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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Pakhomov, Alexander (Пахомов, Александр) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Bagdasaryan, Knyaz (Багдасарян, Княз) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the main problems of the functioning of the multilateral trading system (MTS) at the present stage. This is caused by a complex of reasons - the changing balance of power and interests of world powers in the last decade, trade conflicts and sanctions, systemic problems of the WTO, the regionalization of the world economy and the emergence of integration mega-blocks. These problems were exacerbated by the pandemic and the subsequent global crisis. The article analyzes the prospects, and risks of trade and economic relations between the Russian Federation and various groups of countries near and far abroad, as well as groups of the world in the new conditions. The authors give an assessment of the existing problems and directions of MTS reform, which requires the interaction of all interested parties. The possibilities and limitations of Russia's effective participation in these processes are being studied. |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:p250321&r=all |
| By: | Sterligov, Ivan |
| Abstract: | This paper (in Russian) deals with the topic of excessive growth of conference papers of Russian authors in Scopus and Web of Science databases. We present international comparisons of publication, citation and internationalization trends for conference papers for 50 countries to show anomalous growth for Russia in recent years. We proceed to sectoral analysis to show that the universities are mostly affected, not the Russian academy of sciences, and hypothesize that such behavior stems from increased government evaluation pressure and simplistic bibliometrics usage, which conforms to the trend observed in other countries. The paper also includes a brief review of the market for organizing local conferences and indexing them in the Web of Science and Scopus via major international publishers, and the notion of virtual (pre-epidemic) predatory conferences. We conclude with several policy recommendations. |
| Date: | 2021–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hgb82&r=all |
| By: | Korchmina, Elena; Kiselev, Mikhail |
| Abstract: | Luxury has always been an intrinsic part of world history, but the words ‘luxe’/’luxury’ in the conventional sense are quite new, entering the French and English languages only in the 17th century. It was only at the end of the 17th century that the core of this phenomenon came up for discussion in Europe against a backdrop of development of international trade and incipient economic growth. During these debates, the concept of luxury was gradually demoralized by economic liberalism. A seminal role in the defining of the concept of luxury was played by translations. European thinkers coordinated their positions even if they disagreed with each other. How was the notion of luxury conceptualized outside the European Roman world? Russia is an interesting example that helps to understand it. The article answers when and why the concept of luxury entered Russian political thought and why although the luxury, finding itself outside the bounds of morality, continued to be only condemned in the economic sphere. |
| Date: | 2021–03–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fbvwk&r=all |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University) |
| Abstract: | Formation of the uniform case law is the main task of strengthening the judiciary, increasing its efficiency in the countries all over the world. Conflicting application of legal norms contributes to the deformation of the structural unity of case law in the application of national law, its compliance with supranational. To overcome such deformation the Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was adopted in 2013, which expanded competence of the European Court of Human Rights to provide advisory opinions, which will further strengthen cooperation between the Court and national authorities and thus support execution of the Convention in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. According to the Protocol No.16, the Highest Courts of a High Contracting Party shall have the right to request the European Court to give advisory opinions on the questions of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention or the protocols thereto, and procedure for consideration of such requests by the European Court is determined. Ratification of the Protocol No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the Law of Ukraine "On Ratification of the Protocols No.15 and No.16 to the Convention for the Protection of Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" of October 5, 2017 No.2156-VIII promotes further improvement of procedural legislation of Ukraine. In this context, we call your attention to that Article 36 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" provides that the Supreme Court is the highest court in the judicial system of Ukraine, which ensures the stability and unity of judicial practice in the manner prescribed by procedural law. At the same time, the second part of Article 36 of the above Law contains a non-exhaustive list of powers of the Supreme Court, however provided that its other powers should be determined by law. In view of this, we believe that the relevant powers of the Supreme Court should be captured in the procedural legislation of Ukraine, which are currently missing therein. In other words, ratification of the Protocol No.16 requires amendments to the current legislation of Ukraine. Taking into account the requirements of part seven of Article 9 of the Law of Ukraine "On International Treaties of Ukraine", the draft law on ratification must be submitted to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine together with the relevant draft amendments to current laws of Ukraine and must be approved simultaneously. Unfortunately, the relevant procedure was not followed, which creates systemic obstacles to the application of this procedural institution. |
| Keywords: | Echr,Civil procedure code,Procedure law,Human rights european right,Human rights law,protocol №16 |
| Date: | 2020–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02951726&r=all |
| By: | Polterovich, Victor |
| Abstract: | We introduce the concept of collaborative hierarchy, a mechanism of collaboration which combines hierarchical and peer-to-peer interactions. In a collaborative hierarchy, a set of participants informatively "subordinate" to the same coordinator forms a peer-to-peer network producing consensual decisions. The advantages of such mechanisms over peer-to-peer mechanisms are noted. The problem of stability of collaborative hierarchies is investigated. Stability in this case means that they are protected from turning into power hierarchies based on violence. Stability requires high levels of human capital and civic culture. Stability is achieved through a number of formal organizational principles, such as selection of coordinators by level of collaborativity and regular turnover of coordinators. Of particular importance for stability is the requirement of reaching consensus. It is demonstrated that a number of Western countries are trying to overcome the crisis of the welfare state by introducing economic reforms providing for the formation of collaborative hierarchies. Our analysis shows that the formation of governance hierarchies is compatible with the tendency to crowding out mechanisms of competition and power by mechanisms of collaboration, demonstrated by the philosophy of collaboration. The significance of the findings for Russia is discussed. |
| Keywords: | coordination mechanism, collaborative governance, hierarchy, collaboration, consensus, multiorgraph. |
| JEL: | D70 D73 D85 H11 |
| Date: | 2021–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106944&r=all |
| By: | Akcay, Ümit; Hein, Eckhard; Jungmann, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | In recent years, diverging demand and growth regimes have received greater scholarly attention. In particular, the intersection between different variants of Comparative Political Economy and the post-Keynesian macroeconomic analysis provides a promising avenue for understanding the main dynamics of various growth regimes. Yet, the majority of these studies has focused on the global North. In this contribution, we expand this analysis to the global South by examining eight large emerging capitalist economies (ECEs) - Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Turkey - during the periods 2000-2008 and 2009-2019. In so doing, we not only uncover the main demand and growth regimes of ECEs for the two periods, but also link these results to the main trends in the demand and growth regimes of developed capitalist economies (DCEs) for both periods. One of the main findings of our research is that ECEs did not follow the same path as DCEs after the Great Recession. While there was a clear shift in the demand and growth regimes of DCEs towards an export orientation, the main pattern in the ECEs remained the continuation of a trend that had already emerged before the 2007-09 crisis, i.e. domestic demand-led models. Finally, we provide some observations on the puzzle of resilient domestic demand-led models in ECEs. |
| Keywords: | demand and growth regime,financialisation,emerging capitalist countries,post-Keynesian economics,Argentina,Brazil,China,India,Mexico,Russia,South Africa,Turkey |
| JEL: | E11 E12 E65 F65 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:1582021&r=all |
| By: | Bruno Thiago Tomio (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores empirically the relationship among speculative financial futures (carry trade), nominal exchange rates, and interest rates differentials in developing and developed countries, during the periods of quantitative easing, tapering and quantitative tightening based on the changes of policy interest rates in the United States (US). The public data supplied by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission Large Trader Reporting Data is taken as a proxy for foreign exchange carry trade. With a time-series model for each country, we estimate the Granger causality using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models as proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We investigate three developing countries (Brazil, Mexico, and Russia) and seven developed countries (Australia, Canada, Euro area countries, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Our findings give support to a better understanding of the relationship between foreign exchange activity and monetary policy. |
| Keywords: | carry trade,foreign exchange market,interest rate differentials,Toda–Yamamoto causality |
| Date: | 2019–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03131073&r=all |
| By: | Michael Ryan |
| Abstract: | Global efforts to combat the risks posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) depend on effective implementation of national action plans. Most countries have taken a One Health approach in developing their national action plans covering human health, animal health and the environment. Evidence on the implementation of these plans in livestock agriculture across six OECD countries, as well as in Brazil, the People’s Republic of China, and the Russian Federation, highlights the need for greater co-ordination and coherence amongst stakeholders in implementing workable solutions. This includes developing integrated surveillance and monitoring systems, improving regulations on the availability of antibiotics, and improving on-farm biosecurity practices. Additional efforts to enhance public awareness, to improve education and training, and to explore alternative interventions and innovations to antimicrobials in animal health and animal welfare could also improve outcomes in this area. The lack of long-term funding continues to hinder the implementation of national action plans on AMR. |
| Keywords: | Biosecurity, Critically important antibiotics, Disease prevention, One Health |
| JEL: | Q13 |
| Date: | 2021–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:153-en&r=all |