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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Tatiana Kozitsina (Babkina); Anna Mikhaylova; Anna Komkova; Anastasia Peshkovskaya; Anna Sedush; Olga Menshikova; Mikhail Myagkov; Ivan Menshikov |
| Abstract: | Individuals' behavior in economic decisions depends on such factors as ethnicity, gender, social environment, personal traits. However, the distinctive features of decision making have not been studied properly so far between indigenous populations from different ethnicities in a modern and multinational state like the Russian Federation. Addressing this issue, we conducted a series of experiments between the Russians in Moscow (the capital of Russia) and the Yakuts in Yakutsk (the capital of Russian region with the mostly non-Russian residents). We investigated the effect of socialization on participants' strategies in the Prisoner's Dilemma game, Ultimatum game, and Trust game. At the baseline stage, before socialization, the rates of cooperation, egalitarianism, and trust for the Yakuts are higher than for the Russians in groups composed of unfamiliar people. After socialization, for the Russians all these indicators increase considerably; whereas, for the Yakuts only the rate of cooperation demonstrates a rising trend. The Yakuts are characterized by relatively unchanged indicators regardless of the socialization stage. Furthermore, the Yakutsk females have higher rates of cooperation and trust than the Yakuts males before socialization. After socialization, we observed the alignment in indicators for males and females both for the Russians and for the Yakuts. Hence, we concluded that cultural differences can exist inside one country despite the equal economic, politic, and social conditions. |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2012.01272&r=all |
| By: | Ержан Ислам // Islam Erzhan (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Байкулаков Шалкар // Baikulakov Shalkar (National Bank of Kazakhstan) |
| Abstract: | Целью данного исследования является оценка долгосрочного и краткосрочного воздействия кредитования экономики на инфляционные процессы в Казахстане с помощью эконометрических подходов–векторной модели коррекции остатков(VECM)и векторной модели авторегрессии(VAR). В рамках исследования проводится выявление значимого влияния со стороны кредитного рынка на формирование потребительских цен на отдельные товарные группы в Казахстане. // This study is an attempt to assess the long-term and short-term influence of bank lending on inflationary processes in Kazakhstan using econometric approaches - the vector error correction model (VECM) and the vector autoregression model(VAR). The aim of the study is to identify the significant influence of the credit market on the formation of consumer prices and prices for individual product groups in Kazakhstan. |
| Keywords: | credits, consumer credits, vector error correction model(VECM), vector autoregression model(VAR), impulse responses, consumer price index, inflation of selected goods, кредиты, потребительские кредиты, векторная модель коррекции остатков (VECM), векторная модель авторегрессии (VAR), импульсные отклики, индекс потребительских цен, инфляция отдельных товаров |
| JEL: | C31 E37 E51 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aob:wpaper:2&r=all |
| By: | Gorokhova, Tat’ayna; Pushkareva, Lyudmila; Pushkarev, Mikhail |
| Abstract: | Modern transformations in the economic life of society impose requirements on the reassessment of existing economic trends from the standpoint of the country’s economic security. In many regions of the country, the situation on the food market is far from ideal. A significant part of the food industry is controlled by transnational corporations, and modern own agricultural production does not cover the needs of the population for significant food products. This article reveals the development trends of the domestic food market. Particular attention is paid to the development of grain farming and the formation of the bread market. |
| Keywords: | product market; economic life; transformations. |
| JEL: | O1 |
| Date: | 2020–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102113&r=all |
| By: | Hao Jin (Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE) and School of Economics, Xiamen University); Chen Xiong (Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics (WISE) and School of Economics, Xiamen University) |
| Abstract: | We documented that for some oil-exporting countries, the correlation between exchange rates and oil prices is strongly negative during periods of significant oil price drop but is much weaker during other periods. To interpret this time-varying asymmetric correlation, we develop and estimate a Markov-switching small open economy New Keynesian model with oil income as a source of government revenue. In particular, we allow monetary and fiscal policy coefficients to switch across "active" and "passive" regimes. Using data on Russia, our result shows that the policy combinations fluctuate. We find that active monetary policy isolates the exchange rate from oil price variations but changes to passively tolerate depreciation and inflation to support government debt when oil price drops place fiscal policy in a state of stress. Counterfactual policy experiments suggest policy regime switching is crucial to account for the observed asymmetric impact of oil prices on the exchange rate and that the trans-mission channels of oil price shocks differ significantly across policy regimes. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal Policy; Monetary Policy; Exchange Rate; Oil Price |
| JEL: | E63 F41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inu:caeprp:2020006&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Tax policy in Ukraine is engaged in two fronts at once. On one front, very significant work has been done over the years on the gradual improvement and updating of the tax system; on the other, it questions essential tenets of the existing system, exploring fundamental changes to it. While serious efforts have been devoted, for example, to the modernization of the international aspects of the income tax, upgrading the regime to OECD standards, there is a strong push from some quarters of the policy debate to do away with the Corporate Profit Tax (CPT) altogether. The central idea is to replace it with a Distributed Profit Tax (DPT), generally referred to in Ukraine as the Exit Capital Tax (ECT). In essence, this system would not tax profits as they accrue to the corporation, deferring the tax to when the corporation distributes dividends to the shareholder. |
| Date: | 2020–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2020/302&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy - Energy and Natural Resources Environment - Environmental Protection Environment - Forests and Forestry Environment - Natural Resources Management Environment - Sustainable Land Management |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34097&r=all |