generally positive attitude towards public services: the maximum value of the Index for assessing the quality of public services reveals the top three (migration registration services, obtaining personal vehicle documents, medicine). Nevertheless, the high assessment of the quality of medical services contradicts the data of other surveys that state the Russians’ critical attitude towards the healthcare sector. Approval of the depersonalization of the service provider in areas such as education and health deserves in-depth study. |
| Keywords: | Public service efficiency index, targeted survey, non-random sample, quality of services, customer focus of services, social services, public service centers, public survey |
| Date: | 2021–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220126&r=cis |