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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Mikhail Freer; Khushboo Surana |
| Abstract: | We present a framework to study household consumption under the assumption of marital stability in the presence of divorce legislation. Using this model, we derive nonparametric conditions that allow us to identify the intrahousehold consumption allocation. We study two integral dimensions of divorce legislation. First, we consider a regime governing divorce itself. The legislation either allows partners to divorce unilaterally at will or requires the mutual consent of both partners to dissolve the marriage. Second, for couples with children, we consider the implications of sole and joint custody arrangements for marital stability. Under sole custody, children reside with the custodian parent, whereas under joint custody, both parents equally share the responsibilities of children after the divorce. We illustrate the importance of these legislative aspects of divorce and marriage in the empirical identification of intrahousehold allocations through an application to household data from Russia. %Russia is an attractive setting for this study: first, it has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, and, second, Russian family laws are straightforward and practiced quite closely. Our results suggest that a model incorporating divorce legislation better fits the data than a benchmark model without divorce legislation, especially for couples with children. Next, we show that ignoring the law-based implications results in notably different estimates of intrahousehold resource shares. For example, we find that a model without divorce legislation significantly underestimates the mother's share of private consumption. Bias in the estimates of intrahousehold allocations can lead to misleading policy implications. We illustrate this by conducting a poverty analysis at the level of individual household members. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2110.10781&r= |
| By: | Kim, Hong-Jin (Soonchunhyang University); Kim, Bora (Dankook University); Park, Jung-Hoo (Seoul National University); Yu, Wonsoo (Seoul National University); Lee, Pyungrae (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) |
| Abstract: | 몽골은 세계 10대 자원 부국으로서 성장잠재력이 높다. 우리나라는 1990년 몽골과 수교한 이후 경제, 정치외교, 문화·인적 교류 분야에 걸쳐 긴밀한 협력 관계를 맺어 왔다. 본 연구는 2020년 한·몽 수교 30주년을 맞이하여 양국 교류협력의 성과와 한계를 냉철하게 평가하고, 새로운 미래협력 비전과 이를 실현할 구체적 실현방안을 각 분야별로 도출함으로써 신북방정책 내실화에 실질적으로 기여할 수 있도록 하였다. Mongolia is one of the world’s top 10 resource-rich countries, with high growth potential based on abundant mineral resources such as copper, gold and coal on its vast land, which is more than seven times the size of the Korean Peninsula. It has received much attention due to its geopolitical importance in Northeast Asia, and is actively promoting cooperation with the United States, Korea, Japan and European countries in addition to Russia and China. It is also expected to play a certain role in promoting peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula as a country of simultaneous diplomatic relations between the two Koreas. However, Mongolia has a population of around 3.3 million and its income level is not high, and thus the small market remains limited in size. As of 2019, Mongolia’s total GDP is about $14 billion, and per capita GDP at just over $4,200. There are also various constraints and difficulties in transportation as a land-locked country. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | New Northern Era; Mongolia; Korea; Cooperation; Economy |
| Date: | 2020–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2020_005&r= |
| By: | Jesper Johnsøn; Lech Marcinkowski; Dawid Sześciło |
| Abstract: | Good governance of public agencies requires the application of a set of regulatory and managerial tools to find the right balance between autonomy of agencies and adequate oversight from portfolio ministries and other actors. This paper provides insights from EU and OECD good practices, with a detailed analysis of EU acquis requirements for national regulatory agencies. New empirical evidence shows that public administrations in the Western Balkans and European Neighbourhood area lack clear policies and regulations for agency governance and misinterpret the EU acquis. This leads to a proliferation of agencies, duplication of functions and waste of public resources, a lack of accountability to portfolio ministries and generally a governance vacuum. Implementation of government policy is blocked and democratic accountability generally undermined. Finally, recommendations for better organisation of public administration are provided, based on the empirical analysis and lessons learned from SIGMA's engagement in such reforms. |
| Keywords: | accountability, agency governance, Armenia, autonomy, Georgia, Moldova, public administration reform, regulators, Ukraine, Western Balkans |
| Date: | 2021–10–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaac:63-en&r= |
| By: | Vasily Astrov (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Alexandra Bykova (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Rumen Dobrinsky (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Selena Duraković; Richard Grieveson (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Doris Hanzl-Weiss (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Gabor Hunya (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Branimir Jovanović (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Niko Korpar (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Sebastian Leitner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Isilda Mara (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Olga Pindyuk (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Leon Podkaminer (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Sandor Richter (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Bernd Christoph Ströhm; Maryna Tverdostup (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | The economic recovery in CESEE has strengthened further in recent months, resulting in a number of additional upgrades to our growth forecasts for 2021, to 5.4% on the regional average. This good performance has been built on two important foundation stones the adaptation of the CESEE economies to the pandemic and the increasing reluctance of their governments to impose restrictions. Labour markets have recovered, too; labour shortages have been on the rise, albeit, paradoxically, underemployment is still an issue. Despite the recent rise in inflation, driven mostly by supply-side disruptions and energy prices, there have been so far few signs of overheating in the region. The pace of recovery is projected to slow to 3.7% next year and 3.5% in 2023. The risks to this forecast are mostly on the downside, and include particularly unfavourable COVID-19 developments, premature fiscal consolidation, and the upcoming monetary tapering in the US. |
| Keywords: | CESEE, economic forecast, Central and Eastern Europe, Western Balkans, EU, euro area, CIS, Turkey, US, convergence, business cycle, coronavirus, coronavirus restrictions, coronavirus vaccination, Recovery and Resilience Facility, private consumption, credit, investment, exports, labour markets, unemployment, short-time work schemes, monetary policy, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | E20 E21 E22 E24 E32 E5 E62 F21 F31 H60 I18 J20 J30 O47 O52 O57 P24 P27 P33 P52 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:fpaper:fc:autumn2021&r= |
| By: | Ikeme, Sionegael; Han, Doo Bong |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:313989&r= |
| By: | Česnuitytė, Vida; Dromantienė, Leta; Bernotas, Dainius; Banytė, Jūratė; Vitkauskaitė, Elena; Vaičiukynaitė, Eglė |
| Abstract: | The sharing economy is a new and underdeveloped phenomenon in Lithuania, starting from the definition of the concept in a state’s legal framework and scarce statistics. The aim of the paper is to describe the trends of the digitally supported sharing economy in Lithuania. Available national and international information and data were analysed. It was shown that the most popular services in Lithuania there is the transport sector, in the second place there is the accommodation sector, in the third—food-related services. The reasons why Lithuanians offer services via collaborative platforms mostly concern additional sources of income and flexible working hours. Over two-thirds of the habitants express their positive attitudes towards sharing economy and collaborative platforms, and over ninety per cent would recommend other services offered via collaborative platforms. Though 97% of the Lithuanians have never offered the services via sharing economy and collaborative platforms, and it is mostly because of no item or interest, and two-fifths do not know at all those collaborative platforms are. The development of the sharing economy in Lithuania as far is gaining speed, and in the future, the principles of these phenomena are going to be used in an even broader scope of the sectors. |
| Keywords: | Accommodation Sharing; B2C Sharing; Car-Sharing; Collaborative Economy; Lithuania; P2P Sharing Platform; Sharing Economy; Sharing of Things |
| JEL: | L86 L91 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110237&r= |
| By: | Mher Sahakyan (China-Eurasia Council for Political and Strategic Research) |
| Date: | 2021–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03354179&r= |