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on Confederation of Independent States |
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Issue of 2023‒03‒13
forty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Malakhov V. S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Simon M. E. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Letnyakov D. E. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Motin A. S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Nikolsky Lev (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Pirova M. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Research on the impact of migration on the urban cultural infrastructure plays an important role in the European social anthropology. The city cultural space appears as a kind of ‘multicultural machinery, ’ whose operation is supported by multiple actors, from officials to ‘cultural brokers’. In the Russian scientific literature, there is a certain gap in the study of urban ‘multicultural machineries.’ Some studies of the migrants’ leisure practices and cultural consumption have been published, but the topic of public representation of cultural diversity associated with migration remains poorly researched. Meanwhile, the national policy, which is largely based on the Soviet cultural heritage in organizing intercultural interaction, faces new challenges associated with the generational change. Young people from Central Asia who come to Russia for study and work, do not consider Soviet cultural background as a self-evident point of reference anymore. In these conditions, a revision of the existing approaches to the integration of migrants into the cultural sphere of the host cities is required. |
| Keywords: | migration, urban diversity, cultural infrastructure, cultural policy, municipal policy, intercultural communication |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022071&r=cis |
| By: | Lavrova T. B. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Evarovich S. A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Martynova S. E. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Gotovschikova N. E. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Karlova O. A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Digital transformation in governance is possible subject to a change in the corporate culture of the federal authorities. Training and a modern system of professional development of public authorities based on digital solutions and requiring digital skills are becoming the most important tool for changing culture. At the same time, the digitalization of the processes of organizing the professional development of civil servants is impossible without improving this system, including building interconnection with the development strategy of the state body (sphere, department), the system for assessing and motivating civil servants, and their career development. The approaches to planning the professional development of civil servants, quality assessment and examination of educational programs require updating. These processes must be based on modern digital solutions and services. The object of the research is the activities of state bodies and subdivisions regulating the sphere of professional development of civil servants. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the system of professional development of public authorities in the context of the government digital transformation. The tasks are related to the analysis of the current state of the professional development system in public authorities, the development of proposals for improving the system of professional development in governance in the context of digitalization and client (citizen) centricity. The novelty of the research is determined by the introduction of new state data of the professional development system of civil servants and the proposed model of the system maturity levels under study. The research is based on a systemic approach and a comparative method. The following empirical methods are used: sociological research (in-depth interviews, polls of civil servants); analysis of documents, expert sessions; modeling. The result of the research was the development of proposals for improving the system of professional development in the aspect of creating unified methodological approaches to the professional development of civil servants. The main conclusions relate to the application of the maturity level model of this system and the possibility of its use to update the existing approaches and methodological tools. A special place is occupied by proposals for the improvement of the Unified Information System for Personnel Management of the State Civil Service of Russia (EISU KS) and the Unified Specialized Information Resource (EIR) services for professional development of civil servants. The results of research can be used in the interests of federal authorities and regional governments, the Office of the President of the Russian Federation for Civil Service and Personnel, the Human Resources Department of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation to improve work on the professional development of civil servants. The prospects of the study are associated with the implementation of the proposed model of maturity levels and the development of methodological tools for moving to higher levels in terms of organizing professional development. |
| Keywords: | professional development, digitalization, digital transformation, citizen-centric (citizen-oriented), system maturity levels. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022070&r=cis |
| By: | S.G. Belev (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); A.G. Efremov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); A.G. Efremov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); A.V. Kireeva (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); A.B. Zolotareva (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); E.O. Matveev (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); I.A. Sokolov; (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Komarnitskaya A. N. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); O.V. Suchkova. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This article presents the main results of research on the topic of the research of the pricing mechanisms within the public procurement system in the Russian Federation. The goal of this article is to estimate the effect of the pricing mechanism on the efficiency of public procurement system in the Russian Federation. This research examines the initial maximum contract price (IMCP) mechanism as one possible reason for persistent inefficiency of the public procurement system. The authors discuss composite auctions (in which the winner is selected based on more than just price criteria) in the procurement of the results of research and development (R&D) work in Russia. It is found that unscrupulous customers can collude with suppliers to manipulate (overstate) the IMCP and restrict competition, which results in a higher final contract price and losses to the state budget. Using the metric of interaction frequency, we identified suppliers potentially affiliated with the customers. The results of econometric modeling suggest that potentially affiliated suppliers win the auctions with bids closer to the initial maximum contract price (IMCP) than independent suppliers. This result is observed regardless of specification changes and different evaluation methods. Potentially affiliated bidders have higher quality scores in contests with potentially affiliated organizers. At the same time, independent participants receive lower scores in such auctions. Therefore, a potentially affiliated bidder can set a higher price, winning due to overstated quality criteria. |
| Keywords: | vertical collusion, public procurement, composite auctions, R&D, affiliation, quality criterion, tobit regression, federal public procurement system, initial maximum contract price. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022059&r=cis |
| By: | Sokolov I. A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Deryugin A. D. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Belev S. G. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Tishchenko T. V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Khuzina A. F. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Arlashkin I. Yu. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Kozlyakov G. S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The issue of assessing the effectiveness of spending on housing and utility services in Russia remains underexplored. The volume of public funds allocated to the “Housing and Utility Services” sector nationwide has grown 60.2% in 2020 compared to 2016; compared to the total government spending, the increase is from 3.2% in 2016 to 3.7% in 2020. Relatively high government spending on housing and utility services in Russia is associated with numerous sectoral problems – primarily, severe deterioration of fixed assets. The utilities infrastructure continues to deteriorate in literally every region of the country. The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the extended government’s spending on the housing and utility services in the Russian Federation, to develop recommendations for changing the spending structure and volume. The of the study is the budget spending of the extended government of the Russian Federation for housing and utility services. The general research methodology consists of critical analysis and reasoning, a hypothetico-deductive method, case studies, generalization analysis and extrapolation (interpolation) of results. The main findings of the study are as follows: approaches were identified and model tools developed to assess the impact of the volume and structure of government spending on the efficiency of housing and utility services; Russian and international practice of legislative regulation and financing of the housing and utility services sector was analyzed; based on the formulated hypotheses on the conditions and factors affecting the efficiency of the housing and utility services in Russia and abroad, econometric modeling was carried out and the results were interpreted to test the hypotheses; proposals and recommendations were formulated to change the structure and volume of government spending on the housing and utility services. The findings of the study can be used in the interests of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Finance of Russia for the purpose of improving approaches to managing the costs of housing and utility services in the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | HOUSING AND UTILITIES, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, HOUSING, UTILITIES, IMPROVEMENT, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, HOUSING POLICY, INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022062&r=cis |
| By: | Franziska Holz; Christian von Hirschhausen; Robin Sogalla; Lukas Barner; Björn Steigerwald; Claudia Kemfert |
| Abstract: | Ein Jahr nach dem Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine haben sich die Erdgasmärkte in Deutschland und Europa stabilisiert. Obwohl Russland seine Erdgaslieferungen eingestellt hat, ist keine Versorgungsnotlage eingetreten, weil rasch andere Bezugsquellen aktiviert werden konnten und die Nachfrage relativ stark zurückgegangen ist. Auch für den Winter 2023/24 ist nicht mit Engpässen zu rechnen, allerdings bleiben Einsparbemühungen von Industrie und Haushalten wichtig. Angesichts der rückläufigen Bedeutung von Erdgas auf dem deutschen Weg zu Klimaneutralität ist der geplante Bau von Flüssiggasterminals (LNG-Terminals) an Land aber weder energiewirtschaftlich notwendig noch klimapolitisch sinnvoll. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwakt:86de&r=cis |
| By: | Vadim Grishchenko (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Alexey Ponomarenko (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Sergey Seleznev (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | We estimated a model of households’ usage of alternative payment instruments (cash and bank cards) using a new dataset from a survey of Russian households. In our modelling set-up, households’ preferences are determined by the instruments’ perceived attributes and hence their choice regarding payment methods depends on the differences across instruments in these attributes. The results indicate a statistically significant sensitivity of consumer choice to the perceived attributes. We employ the estimated model to evaluate the demand for CBDC depending on its expected design and consumers’ perception of it. We discuss several illustrative projections to demonstrate the application of the tool developed. The predicted utilisation of CBDC varies considerably depending on the attributes hypothesised, although under the conservative assumptions, the projected use of CBDC in household transactions is limited. |
| Keywords: | : Central Bank Digital Currency, Digital Ruble, payment instruments, ordered probit, banknotes, bank cards, Russia |
| JEL: | E42 E47 E50 E58 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps108&r=cis |
| By: | KLYACHKO T.L. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); TOKAREVA G.S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The development of higher education systems around the world is associated with an increase in the number of students, which has almost doubled over the past 30 years. The growth of student contingents has led to a reformatting of university networks. The question of the formation of a network of universities and their influence on spatial development, as well as the problem of the impact of economic development in certain territories on the need for the development of higher educational institutions is an urgent research problem. The main goal of this work is to assess the effectiveness of the spatial development of the higher education system, taking into account the effects that its different levels have on the processes of socio-economic development of Russian regions. The objective of this work is to analyze the existing networks of state universities in Russian regions. Research methods include analysis of statistical data and socio-economic information, economic and mathematical analysis and modeling. The main results of the research: the changes that took place in the network of state (municipal) universities in Russia in the 1990/91–2018/19 academic years are considered; the factors that caused the changes, as well as the consequences for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where the higher educational institutions are located, have been analyzed; the availability of higher education for the population and the economic sustainability of networks of state (municipal) universities in federal districts and various regions of Russia have been analyzed. The obtained results can be used in the interests of public authorities in the field of education for the development of a state policy of spatial development of the higher education system; assessing the consequences of the restructuring of networks of universities and branches of universities on the socio-economic development of Russian regions; assessing the directions of development of higher education in the regions of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | established network of universities, university management, spatial development of higher education |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022040&r=cis |
| By: | Brücker, Herbert (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Humboldt Univ.); Ette, Andreas (BiB); Grabka, Markus M. (SOEP); Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Univ. Bamberg); Niehues, Wenke (BAMF-FZ); Rother, Nina (BAMF-FZ); Spieß, C. Katharina (BiB); Zinn, Sabine (SOEP); Bujard, Martin (BiB); Cardozo, Adriana (SOEP); Décieux, Jean Philippe (BiB); Maddox, Amrei (BAMF-FZ); Milewski, Nadja (BiB); Naderi, Robert (BiB); Sauer, Lenore (BiB); Schmitz, Sophia (BiB); Schwanhäuser, Silvia (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Siegert, Manuel (BAMF-FZ); Tanis, Kerstin (BAMF-FZ); Steinhauer, Hans Walter (SOEP) |
| Abstract: | "Der russische Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine hat die größte Fluchtbewegung in Europa seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs ausgelöst. Seit Kriegsbeginn sind mehr als eine Million Menschen aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohen. Erste repräsentative Erkenntnisse über deren Lebenssituation und Zukunftspläne ermöglicht die Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Befragung)“, eine gemeinsame Studie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin. Für diese Studie wurden 11.763 Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in der Zeit zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Ukraine ; Aufenthaltsdauer ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung ; berufliche Integration ; Bildungsniveau ; Deutsch als Fremdsprache ; Geflüchtete ; Geschlechterverteilung ; Gesundheitszustand ; Herkunftsland ; Lebenssituation ; Rückwanderungsbereitschaft ; Spracherwerb ; Sprachkenntnisse ; Wanderungsmotivation ; Wohnsituation ; Zufriedenheit ; Zukunftsperspektive ; 2022-2022 |
| Date: | 2023–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfob:202302&r=cis |
| By: | Gorshkova Taisia (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Turuntseva Marina (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The article is devoted to modeling the spatial dependence between macroeconomic indicators of Russian regions, using spatial weight matrices. The authors perform a comparative analysis of five matrices taking into account only the values of the indicators themselves in neighboring regions, without the influence of other macroeconomic series of data. The article analyzes papers that describe ways to build weighting matrices, both based only on geographic data and on economic indicators; the five matrices are applied to three models built on Russian regional data. The study is based on regional inflation and GRP data. In addition to modeling on data about all regions, spatial models were also built separately for the Western and Eastern parts of Russia. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that for a number of GRP figures, the choice of spatial matrix significantly affects the ratio estimates and errors of in-sample forecasts. The way in which these matrices are considered in the model is of secondary importance. For regional inflation, on the contrary, the model type is more important, and most matrices give nearly identical results in each model. |
| Keywords: | geographical econometrics, spatial weight matrixes |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022030&r=cis |
| By: | Vsevolod Nikolaiev; Andrii Shcherbyna |
| Abstract: | The following article briefly reflects the author’s progress in their complex research of specific Ukrainian problems of total housing privatization resulting in utility debts and housing stock degradation together with rising subsidies, as well as deformed condominium model without real estate object and weak residential building management. The aim of the article is to show the root of the problem which is connected with wrong property relations and to find common way out. Unlike other authors from East European countries, we base our methodology on the proof that significant part of citizens cannot afford maintenance, operation and renovation of their housing and that the public funding of homeowners is unfair and must be transformed into property exchange instead of subsidizing. To simplify this process Ukrainian wrong condominium model with ownership on individual apartment has to be transformed into housing corporation with shared ownership on land plot and whole building. Next, the shares of the company could be divided on virtual tokens represented the part of the property which could be exchanged for money. The proposed mechanism has additional advantages in case of construction and reconstruction financing, social and private renting housing development, housing management companies stimulating. The model could be used in other East European countries with the similar problems.The problem has acquired particular importance in connection with the destruction of a significant part of residential buildings during the Russian aggression in Ukraine in 2022. New construction and restoration of housing will require fundamentally new property relations, free from existing shortcomings. |
| Keywords: | assets; Ownership; Restoration; Subsidies |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:2022_226&r=cis |
| By: | A.S. TISHCHENKO (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The Center for the Economics of Continuing Education of the RANEPA Institute of Applied Economic Research (IAER) performs annual monitoring of the efficiency of school education. The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant changes in the functioning and development of the educational system, which makes the analysis of the challenges and consequences an urgent research problem. Taking into account the tasks of the national project "Education" and the measures of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Education", eliminating the third shift in school education and achieving single-shift educational process is a significant characteristic of the state of the general education system. The main goal of the study is to assess the current state of regional general education systems, identifying and minimizing risks in achieving the targets. The objectives of this work are to analyze the organization of educational process in the Russian regions in the context of urban and rural settlements; analyze the changes in relation to the pre-pandemic situation at the beginning of the 2019/20 academic year. Research methods include analysis of open statistical data, comparison and generalization of the results. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the problem of second-shift education for schoolchildren in rural areas is less acute than in urban areas; the proportion of schoolchildren in the third shift in rural schools is higher than in urban educational organizations; the pandemic had a negative impact on the mode of education – the increase in the number of schoolchildren studying in the second shift exceeded the growth in the number of schoolchildren in educational organizations by 12.2% in cities and by 87.4% in rural settlements. The results of the study can be used in the interests of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, education authorities of the Russian Federation for assessing the state of regional systems of school education, forecasting the development of regional systems of school education in the medium term to ensure the validity of management decisions in this area in the face of epidemiological and economic instability. |
| Keywords: | monitoring of general education, regional general education systems , training regime |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022041&r=cis |
| By: | Olena Fedyuk; Victoria Volodko |
| Date: | 2022–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cel:report:51&r=cis |
| By: | Makarentseva A.O. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Seredkina E.A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | To develop an effective demographic and family policy, one has to understand the reproductive behavior features and attitudes of the younger generations. These features largely determine the current and future fertility levels. Firstly, this study aims to analyze the prospects of childlessness in Russia. Secondly, we analyze mating and reproductive behavior as well as the reproductive attitudes of the generation born in the 1990s. We reviewed Russian and foreign literature in the field of mating and reproductive behavior, analyzed statistical data and findings of the representative surveys “Person, Family, Society” (2020), “Generations and Gender Survey” (2011) performed by the RANEPA Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting. The analysis of the childlessness prospects demonstrates that in many countries, including Russia, a growing number of families choose to be child-free. The reasons for this child-free attitude are numerous. To a large extent, reproductive intentions are determined by the economic stability. To some people, staying child-free is a life strategy; others remain childless because of the lacking access to assisted reproductive technologies or delaying childbirth. The 1990s' generation demonstrates matrimonial and reproductive behavior diversity. Older models of relatively early marriage and childbirth in some social groups coexist with late childbirth and voluntary child-free attitudes in others. The generation has different values when compared to previous ones, including greater tolerance for childlessness. The external factors that affected the development of the 1990s generation can't be called fortunate, and fertility rates will likely remain low in the short run. Fertility support among the 1990s generation would likely require new population policy measures. |
| Keywords: | reproductive behavior, reproductive attitudes, matrimonial behavior, fertility, childlessness, 1990s generation |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022012&r=cis |
| By: | Krivtsova S.V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Shapkina A.N. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The Russian schooling system fails to effectively counteract bullying, a phenomenon common in educational organizations around the world, including the Russian Federation. According to the 2019 PISA report for OECD countries, 12% of all children in Russia were identified as victims of school bullying. More and more parents are transferring their children to homeschooling, having lost confidence in the school as an organization capable of ensuring safety: today, bullying experience is linked to child suicides and school shootings. Traditional disciplinary methods do not work in the case of bullying, due to the specificity of this socio-psychological phenomenon. Research object: the phenomenon of bullying in the student environment. Subject: scientifically grounded methodological basis for anti-bullying activities of an educational organization (EO), taking into account the specifics of bullying. Study goal: based on the analysis of international and domestic studies of the phenomenon of school bullying, to create a clear and scientifically grounded basis of anti-bullying activities for educational organizations (EO). Study objectives: to analyze international and domestic research of bullying; to create theoretical basis for the model of anti-bullying activities for schools; to develop guidelines for the organization of anti-bullying activities in schools. Results. Analysis of studies in Russian, English, German languages enabled us to answer key questions about the nature of bullying, patterns and mechanisms of its development, and to give a theoretical basis for the model of anti-bullying activities of EOs, to propose guidelines for organizing anti-bullying activities of EOs. Conclusions: Bullying as a socio-psychological phenomenon, due to its complexity, is immune to the traditional administrative pedagogical methods of influence: special knowledge and skills are required from all involved persons - adults and children. The global experience offers a number of models of anti-bullying activities of educational organizations that have empirically proven to be efficient. They are consistent, with a clear division of goals into levels (school-wide, intra-class, individual psychological: working with victims, working with initiators, working with witnesses, working with parents), assuming leadership and full responsibility by the principal. Recommendations: 1) practical recommendations for organizing anti-bullying activities of EOs – an organizational model, an “emergency response protocol”, and methodological support for the work of employees of an educational organization, – enable developing anti-bullying action programs, but the task of adapting them to the Russian environment, conditions of individual regions and EOs remains urgent, as well as the creation of advanced training programs for school principals and class teachers, educational psychologists and social educators by regional Advanced Training Institutes (ATI). 2) This research requires further development in particular, in relation to the figure of the teacher, who often acts both as a victim of bullying and as its initiator. |
| Keywords: | SCHOOL BULLYING, BULLYING IN THE STUDENT ENVIRONMENT, ROLES IN THE BULLYING SITUATION, STAGES OF BULLYING ESCALATION, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF THE SCHOOL, ANTIBULLYING ACTION, METHODS OF PREVENTION AND COUNTERACTION. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022055&r=cis |
| By: | A.V. Shelepov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); O.I. Kolmar (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The object of this working paper is the policy and priorities of the digital economy leaders (the G20 members) in regulating digital platforms. The goal of the study is to assess the impact of these countries’ policies in the field of digital platforms regulation and to develop recommendations regarding Russia’s policy on digital platforms and its participation in developing new global regulatory approaches. In order to achieve this goal, the working paper addresses the following objectives: to clarify the criteria and select the leading countries from among the G20 members on the basis of expert assessments and data from international ratings; to carry out the analysis of policies and priorities of the selected digital leaders (UK, USA, Canada, EU, Japan, Korea, India, China) as well as Russia in regulating digital platforms; to develop recommendations regarding Russia’s policy on digital platforms regulation at the national level, as well as promoting its approach within the G20 and other multilateral institutions. The study is highly relevant since the leading developed countries increase their regulatory potential, including through the consistent inclusion of their standards and cooperation norms they have developed in the documents adopted by multilateral organizations, and thus create a global market for their goods and services, and additional opportunities for their companies. The study shows that a strong potential exists for a positive effect in terms of a coordinated approach to regulating digital platforms’ activities at the international level. In this context, it is important for Russia to integrate the issues of digital platforms regulation into the BRICS and G20 digital economy agendas. |
| Keywords: | digital economy, digital markets regulation, digital platforms, competition, monopolization, consumer protection, personal data, interoperability |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022034&r=cis |
| By: | Cyrille Schwellnus; Antton Haramboure; Lea Samek; Ricardo Chiapin Pechansky; Charles Cadestin |
| Abstract: | Policy makers are increasingly grappling with the stability implications of global value chains (GVCs), as widespread supply shortages following the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian Federation’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine have disrupted the economic recovery and contributed to high inflation. This paper provides a tool to assess vulnerabilities in GVCs by drawing a detailed map of dependencies based on new indicators constructed from the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables. The key findings are as follows. First, GVC dependencies increase with both the size of foreign exposures and the length of foreign value chains. Second, in some industries, such as the automotive and ICT industries, vulnerabilities from high GVC dependence are amplified by high geographic concentration of suppliers or buyers. Third, the People’s Republic of China is the most critical choke point in GVCs across a broad range of industries, both as a dominant supplier and as a dominant buyer. |
| Keywords: | global value chains, international trade, resilience |
| JEL: | F14 F68 L52 |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:142-en&r=cis |
| By: | Azamat B. Berberov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Nikolai S. Milogolov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Unlike other types of passive income, dividends are formed directly from the profit of a legal entity and thus, theoretically, can be taxed twice - at the level of the company and the income recipient. Such disproportion in the conditions of economic activity creates several types of economic distortions, although tax conditions should not influence the economic agents’ decisions. The need to eliminate the disproportions determines the relevance of the topic, and the approach to its development determines the scientific novelty of this study. Thus, the goal of the work is to develop proposals for the harmonization of the taxation regime in the payment of dividends at the level of the company and its participants, including taking into account the problem of double taxation. In order to achieve this goal, the authors set the tasks that involve identifying the current features of the Russian tax legislation in terms of taxation on dividends, generalizing the relevant foreign experience, assessing the economic and fiscal consequences of different scenarios for reforming the current dividend taxation mechanism, and developing specific recommendations aimed at its improvement. The methodological basis of the study consisted of the following methods of scientific knowledge: historical and logical, statistical, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, synthesis, modeling, analogy, econometric, comparative legal. Based on the findings of the study, the authors made conclusions that economic distortions arising from double economic taxation when distributing profits in the form of dividends are characteristic of the Russian tax system; this is indicated, in particular, by the presence of "debt bias" in the financing of Russian private companies, as well as the parallel existence of different taxation principles of capital gains and other income other than dividends (interest and licensing payments). The authors' recommendations present an interrelated system of measures aimed at improving the current model of dividend taxation, including a consideration of the new socio-economic challenges facing the Russian economy. The paper substantiates the expediency of transition to partial exemption of dividends from taxation at the individual level through harmonization of the dividends taxation regime with the system of capital gains taxation. In order to harmonize the rules of dividends taxation with the mechanism of controlled foreign companies, it is also justified to reduce the threshold of “substantial participation in the capital” to 25% while using a zero-profit tax rate for dividends received. The authors also justify the implementation of the “allowance for corporate equity” mechanism in the tax law, which would align the dividends and interest taxation principles and become an investment incentive to attract new equity capital for taxpayers. Prospects of research within the framework of this topic are related to the development of economic and legal signs indicating the payment of "hidden dividends" by taxpayers, in the context of opportunities in the transformation of passive income from one type to another. |
| Keywords: | dividends, double taxation, debt bias, capital gain, economic distortions, withholding tax, tax exemptions, royalties, corporate income tax, allowance for corporate equity. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022043&r=cis |
| By: | Cyrille Schwellnus; Antton Haramboure; Lea Samek |
| Abstract: | Widespread supply disruptions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian Federation’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine have raised concerns among policy makers that globalised value chains expose domestic production to shocks from abroad. This paper uses new indicators of global value chain dependencies and exogenous pandemic shocks to econometrically estimate the effects of supply disruptions abroad on domestic output. The results suggest that the adverse effects of supply disruptions are particularly large when concentration of supplying countries and supplying firms is high. Counterfactual simulations of the econometric model suggest that diversification of suppliers would have sizeable benefits in terms of shielding domestic production against country-specific supply shocks, with partial onshoring of production having only small additional benefits. Technological innovation that reduces foreign dependencies, such as the substitution of renewable energies for fossil fuels, can have similar benefits as diversification. |
| Keywords: | global value chains, international trade, resiliance |
| JEL: | F14 F68 L52 |
| Date: | 2023–02–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:141-en&r=cis |
| By: | Sylvain Bellefontaine; Benoît Jonveaux; Emmanuelle Mansart Monat; Amaury Mulliez; Alix Vigato; Maëlan Le Goff; Jade Castaner; Vincent Joguet; Morgane Salomé; Floriane Vallée |
| Abstract: | The dual shock of the health crisis and the war in Ukraine has pushed up inflation to an extent not seen in developed countries since the 1979 oil shock and the Iran-Iraq war. This shock has put an end to two decades of disinflation imported from China and other emerging and developing countries (EDCs) and over a decade of ultra-accommodative monetary policies. Indeed, Central Banks have since implemented more restrictive monetary policies, firstly in developed countries and Latin America, then in the other EDCs. Coupled with fluctuations in the prices of agricultural commodities and energy, and the ups and downs of the Chinese economy, slowed down by the “Zero Covid” policy and the vulnerabilities of its real estate sector, inflation and monetary tightening profoundly changed the paradigm of the global economy in 2022. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) revised down its economic growth forecast in July, then in October, for virtually all geographical areas for 2022 and 2023 |
| Keywords: | Afrique du Sud, Maroc, Mauritanie, Colombie, Bangladesh, Inde, Philippines, Turquie, Maurice |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2023–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15083&r=cis |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University) |
| Abstract: | Вичерпання інтересу засновника юридичної особи фактом її створення не припиняє існування такої юридичної особи, проте змінює конфігурацію відносин між ними. Такі юридичні відносини мають іншу, відміну від корпоративних юридичних відносин основу для свого розвитку. Юридична особа виступає донором суспільного інтересу при відсутності зустрічного живлення доцільності її існування з боку реципієнтів її діяльності. Тобто відносини юридичної особи та споживачів її суспільної активності позбавлені корпоративності. Такі відносини не мають характеру закритої групи. В їх структурі переважає необмежене коло учасників, які взаємодіють безпосередньо з юридичної особою щодо її сутнісної діяльності та не кореспондують між собою. Приватний інтерес засновника при створенні такої юридичної особи конвертується в суспільний інтерес при її подальшій діяльності. Відповідно до статті 31 Закону України «Про вищу освіту» рішення про утворення державного вищого навчального закладу ухвалюється Кабінетом міністрів України. Водночас, як засновник цієї юридичної особи, останній позбувається особистого інтересу в діяльності цього закладу та його результатах. Цей інтерес мають інші особи, які й стають бенефіціарами відповідних результатів, а також суспільство в цілому, яке користується тією метою, задля досягнення якої створений навчальний заклад. Наведене свідчить, що діалектика соціального зв'язку юридичної особи та її «творця» виходить за межи корпоративних юридичних відносин, які розкривають тільки їх частину в контексті реалізації приватного інтересу її учасника та не вичерпується ними. |
| Keywords: | Corporation law, Kostruba, partnership, Civil law, Corporations, Legal relationship |
| Date: | 2022–04–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03922440&r=cis |
| By: | Nikolai S. Milogolov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Azamat B. Berberov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Unlike other types of passive income, dividends are formed directly from the profit of a legal entity and thus, theoretically, can be taxed twice - at the level of the company and the income recipient. Such disproportion in the conditions of economic activity creates several types of economic distortions, although tax conditions should not influence the economic agents’ decisions. The need to eliminate the disproportions determines the relevance of the topic, and the approach to its development determines the scientific novelty of this study. Thus, the goal of the work is to develop proposals for the harmonization of the taxation regime in the payment of dividends at the level of the company and its participants, including taking into account the problem of double taxation. In order to achieve this goal, the authors set the tasks that involve identifying the current features of the Russian tax legislation in terms of taxation on dividends, generalizing the relevant foreign experience, assessing the economic and fiscal consequences of different scenarios for reforming the current dividend taxation mechanism, and developing specific recommendations aimed at its improvement. The methodological basis of the study consisted of the following methods of scientific knowledge: historical and logical, statistical, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, synthesis, modeling, analogy, econometric, comparative legal. Based on the findings of the study, the authors made conclusions that economic distortions arising from double economic taxation when distributing profits in the form of dividends are characteristic of the Russian tax system; this is indicated, in particular, by the presence of "debt bias" in the financing of Russian private companies, as well as the parallel existence of different taxation principles of capital gains and other income other than dividends (interest and licensing payments). The authors' recommendations present an interrelated system of measures aimed at improving the current model of dividend taxation, including a consideration of the new socio-economic challenges facing the Russian economy. The paper substantiates the expediency of transition to partial exemption of dividends from taxation at the individual level through harmonization of the dividends taxation regime with the system of capital gains taxation. In order to harmonize the rules of dividends taxation with the mechanism of controlled foreign companies, it is also justified to reduce the threshold of “substantial participation in the capital” to 25% while using a zero-profit tax rate for dividends received. The authors also justify the implementation of the “allowance for corporate equity” mechanism in the tax law, which would align the dividends and interest taxation principles and become an investment incentive to attract new equity capital for taxpayers. Prospects of research within the framework of this topic are related to the development of economic and legal signs indicating the payment of "hidden dividends" by taxpayers, in the context of opportunities in the transformation of passive income from one type to another. |
| Keywords: | dividends, double taxation, debt bias, capital gain, economic distortions, withholding tax, tax exemptions, royalties, corporate income tax, allowance for corporate equity |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022064&r=cis |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Niger’s political landscape is broadly stable, but the country continues to face daunting development challenges against a backdrop of fragility, which are exacerbated by a decade of conflict in the Sahel and exposure to climate shocks. Low rainfall in 2021, pushed an estimated 4.4 million people into acute food insecurity this year. Russia’s war in Ukraine added to food, petroleum, and fertilizer price pressures. Economic growth is projected to accelerate from 1.4 percent in 2021 to 7.1 percent this year, driven by private investment and the recovery in agriculture. While debt vulnerabilities have increased, the updated DSA deems debt as sustainable, and the risk of external and overall debt distress is still rated “moderate”. |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/028&r=cis |
| By: | M.V. Kazakova (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Today, trend inflation is one of the important components of monetary models, as well as an indicator of public confidence in the ongoing monetary policy. In addition, trend inflation is used when forecasting inflation over a long-term horizon. This explains the relevance of this work, which is aimed at illustrating the evolution of trend inflation concept (subject of the study), as well as determination of its place in macroeconomic models. A review of theoretical works analyzing the concept of trend inflation and its relationship with other macroeconomic indicators is aimed at achieving this goal. The study was conducted at the Center for the Study of Central Banking Problems as part of the RANEPA state assignment for 2021 using relevant academic literature and as the major source of information and such methods as descriptive, statistical, graphical analysis, a systematic approach, and comparative analysis. Analysis of trend inflation concept allows the authors to conclude that this indicator represents a long-term inflationary trend and is unobservable. In statistics, prices for food and raw materials characterized by high volatility, as well as the effects of changes in indirect taxes, are excluded from the indicator of general inflation in order to identify a long-term trend in the dynamics of the general price level. In addition, trend inflation concept is widely used in macroeconomic modeling. In the future, this review can serve as a starting point for an econometric estimation of trend inflation for the Russian economy; study of trend inflation factors in Russia; analysis of changes in the magnitude and volatility of this indicator over time; as well as formulation of recommendations for the Russian monetary authorities. |
| Keywords: | inflation, trend inflation, core inflation, inflation gap, inflation persistence, monetary policy, inflation targeting, New Keynesian Phillips Curve, macroeconomic modelling |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022007&r=cis |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Czechia's nascent recovery from the pandemic has been hindered by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Gas shortages are unlikely this winter but further increases in energy prices are a key risk. Inflation, which is well above target, and the rise in the cost of living are causing significant social pressure. The labor market remains tight and risks from a heated property market persist. Growth is projected to slow in 2022 and 2023 but to recover in 2024. Risks are tilted to the downside for activity and to the upside for inflation. |
| Date: | 2023–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/031&r=cis |
| By: | Levashenko A.D. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Koval A.A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the legal relationship connected with the development of instruments for automatic exchange of tax information, which are being developed at the OECD level. Subject of the research is analysis of the automatic exchange instruments and the results of its implementation in the practice of states. Relevance of the research is based on the expanding use of automatic exchange of tax information between countries and the issues arising in connection with its application, the emergence of new tax programs aimed at increasing tax transparency. The goal of the study was to identify the issues of automatic exchange and develop proposals for the development of tax exchange instruments. Research methodology was based on the use of methods of logical, system, formal legal and comparative legal analysis. The authors analyze existing instruments for the automatic exchange of information on foreign accounts, cross-country reports on the activities of multinational corporations, and instruments for exchanging information on the sellers’ activities on e-commerce platforms. The research lays the foundations for the development of multilateral instruments for automatic exchange of tax information at the OECD level. To minimize the risks of tax evasion and improve the efficiency of the automatic exchange of tax information, the study proposes steps aimed at increasing the efficiency of Russia's participation in the OECD automatic exchange instruments - CRS MCAA and CbC MCAA. Based on the research, the following findings were made. First, based on the analysis of the legislation of individual countries and the first Peer Review published by the OECD in December 2020, one may conclude that most jurisdictions have a satisfactory legal framework, while in some countries, including Russia, it requires significant improvements. Second, a number of problems remain in the implementation of the standard for automatic exchange of information in Russia, which are primarily associated with the lack of effective mechanisms of responsibility for violation of self-certification and with the retention of currency control requirements. The results of the research include proposals for the development of automatic exchange instruments both on the OECD platform and in Russia. The main recommendations for the development of automatic tax exchange instruments at the OECD level were: improvement of the Peer Review instrument; development of the Model rules for mandatory disclosure on CRS avoidance arrangements and opaque offshore structures at the OECD level; creation of an international legal framework for the unimpeded use of CRS MCAA data for the purposes of combating money laundering and anti-corruption; further improvement and development of the CRS MCAA instrument for automatic exchange of information on foreign accounts. In particular, to improve the efficiency of the instrument, it is necessary to include digital currencies and crypto assets in its operation. The main recommendations for increasing the efficiency of Russia's participation in the automatic exchange of tax information instruments were: introduction of liability for false self-certification of clients and strengthening liability of financial institutions for violating the requirements of the General Reporting Standard; formation of a position regarding the identification of new entities (operators of investment platforms and the operators of the information system issuing digital financial assets) as financial market organizations for the purpose of automatic exchange; abolition of restrictions on foreign accounts and the development of automatic exchange, including with the EAEU countries; implementation of measures to combat white-collar crimes, including the creation of an institution protecting whistleblowers, the introduction of special provisions on liability, etc.; development of guidelines for risk evasion schemes, including CBI / RBI; introduction of a public CbCR (considering the EU proposals). |
| Keywords: | automatic exchange of tax information, OECD, cross-country reporting, CRS MCAA, CBC MCAA |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022065&r=cis |
| By: | Dobrolyubova Elena I (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Yuzhakov Vladimir N (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Client centricity has been defined as one of the core directions for developing Russian strategy for social and economic development. Therefore, reviewing international practice of measuring client centricity in public administration is an urgent and relevant task. The objective of the study is to review international practice of using client-centric performance indicators in public administration and identifying the key trends of such practice which could be used for improving client orientation in the Russian public administration. The subject of the review includes performance indicators used for measuring and evaluating client-centric public administration by international organizations and foreign governments. The paper applies generic analytical scientific methods such as case study, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The study is based on review of international and Russian literature as well as official documents issued by public authorities. The study results include a review of international practice of evaluating client centricity in public service delivery as well as in performing regulatory and enforcement functions. The paper also reviews the impact of digital transformation of public administration on improving client centricity and analysis the existing approaches to forming composite indicators for measuring client centricity. The study concludes that there is significant international practice of using performance indicators reflecting government client centricity and representing the interests of citizens and businesses in public administration performance outcomes, i.e. improving accessibility and quality of public services, ensuring integrity-based and non-discriminatory approach to public service delivery, extending the opportunities for public participation in developing, monitoring, and evaluating public policies, and ensuring adequate protection of public values from risks. Citizen satisfaction with public service delivery (especially in areas such as health and education services) is among the most used performance indicator. Noteworthy, this indicator is not limited to measuring satisfaction with service delivery procedures. On the contrary, citizen satisfaction with quality of public services rendered is considered, too. Government digital transformation allows for integrating client centricity indicators in the processes of managing public service delivery and execution of other types of government functions. The key methods used for data collection include sociological surveys (of citizens, businesses, public servants), various feedback forms used in the process of public service delivery, and expert-based specialized assessments. The novelty of the paper is the broad approach to understanding client centricity as a means to acknowledge, ensure, and protect human rights and freedoms. The study demonstrates that achieving client centricity in public administration calls for introducing the practice of evaluating public administration performance from a citizen viewpoint. To undertake such evaluation, the paper recommends using a composite index measuring governance performance from the citizen viewpoint. Such index may be estimated based on the results of sociological surveys. |
| Keywords: | сitizen, client centricity, digital transformation, feedback, government, indicator, performance evaluation, public service delivery, satisfaction |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022044&r=cis |
| By: | Glukhov Pavel Pavlovich (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Popov Alexander Anatolyevich (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Today, the sphere of additional education for children is undergoing modernization processes, which, on the one hand, provide wider access to budget funds for private organizations and expand the individual capabilities of children, and on the other hand, are perceived by state organizations as restrictive measures aimed at withdrawing traditional funding. The processes of tightening the requirements and the development of supervision and control institutions in the originally liberal system of additional education for children are becoming noticeable. The purpose of the study is to identify qualitative trends in further development of the competitive environment and to propose optimal measures for neutralizing the negative effects hindering the development of the free market for educational services using empirical materials from the examination and analysis of the modernization progress in specific regions of the Russian Federation. The main methods include a full-scale assessment of the activities of organizational and managerial structures at the regional level with partial interviewing of the implementing subjects of the Target Model for the Development of Regional Systems of Continuing Education for Children, along with a high-quality examination of the documents adopted at the regional level. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish contradictions in the operations of educational systems at the municipal level, which indirectly result in unequal access to public funds for educational service providers, thereby limiting competition. As a result, a set of specific measures and changes in the regulatory framework is proposed to eliminate these contradictions. Further research prospects may be associated with a re-examination of the processes of modernization of regional systems of additional education for children, aimed at fixing established management models and assessing their effectiveness in terms of the private sector involvement, its legalization and institutional influence. |
| Keywords: | education, additional education, competition, quality of education, national project, accessibility of education, veducational services |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022016&r=cis |
| By: | Alieva E.F. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Radionova O.R. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Alekseeva A.S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Avalueva N.B. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Asmolova A.L. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Vandanova E.L. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Zagvozdkin V.K. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Zvyagin A.S. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Rezapkina G.V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Kartashova E.V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Shekhter M.L. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is due to the following: traditionally, the problem of managerial success in the modern public administration system is considered from the standpoint of individual psychological characteristics of a person, their psycho-biographical factors, or based on indicators of the effectiveness of managerial activity. On the contrary, the issues of socio-cognitive factors, their influence on the achievements of the individual are considered to a lesser extent. At the same time, social and cognitive features that explain managerial success and differences in management styles are important determinants of managerial success, along with the aforementioned characteristics. Studying this through the prism of personal life strategies, the system of personal meanings that determine individual consciousness, allows us to identify strategies for understanding the subjective effectiveness and success of management activities, especially in a situation of its increasing complexity. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the social and cognitive sphere of modern leaders of the public administration system, its relationship with managerial and career success, and on this basis to substantiate the typology of managers with different management concepts for the development of their individual development programs. The object of the research is the socio-cognitive sphere of the managers’ personality. Research method: study of literary sources, review of scientific approaches, expert survey, questionnaires, content analysis of documents, testing using author's tools, quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. Analysis of the array of empirical data, modeling, comparative data analysis. The main conclusions: based on empirical data from a representative sample of management personnel of the public administration system, which amounted to more than 8000 respondents, a study of the factors of influence of the socio-cognitive characteristics of the leader on their managerial (career) success, the socio-cognitive characteristics of the leader was conducted in 2021 and the typology of leaders based on the combination of these properties was built. The novelty of the research: for the first time, the issue of socio-cognitive determinants of managerial success is considered, a typology of managers is built, which is based on a combination of socio-cognitive characteristics that are determinants of the subjective picture of the manager's world: internality, distance, safety orientation. This can significantly expand the scientific field of research both in the field of the subject of management activities and in the field of professional activities of civil servants. Research prospects: research results can be used to develop scientific potential in order to improve the quality of educational programs for scientific and methodological support for the introduction of new principles of personnel policy in the civil service; develop the requirements for the assessment of managers of the public administration system, candidates for the positions of managers, as well as participants in the reserves of managerial personnel; develop the requirements for the structure and content of management training programs in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and building individualized programs for professional and personal development. |
| Keywords: | Socio-cognitive determinants, managerial success, career success, public administration system, social-cognitive sphere of personality, individual development programs, socio-cognitive characteristics of a leader, subjective management concept, subjective picture of the leader's world. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022069&r=cis |
| By: | Komarov V.M. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Akimova V.V (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Voloshinskaya A.A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | An effective modern strategic planning system should be based on two basic concepts: resilience (resistance or stability against any shocks) and long-term sustainability (with special emphasis on long-term). It is the ability to adapt to modern realities that determines the relevance and effectiveness of the implementation of strategic planning documents. According to various estimates, a full frontal national strategy can “fade” completely within 4–5 years. For a regional or sectoral strategy, according to our estimates, this happens in 2-3 years, for urban - in one. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the factors contributing to the “fading” (forgetting) of strategic documents, and to identify the main approaches, which can be implemented to extend their relevance. The study is dedicated to the analysis of the applicability of existing economic concepts to ensure the solution of the modern problem of socio-economic development: improving the quality of life, ensuring the stability and viability (resilience) of the economic system without increasing economic growth and investment activity (like GDP growth and increase in investments raised) as well as to putting forward recommendations for updating methodological approaches to the development of strategic documents with the aim of creating an adaptive and up-to-date strategic planning system. It was revealed that the strategic planning documents being developed in Russia are static and not capable of responding to changes in the socio-economic, political, cultural situation, while the country’s socio-economic development strategy should be a response tool of state authorities to external challenges, a flexible tool that allows reconfiguring the public administration system to respond to these challenges. It was found that there are two groups of factors responsible for the “fading” of strategic documents: direct - arising from the end of the official validity period of the strategies or due to their cancellation by the authority responsible for the development and implementation of these documents, and indirect – arising from socio-economic transformations taking place in the field of strategic planning and influencing the achievement of the respective documents. According to the results of the analysis of the news background of 10 strategies at regional and municipal level, it was revealed that the “fading period” differs both between regions and municipalities, and between individual cities and regions, depending on the local institutional environment, activity level of the civil society, attitude to the strategy (“formal implementation of the rules” against an effectively working document), etc. Changes were also proposed to Law 172-FZ regarding revision of the existing principles of goal-setting, as well as special testing procedures to ensure the resilience and stainability of the documents. |
| Keywords: | strategic development documents, methodologies, sustainable development, quality of life, economic development, external shocks, "fading period", Law 172-FZ.. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022072&r=cis |
| By: | Glukhov Pavel Pavlovich (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Popov Alexander Anatolyevich (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Today, the sphere of additional education for children is undergoing modernization processes, which, on the one hand, provide wider access to budget funds for private organizations and expand the individual capabilities of children, and on the other hand, are perceived by state organizations as restrictive measures aimed at withdrawing traditional funding. The processes of tightening the requirements and the development of supervision and control institutions in the originally liberal system of additional education for children are becoming noticeable. The purpose of the study is to identify qualitative trends in further development of the competitive environment and to propose optimal measures for neutralizing the negative effects hindering the development of the free market for educational services using empirical materials from the examination and analysis of the modernization progress in specific regions of the Russian Federation. The main methods include a full-scale assessment of the activities of organizational and managerial structures at the regional level with partial interviewing of the implementing subjects of the Target Model for the Development of Regional Systems of Continuing Education for Children, along with a high-quality examination of the documents adopted at the regional level. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish contradictions in the operations of educational systems at the municipal level, which indirectly result in unequal access to public funds for educational service providers, thereby limiting competition. As a result, a set of specific measures and changes in the regulatory framework is proposed to eliminate these contradictions. Further research prospects may be associated with a re-examination of the processes of modernization of regional systems of additional education for children, aimed at fixing established management models and assessing their effectiveness in terms of the private sector involvement, its legalization and institutional influence. |
| Keywords: | : education, additional education, competition, quality of education, national project, accessibility of education, educational services |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022005&r=cis |
| By: | Sylvain Bellefontaine; Benoît Jonveaux; Emmanuelle Mansart Monat; Amaury Mulliez; Alix Vigato; Maëlan Le Goff; Jade Castaner; Vincent Joguet; Morgane Salomé; Floriane Vallée |
| Abstract: | Le double choc de la crise sanitaire et de la guerre en Ukraine a généré une poussée inflationniste sans précédent dans les pays développés depuis le choc pétrolier de 1979 et la guerre Iran-Irak. Ce choc est venu interrompre deux décennies de désinflation importée de Chine et d’autres pays émergents et en développement et plus d’une décennie de politiques monétaires ultra-accommodantes. Depuis, les banques centrales ont en effet mis en oeuvre des politiques monétaires plus restrictives, d’abord dans les pays développés et en Amérique latine, puis dans le reste des PED. Couplés aux fluctuations des cours des matières premières agricoles et de l’énergie, ainsi qu'aux soubresauts de l’économie chinoise ralentie par la politique du « zéro Covid » et par les fragilités de son secteur immobilier, l’inflation et le resserrement monétaire ont profondément changé les paradigmes de l’économie mondiale au cours de l’année 2022. Le FMI a revu à la baisse ses perspectives de croissance économique mondiale pour 2022 et 2023. |
| Keywords: | Afrique du Sud, Maroc, Mauritanie, Colombie, Bangladesh, Inde, Philippines, Turquie, Maurice |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr15083&r=cis |
| By: | Mozgovaya Oxana (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Boris Fayn (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Dmitry Agafonov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the results of the scientific research "The Development of tariff regulation methodology and estimation of district heating liberalization effects”. The authors studied legislation of the price cap regulation on which the ‘No-More-Than-Alternative-Boiler’ principle is based, constituting mechanisms of new economic relationships in the heating sector in Russia. The paper has studied the impact of the price cap regulation based on the ‘No-More-Than-Alternative-Boiler’ principle established for the biggest unified heat supply companies operating in municipal areas where the heating market has completely transitioned to the new economic model as of the second half of 2021 (i.e. the transition period has ended). A lack of heat price explosion is noted; however, in 12 out of 15 unified heat supply companies studied, the conditions are in place for the consumer heating prices to rise faster than inflation in the next few years. According to the results of the research, the main problems of price cap regulation based on the ‘No-More-Than-Alternative-Boiler’ principle have been revealed, and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of ‘No-More-Than-Alternative-Boiler’ principle of the price regulation have been established. |
| Keywords: | tariff regulation |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022038&r=cis |
| By: | Lev Isaakovich Fishman (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Galina Borisovna Golub (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Prudnikova V. A. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Research Relevance. The landscape of the educational services market is undergoing significant changes that require the modernization of most of the labor functions of teachers, provoke the emergence of new professional positions and "hybrid" qualifications. The proposed research is devoted to the development of tools for translating the changing requirements to the results and processes in the general and vocational education and training system into new or updated labor functions of teaching staff in the context of building up a sectoral framework of qualifications in education. The object of the research is the professional qualifications of teaching staff in the Russian general and vocational education and training system in the context of qualification requests of types of professional activity, requirements of the current professional standards, and the targets of national educational development programs. The purpose of the research is to scientifically substantiate and test in practice the technology of modeling prospective labor functions and the corresponding professional qualifications of teachers of the general education system in the context of changing demands of the labor market and customers of the education industry. Main results and conclusions. The qualification requirements to teachers of the general and vocational education and training system, as well as corresponding professional qualifications and characteristics, are provided in the descriptors of the Sectoral Qualifications Framework in Education. The actual labor functions of a teacher in the vocational education and training system, a form master, a methodologist have been established, as well as a list of prospective labor functions of the teaching staff, which need to be institutionalized in the short term to ensure adequate response by educational organizations to changing requirements and demands to the processes and results of its work. The research has revealed the value put on the relevance of actual labor functions and the demand for promising labor functions of teaching staff by the employers in the industry. The ideas of employers in the field of education about the ways of building a professional career as a teacher are summarized. Contradictions are revealed between industry employers’ recognition of the diversification of pedagogical activity context in an educational organization and the stable professional and social stereotype of a "universal teacher". The hypothesis of hybridization of labor functions as a basic way of development of the sectoral qualification system in the field of education has been confirmed. |
| Keywords: | sectoral qualifications framework, professional standard, teaching staff, qualifications, general education, vocational education and training |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022061&r=cis |
| By: | Sinyagin Yury V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Chirkovskaya Elena G. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the study is due to the following: traditionally, the problem of managerial success in the modern public administration system is considered from the standpoint of individual psychological characteristics of a person, their psycho-biographical factors, or based on indicators of the effectiveness of managerial activity. On the contrary, the issues of socio-cognitive factors, their influence on the achievements of the individual are considered to a lesser extent. At the same time, social and cognitive features that explain managerial success and differences in management styles are important determinants of managerial success, along with the aforementioned characteristics. Studying this through the prism of personal life strategies, the system of personal meanings that determine individual consciousness, allows us to identify strategies for understanding the subjective effectiveness and success of management activities, especially in a situation of its increasing complexity. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the social and cognitive sphere of modern leaders of the public administration system, its relationship with managerial and career success, and on this basis to substantiate the typology of managers with different management concepts for the development of their individual development programs. The object of the research is the socio-cognitive sphere of the managers’ personality. Research method: study of literary sources, review of scientific approaches, expert survey, questionnaires, content analysis of documents, testing using author's tools, quantitative and qualitative analysis of empirical data. Analysis of the array of empirical data, modeling, comparative data analysis. The main conclusions: based on empirical data from a representative sample of management personnel of the public administration system, which amounted to more than 8000 respondents, a study of the factors of influence of the socio-cognitive characteristics of the leader on their managerial (career) success, the socio-cognitive characteristics of the leader was conducted in 2021 and the typology of leaders based on the combination of these properties was built. The novelty of the research: for the first time, the issue of socio-cognitive determinants of managerial success is considered, a typology of managers is built, which is based on a combination of socio-cognitive characteristics that are determinants of the subjective picture of the manager's world: internality, distance, safety orientation. This can significantly expand the scientific field of research both in the field of the subject of management activities and in the field of professional activities of civil servants. Research prospects: research results can be used to develop scientific potential in order to improve the quality of educational programs for scientific and methodological support for the introduction of new principles of personnel policy in the civil service; develop the requirements for the assessment of managers of the public administration system, candidates for the positions of managers, as well as participants in the reserves of managerial personnel; develop the requirements for the structure and content of management training programs in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and building individualized programs for professional and personal development. |
| Keywords: | Socio-cognitive determinants, managerial success, career success, public administration system, social-cognitive sphere of personality, individual development programs, socio-cognitive characteristics of a leader, subjective management concept, subjective picture of the leader's world. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022068&r=cis |
| By: | Yuzhakov Vladimir N. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Pokida Andrei N. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Dobrolyubova Elena I. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Zybunovskaya Natalia V. (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Enhancing state regulatory enforcement activity aimed at minimizing risks to the public values (such as health, property, personal data, environment, and cultural heritage) is one of the key priorities of the current governance agenda in Russia. Therefore, monitoring studies intended to identify public perception of the efficiency and effectiveness of regulatory enforcement activities are highly relevant. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the dynamics of the public perceptions of the regulatory authorities’ performance in 2018 – 2011. The subject of the study is regulatory enforcement activities aimed at reducing risks to the public values. The method of the study is a representative sociological survey of the public conducted in 2021. The findings of the survey are then compared to those obtained from previous rounds of the research carried out in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results presented in the paper contain an analysis of the dynamics in public perception of the effectiveness and efficiency of the state regulatory authorities. The paper concludes that while there are some positive trends in the public perception of the safety of public values from most of the controlled risks, the overall perception of safety levels is unsatisfactory. Most respondents find that the safety of public values is insufficient. Notably, the trends in public perception vary depending on the risk type. The greatest progress is noted in ensuring safety from environmental risks and the risks associated with healthcare services. On the contrary, the public perception of personal data protection is trending downwards. Public perceptions of the regulatory authorities’ performance in processing public complaints have not changed significantly. The novelty of the study is related to the collection and generalization of empirical data on the public assessment of effectiveness and efficiency of the state regulatory authorities based on the annual sociological surveys conducted since 2018. The paper highlights the need for further improvements in state regulatory enforcement activities. In particular, the study recommends streamlining the procedures for handling citizen complaints to state regulatory enforcement bodies and taking additional measures to ensure the protection of personal data and privacy. |
| Keywords: | Effectiveness, governance, public values protected by law, regulatory enforcement bodies, public sociological survey, safety perceptions, state regulatory enforcement activity. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022052&r=cis |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh’s robust economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic was interrupted by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Rising global commodity prices, supply disruptions, and slowdown in external demand have led to a sharp widening of the current account deficit, depreciation of the Taka, and the rapid decline of foreign exchange reserves. The resulting high inflation, slow growth, and stringent measures to compress demand are disproportionately impacting the poor. Heightened global uncertainties will keep the balance of payments (BoP) under pressure for some time. |
| Date: | 2023–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/066&r=cis |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Two years after the pandemic, the Spanish economy is facing new headwinds from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Activity has been resilient so far, supported by a strong rebound in tourism and other services and timely policy support measures. However, elevated global energy and food prices, lower trading partners’ demand, deteriorating consumer and business confidence, and rising interest rates have slowed the recovery of output. Growth is projected to moderate to 1.1 percent in 2023. Risks to the outlook include tighter-than-expected financial conditions, weaker global demand, and further increases in European energy prices. |
| Keywords: | December CPI flash estimate; vis nonresident; headline CPI; staff report projection; money market rate; Inflation; Energy prices; Labor markets; Labor market reforms; Income; Global; Europe |
| Date: | 2023–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/033&r=cis |
| By: | Vladimir Potashnikov (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Relevance: Input-output tables are the basis for many types of analysis of the real sector, which are necessary to build a well-thought-out long-term and short-term policy. Evaluation of input-output tables is an expensive and time-consuming procedure. At the same time, national statistical agencies publish additional forecast information, which makes it possible to extend the input-output tables, for example, output and intermediate consumption by sector. The main methods of extending the RAS tables (or its modification GRAS) and Cross Entropy, use data on intermediate demand, the calculation of which requires additional time-consuming work. The use of information only for the previous period and the current period is the main disadvantage of this method. In recent decades, machine learning methods have been gaining popularity, the main advantage of which is finding relationships that can be hard to identify, for example, due to the large dimension of the task or the lack of evidence of cause-and-effect relationships. These methods have proven themselves well in all kinds of image recognition tasks, voice-to-text conversion, and so on. Currently, attempts are being made to apply machine learning methods to economic problems. The application of machine learning methods to the task of updating input-output tables carries a scientific novelty. The purpose of the study is to extend the input-output tables by machine learning methods. The method of extending the input-output tables using convolutional neural networks is the result of the work, as well as the forecast of the coefficients of the direct cost matrix for Russia. Conclusion: the use of input-output tables can improve the quality of forecasts of input-output tables. Recommendations: it is necessary to continue the research in this direction. |
| Keywords: | Input-Output tables, machine learning, CNN |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022037&r=cis |
| By: | Pyddoke, Roger (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Algers, Staffan (Swedish National Road & Transport Research Institute (VTI)) |
| Abstract: | European Union Member States may want to know how far towards their national climate goals currently enacted national policies and Fit for 55 policies can take them. This study compares CO2 emissions from future car fleets and car use in Sweden projected by three models: an application of the PRIMES-TREMOVE model for Sweden, the Swedish Car Fleet Model, and the Swedish Transport Administration model. The projections use official Swedish energy price and policy trajectories as of late 2021. The results of all three models indicate that the evolution of car fleets and car use would bring the emissions from cars close to Sweden’s national goal of reducing CO2 emissions from domestic transport by 70% relative to 2010. The models’ results are very similar, although the models appear to differ considerably. The source of the CO2 emissions, i.e. the car fleet, develops differently in the different models. We discuss the similarities and differences among the models related to emissions and car fleet effects. The discussion concerns conditions prevailing before the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Two important policy implications follow from this. A government keen on achieving its national emission reduction goals may need to compensate for recent energy price changes occurring after forecasts were made by adjusting its policy instruments. Slower adjustments may create higher or even prohibitive costs of achieving goals. By regularly updating projections for exogenous price changes, such scenarios may be prevented. |
| Keywords: | Keywords CO2 emissions; Car fleet; Car use; Projection; Electrification; Biofuel |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2023_002&r=cis |
| By: | Alina Evstigneeva (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Daniel Karpov (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | This study presents a novel approach to distinguishing the news that has the greatest impact on households’ perception of inflation in Russia. Narrowing down the long list of all news items to only the strongly negative requires taking into account the concept of rational inattentiveness by the implementation of a 'too costly to ignore' principle. The feature importance models return very close results about the high importance of three main factors: news about the acceleration of inflation and single prices, about economic crisis and recession, and about the devaluation of the ruble, which is closely related to geopolitics. We also report differences in 1) higher and lower income households' perception of inflation and 2) in the formation of expected and perceived inflation. With these findings, we shed more light on the nature of households’ perception of inflation, which might be useful for central bank communications, especially during crises. |
| Keywords: | : monetary policy, text analysis, inflation expectations |
| JEL: | D83 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps111&r=cis |
| By: | Mikhail Andreyev (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Russian Federation); Andrey Polbin (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Russian Federatio; Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we study the optimal simple monetary policy rules under a Zero Lower Bound (ZLB) using a DSGE model. The modeled economy is open and highly dependent on the terms of trade (TOT). Economic dynamics is the result of a TOT shock and an external interest rate shock. Using impulse response functions, we show that the presence of the ZLB reduces the impact of positive external shocks. This means greater growth in real interest rates and lesser growth in consumption and production. The monetary authority minimizes the volatility of key macroeconomic indicators. The optimal parameters for the rule turn out to be such that the regulator de facto reduces the probability of being at the ZLB. At the ZLB, the regulator is less responsive to inflation changes, and the interest rate is more persistent. In the case of Russia, we have got low probability estimate of hitting the ZLB under the current monetary policy and a long-term value of the interest rate of 6%. The gap reaction parameter and interest rate persistence parameter for the current monetary policy are in the range of values for optimal monetary policy rules. The current CPI reaction parameter is much less than the optimal one. This implies a higher probability of hitting the ZLB in the optimum than under the current monetary policy. We also found that under current monetary policy, the likelihood of reaching the effective lower bound (ELB), defined by the alternative households' ability to save, is quite significant |
| Keywords: | DSGE models, zero lower bound, nonlinear models, optimal policy, monetary policy, terms of trade |
| JEL: | D58 E32 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps81&r=cis |
| By: | Dmitry M. Rogozin (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Olga B. Solodovnikova (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration); Elena V. Vyugovskaya (The Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper is based on the findings of the research work “Modern methodology for analyzing the process and effectiveness of distance education”, conducted by the team of the Field Research Center of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) in 2021. Since the beginning of the pandemic, our colleagues at the Field Research Center have conducted three waves of survey among university teachers dedicated to the urgent transition to distance learning and the ongoing digital transformation of universities. The results of the last third wave (April-May 2021) are presented in this paper. The hypotheses proposed at the start of the project have been confirmed: the respondents’ attitude to distance learning gets back to normal over time, and “hybrid” or mixed form of education begins to be perceived as a norm. However, these processes continue to take place in contrast to the stagnant problems in higher education. The overlapping of problems that have arisen due to the complexity of the higher education administration reform at its different stages creates a diversity of risks and opportunities in the process of digital transformation. The authors of this work would like not only to describe the current situation and the objective difficulties accompanying any changes, but present a map of the “bottlenecks” of modern distance learning, the “anxious moods” of certain social groups within the teaching community. The attention focused on these groups can relieve the stress of the transition to distance learning. |
| Keywords: | social research methodology, distance learning, higher education, social research, non-random sampling, administrative surveys, university teachers, digital transformation, pandemic |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w2022010&r=cis |
| By: | McMullen, David (Simply Marxism) |
| Abstract: | The economic malaise in the Soviet Union was mainly due to the absence of communism rather than inherent flaws in central economic planning. The literature on the regime during its final decades mostly dwelt on the behavioral failings of the three main layers of society. These layers were (1) the reactionary, oppressive and self-serving political leadership aided by an obliging bureaucracy, (2) a bonus-seeking management stratum and (3) a completely alienated, disengaged and non-revolutionary working class. The fact that the country arrived at such a sorry state is due in large part to its backward, pre-capitalist starting point. |
| Date: | 2023–02–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:pszrx&r=cis |
| By: | Jihane Ktite (UM5R - Université Mohammed V de Rabat); Meryem El Alaoui Amine (UM5R - Université Mohammed V de Rabat) |
| Abstract: | Faced with the succession of changes and their multidimensional repercussions ( in this instance the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, etc.), the Supply Chain is now obliged to strengthen its resilience through its ability to act quickly and its capacity to adapt to unforeseen and unpredictable disruptions, while taking into account the economic, environmental and social concerns of sustainable development, in order to maintain its performance, and thus acquire a competitive advantage. In this context, a systematic review was developed to examine the available literature on the subject, in order to answer the main research question, formulated as follows: how to strengthen the resilience of the supply chain in the face of unforeseen events while continuing to integrate sustainable development considerations? Based on the PRISMA guidelines, 97 articles, out of 782 initially identified, were selected, analyzed (descriptive and bibliometric analysis) and synthesized. The main results indicate that the integration of sustainability considerations requires a disruptionresilient supply chain as a precondition, and that a sustainable supply chain can contribute to strengthening its resilience; thus, their achievement allows to gain a competitive advantage. Their implementation can be done through the implementation of risk management, the integration of Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green paradigms as well as the implementation of digital tools and new technologies. This review also highlights the limitations and mentions possible future research directions. |
| Abstract: | Face à la succession des mutations et leurs répercussions multidimensionnelles (en l'occurrence la pandémie de COVID-19, le conflit ukraino-russie, etc.), la Supply Chain se trouve désormais dans l'obligation de renforcer sa résilience à travers sa capacité à agir rapidement et son aptitude à s'adapter aux perturbations imprévues et imprévisibles, tout en tenant compte des préoccupations économiques, environnementales et sociales du développement durable, afin de maintenir sa performance, ainsi acquérir un avantage concurrentiel. Dans ce contexte, une revue systématique a été développée pour examiner la littérature disponible autour du sujet, afin de répondre à la question de recherche principale, formulée comme ainsi : comment renforcer la résilience de la Supply Chain face aux imprévus tout en continuant à y intégrer les considérations du développement durable ? En se basant sur les guidelines de PRISMA, 97 articles, sur 782 identifiés initialement, ont été sélectionnés, analysés (analyse descriptive et bibliométrique) et synthétisés. Les principaux résultats indiquent que l'intégration des considérations de développement durable requiert une Supply Chain résiliente aux perturbations comme précondition, et qu'une Supply Chain durable peut contribuer à renforcer sa résilience ; ainsi, leur atteinte permet d'acquérir un avantage concurrentiel. Leur implémentation peut se faire à travers la mise en œuvre du management des risques, l'intégration des paradigmes Lean, Agile, Résilient et Green ainsi que la mise en place des outils digitaux et des nouvelles technologies. Cette revue souligne également les limites et mentionne les futures directions de recherche possibles. |
| Date: | 2022–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03914969&r=cis |
| By: | Asshiddik, Faqih |
| Abstract: | Terjadinya resesi di dunia karena adanya kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba seperti wabah covid-19 yang melanda semua dunia, selain itu terjadinya perang antara Rusia-Ukraina yang mengakibatkan berberapa negara sulit mendapatkan pasokan komoditas (pangan dan energi) untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan negara tersebut. |
| Date: | 2023–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xdz6f&r=cis |
| By: | Cooper, Luke |
| Abstract: | An interview with LRT, the Lithuanian public broadcaster |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2023–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:118155&r=cis |