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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Istvan Feher (Szent István University); Andrew Fieldsend (Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Budapest) |
| Abstract: | Together with Russia and Ukraine, Kazakhstan is considered as a ‘future main player’ in world grain supply. Many observers have indeed argued that Central Asia, and especially Kazakhstan, has the potential to enhance local, regional and global food security by expanding grain production and exports. This study provides an overview of the Kazakh farming sector; agricultural policies; wheat production, processing, and logistics, environmental resources and challenges; and on domestic consumption, exports and prices of wheat. Based on this information, it is concluded that Kazakhstan has a great potential for expanding its wheat production and exports in the future and it could play a non-negligible role in fulfilling local, but especially regional, food security. By compensating for the export fluctuations of other major players, it could have an important stabilizing role on the world market for wheat and thereby contribute to global food security. Nevertheless, this positive view on the future of Kazakh wheat production is highly conditional on several factors. Projections on the role of climate change are uncertain, but may lead to considerable yield losses. In addition, investments in infrastructure and machinery will be essential to unlock the wheat potential of the country and to compensate for the potential consequences of climate change, water scarcity and soil degradation. |
| Keywords: | Kazakhstan, wheat, food security |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc113009&r=all |
| By: | Balandina, Galina (Баландина, Галина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with some issues of using in the Russian Federation Customs procedures with economic content in comparison with other countries. In particular, situation in Russia with using Inward Processing and other Customs procedures with economic content is critically evaluated, examples from the international practice are cited. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042004&r=all |
| By: | Klimanov, Vladimir (Климанов, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kazakova, Sofia (Казакова, Софья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Mikhailova, Anna (Михайлова, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Yagovkina, Vita (Яговкина, Вита) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The papers determines the role of state financial control in the socio-economic development of the state, as well as identifies the main directions of the transformation of this institution at the present stage; identifies the main problems of the functioning of the system of bodies of state financial control and ways to solve them; analyzes of the practice of organizing the functioning of state audit bodies in countries of the world, and gives recommendations for the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. Directions for improving the activities of state financial control bodies in the Russian Federation have been worked out. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:032046&r=all |
| By: | Larionova, Marina (Ларионова, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shelepov, Andrey (Шелепов, Андрей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Sakharov, Andrey (Сахаров, Андрей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a comparative analysis of the initiatives and positions of the members of the BRICS and the “Group of Seven” within the framework of the “Group of Twenty”, as well as the decisions of the “Twenty” on issues historically central to the agenda. The analysis showed that, despite the presence of contradictions within the alliances and common interests between the BRICS members and some members of the G7 on a number of issues, the replacement of existing ad hoc clubs by groups of developed and developing countries does not occur. At the same time, members of the Seven more successfully used coordination within their club to resolve internal contradictions and develop a common position for joint promotion in the G20. Accordingly, strengthening the BRICS partnership, increasing the effectiveness of its own cooperation mechanisms, strengthening coordination in the G20, developing cooperation with international institutions and enhancing interaction within the existing multilateral institutions (IMF, WB, multilateral development banks) are necessary to achieve the key goal - the goals of the Five are the formation of a more democratic and just multipolar world order. Based on the analysis, recommendations were formulated to strengthen the mechanisms of interaction and promote the interests of the Russian Federation within the framework of informal global governance institutions for the chairmanship of the BRICS in 2020. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042009&r=all |
| By: | Larionova, Marina (Ларионова, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ignatov, Alexander (Игнатов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Popova, Irina (Попова, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the G20 and BRICS members’ compliance with the collective decisions made in the priority areas of cooperation to provide data for Russia's participation in the G20 and BRICS and to give recommendations for Russia's chairmanship in BRICS in 2020. For the G20 summit in 2018 the overall compliance score reached 77.6%. High level of performance was achieved for the Paris Agreement and WTO reform decisions, lowest scores – for commitments in new and more specific areas of big data management and FinTech, and also for the IMF reform. For the BRICS summit in Johannesburg, average compliance score is 85%. Cooperation within the G20 and BRICS ensures Russia’s participation in agenda-setting, policy-shaping and decision-making on the most important global governance issues. The members’ compliance with the commitments made at the summits is an effective tool for promoting national interests in key areas of international cooperation. Moreover, the implementation of collective decisions contributes to creating favorable conditions for attaining Russia’s national priorities in socio-economic development. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042008&r=all |
| By: | Levashenko, Antonina (Левашенко, Антонина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ermokhin, Ivan (Ермохин, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The The results of reforms in the health sector are controversial. On the one hand, the optimization of the budget network did not lead to a decrease in the volume of services provided. Our assessment of the relative effectiveness of health care organizations in the regions in the period 2012-2016 confirms the positive impact on the efficiency of the health care system of the transition to single-channel financing. On the other hand, the intensification of the work of medical institutions was accompanied by a deterioration in a number of indicators of its effectiveness. In general, these reforms did not lead to the solution of the core problems of the healthcare sector - chronic underfunding and a high degree of inter-territorial inequality in the financing of healthcare facilities and the provision of medical care. This paper offers recommendations on improving the federal legislation on the organization of the budget network and assessment of the quality of public services, and on possible areas of restructuring and optimization of the budget network. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042003&r=all |
| By: | Rey, Alexey (Рэй, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shagarov, Dmitriy (Шагаров, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Andronova, Ekaterina (Андронова, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Molchanova, Glafira (Молчанова, Глафира) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | In public procurement in the markets, situations often arise when participants, instead of competing with each other for government contracts, distribute shares in the public procurement market and overestimate the price level above the competitive one. In this paper, it is proposed to use the methods of econometrics, mathematical statistics and machine learning to predict the likelihood that a purchase involving these counterparties on the supplier side and other candidates to win the competition will be the subject of a successful complaint to the FAS in terms of a cartel agreement between suppliers. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:032048&r=all |
| By: | Aliev, Timur (Алиев, Тимур) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ismagilova, Olga (Исмагилова, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kudakaeva, Karine (Кудакаева, Каринэ) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The year 2020 is approaching, which is the deadline for achieving the fundamental task of APEC - the Bogor goal of full liberalization of trade and investment by the economies of the Asia-Pacific region. In this regard the paper presents an analysis of the main results of the forum in key areas, including an assessment of the successes and challenges of Russian participation. Based on the results of the work, a list of areas, most important to promote Russian interests in APEC after 2020, has been developed. Recommendations have also been prepared containing specific proposals that the Russian Federation may submit for discussion in order to improve the forum's efficiency. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042006&r=all |
| By: | Barinova, Vera (Баринова, Вера) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Zemtsov, Stepan (Земцов, Степан) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tsareva, Yulia (Царева, Юлия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The long history of support for small and medium enterprises in Russia has not yet led to the active development of entrepreneurship, so the current principles of support require adjustment. The main goal of this work was to analyze and summarize the relevant theoretical and empirical studies on the ecosystem approach in supporting small and medium enterprises. The necessity of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises is substantiated, the prerequisites for the implementation of such support at different levels are examined, criticism of traditional approaches to supporting SMEs is presented, and the rationale for applying the ecosystem approach to stimulating entrepreneurship is analyzed. Among empirical studies of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises, the authors separately considered the massive support for SMEs, support for technology companies and fast-growing firms, as well as regional support for SMEs with elements of an ecosystem approach |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:032047&r=all |
| By: | Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Uzun, Vasiliy (Узун, Василий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Gataulina, Ekaterina (Гатаулина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shishkina, Ekaterina (Шишкина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper discusses the theoretical foundations of the formation of agricultural holdings; definitions of an agricultural holding structure, an agricultural holding and an agri-food holding are formulated; describes the technique developed by the authors for the allocation of agricultural holdings; gives the classification of agricultural holding formations in agriculture, the degree of concentration of resources and the efficiency of their use in agricultural holding and independent agricultural organizations are analyzed; estimates the significance of this form of business organization for rural development. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042011&r=all |
| By: | Sokolov, Ilya(Соколов, Илья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Zolotareva, Anna (Золотарева, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Trunin, Pavel (Трунин, Павел) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kireeva, Anastasia (Киреева, Анастасия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Belev, Sergey (Белев, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tischenko, Tatiana (Тищенко, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Khuzina, Alfia (Хузина, Альфия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Komarnitskaya, Anna (Комарницкая, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shatalov, Stanislav (Шаталов, Станислав) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The The results of reforms in the health sector are controversial. On the one hand, the optimization of the budget network did not lead to a decrease in the volume of services provided. Our assessment of the relative effectiveness of health care organizations in the regions in the period 2012-2016 confirms the positive impact on the efficiency of the health care system of the transition to single-channel financing. On the other hand, the intensification of the work of medical institutions was accompanied by a deterioration in a number of indicators of its effectiveness. In general, these reforms did not lead to the solution of the core problems of the healthcare sector - chronic underfunding and a high degree of inter-territorial inequality in the financing of healthcare facilities and the provision of medical care. This paper offers recommendations on improving the federal legislation on the organization of the budget network and assessment of the quality of public services, and on possible areas of restructuring and optimization of the budget network. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042002&r=all |
| By: | Kiyutsevskaya, Anna (Киюцевская, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Trunin, Pavel (Трунин, Павел) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Dzhaokhadze, Elena (Джаохадзе, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Gadiy, Lyudmila (Гадий, Людмила) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chembulatova, Maria (Чембулатова, Мария) (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | After the global financial crisis, financial stability became an additional goal of monetary authorities. The complexity of implementation of this goal stems not only from the absence of a generally accepted definition of financial stability, but also from the lack of its quantitative indicators. Moreover, there is no consensus about the link between the main central bank goal of ensuring price stability and financial stability. Our estimates of the link betweeen the Bank of Russia's goals of price and financial stability sgow that contradictions between these goals arise only in adverse conditions (crisis periods). This allows the Bank of Russia to use its interest rate policy to maintain the stability of the financial market. |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:032043&r=all |
| By: | Stephany, Fabian |
| Abstract: | User data fuel the digital economy, while individual privacy is at stake. Governments react differently to this challenge. Estonia, a small Baltic state, has become a role model for the renewal of the social contract in times of big data. While e-governance usage has been growing in many parts of Europe during the last ten years, some regions are lagging behind. The Estonian example suggests that online governance is most accepted in a small state, with a young population, trustworthy institutions and the need of technological renewal. This work examines the development of e-governance usage (citizens interacting digitally with the government) during the last decade in Europe from a comprehensive cross-country perspective: Size, age and trust are relevant for the usage of digital government services in Europe. However, the quality of past communication infrastructure is not related to e-governance popularity. |
| Date: | 2020–05–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cqfhr&r=all |
| By: | Zilvinas Martinaitis (Visionary Analytics); Eskarne Arregui-Pabollet (European Commission - JRC); Lina Stanionyte (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This technical report presents the findings of the case study carried out in Lithuania on the role of Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the design and implementation of the Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3). It is one of the case studies undertaken in the project Higher Education for Smart Specialisation (HESS), an initiative of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture. The research shows that the Smart Specialisation Strategy in Lithuania has constituted an important framework to coordinate research and innovation policies and investments with a significant improvement from past experiences, creating a space for a participatory process of innovation stakeholders. The higher education institutions are actively participating in the S3 process, with a good correlation of the S3 selected priority areas and the higher education research capacities, but with no significant changes in the internal decision-making. The higher education system presents an unbalanced funding model, with most incomes devoted to education activities rather than research and innovation. The research and innovation system of Lithuania is highly dependent on European Structural and Investment Funds, as national funding is comparatively very small, creating specific challenges in the implementation of the Smart Specialisation concept. Too narrowly defined priority areas can create a lock down effect in terms of broad support to innovation with limited funding sources to counterbalance. There is a growing demand of the productive sector of skilled students in engineering/STEM fields. This has increased demands of discussion spaces between public authorities, business and higher education to re-balance the attraction of students from social sciences to STEM studies, as well as a stronger policy to attract international talent. A long-term agreement between the Government and HEIs regarding the future HE educational offer, research priorities and resources could strengthen the contribution of higher education to S3, building on the experience of this case study and bringing forward its recommendations. |
| Keywords: | Smart specialisation strategies, higher education institutions, universities, territorial development, human capital, skills, innovation and growth, entrepreneurship |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc120527&r=all |
| By: | Pronkina, Elizaveta; Perez Izquierdo, Telmo Juan |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how living under the USSR affected the life decisions of East European individuals. We use the retrospective SHARELIFE data to analyze respondents' choices from 1950 to 1990. In particular, we compare the reported choices of individuals in Lithuania (former-USSR) and Poland (former-Soviet Bloc), exploiting the common history of both countries until the end of the Second World War. We find that Lithuanian women increased educational attainments and accumulated 2 plus years of working experience by age 50 relative to Polish women. Moreover, we describe the indirect effect that improved working opportunities have on female education. We can identify this effect by looking at differential outcomes for men and women in the two countries. Similar findings hold once we compare all Baltic countries (former-USSR) toall Soviet Bloc countries and East to West Germany. Finally, we also observe a higher number of marriages during life and selective abortion based on the future child's gender under the USSR. These findings suggest that policies implemented in Socialist countries varied, and regimes affected individuals differently. |
| Keywords: | Female Employment; Education; Central And Eastern Europe; Socialism; USSR |
| JEL: | P36 J24 J21 J16 J13 N34 I2 |
| Date: | 2020–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:30663&r=all |
| By: | Volovik, Nadezhda (Воловик, Надежда) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Based on a detailed study of the regulatory framework of Mercosur, as well as working documents of its bodies, an analysis of key aspects of the development of the Mercosur integration model is carried out, the main integration principles and their dynamics are identified. An analysis of the applied instruments of trade policy was carried out, which allowed to assess the degree of liberalization of foreign trade, unification of legislation in the field of customs and foreign trade policy between the countries of this regional association and their partners under the concluded Agreements on free trade zones. |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:042001&r=all |
| By: | Naomi Friedman-Sokuler (Bar-Ilan University [Israël]); Claudia Senik (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 led to a massive migration wave from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel. We document the persistence and transmission of the Soviet unconventional gender norms, both vertically across generations of immigrants, and horizontally through neighborhood and school peer effects. Tracking the educational and occupational choices of a cohort of young Israeli women, we identify the persistence of two important features of the Soviet culture: the prioritization of science and technology, and the strong female attachment to paid-work. Women born in the FSU, who immigrated in infancy, are significantly more likely than natives and other immigrants to major in STEM in high school. In tertiary education, they remain over-represented in STEM, but also differ significantly from other women by their specific avoidance of study fields leading to "pink collar" jobs, such as education and social work. They also display a specific choice of work-life balance reflecting a greater commitment to paid-work. Finally, the choice patterns of native women shift towards STEM and away from traditional female study fields as the share of FSU immigrants in their lower-secondary school increases. |
| Keywords: | culture,gender norms,education,STEM,occupational choice,immigration,Soviet Union,Israel |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-02872229&r=all |
| By: | Karolis Bielskis (Bank of Lithuania, Vilnius University); Andrius Ciginas (Vilnius University) |
| Abstract: | This paper reports new data on the household balance sheet and the consumption situation in Lithuania. It uses a unique Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) dataset, which collects detailed information about different asset classes and outlines the composition of the household balance sheet in Lithuania. At 93.2%, the homeownership rate in Lithuania is the highest in Europe. Real assets correspond to the highest share of households’ wealth and generate a median net wealth of 46 000 €. Lithuanian households participate poorly in financial assets, with only deposits and individual insurance/pensions generating more significant aggregate values. Household participation in debt markets is also limited in Lithuania, with only 11.7% of households having some mortgage-based liabilities. Lithuanian households spend a significant share of their income on food and utilities. This share is among the highest in Europe. A large number of Lithuanian households can be characterized as "hand-to-mouth" households, as they own a significant amount of wealth in illiquid real estate and very little wealth in liquid financial assets. |
| Keywords: | household balance sheet, net wealth, household survey, HFCS |
| JEL: | D1 D3 |
| Date: | 2020–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lie:dpaper:19&r=all |
| By: | Dower, Castaneda; Markevich, Andrei |
| Abstract: | Scholars have long-debated the causes of the Russian Revolution. We systematically investigate the role of key factors in these debates by exploiting cross-district variation in Bolsheviks' popular support in 1917. We analyze voting outcomes of the Constituent Assembly elections, which occurred right after the Bolsheviks seized power. We find that the Bolsheviks mobilized greater support in districts with a larger share of industrial workers, a greater presence of historically private land, which the Bolsheviks redistributed to peasants, and in districts with garrisons and military hospitals. We also provide evidence that the underpinnings of this support conflicted with the Bolsheviks' development strategy, forewarning the autocratic command economy to come. |
| Keywords: | Communism; elections; Regime Change; Revolution; Russia |
| JEL: | D72 H7 N44 P26 |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14391&r=all |
| By: | Cem Cakmakli (Koç University); Yasin Simsek (Koç University) |
| Abstract: | This paper extends the canonical model of epidemiology, SIRD model, to allow for time varying parameters for real-time measurement of the stance of the COVID-19 pandemic. Time variation in model parameters is captured using the generalized autoregressive score modelling structure designed for the typically daily count data related to pandemic. The resulting specification permits a flexible yet parsimonious model structure with a very low computational cost. This is especially crucial at the onset of the pandemic when the data is scarce and the uncertainty is abundant. Full sample results show that countries including US, Brazil and Russia are still not able to contain the pandemic with the US having the worst performance. Furthermore, Iran and South Korea are likely to experience the second wave of the pandemic. A real-time exercise show that the proposed structure delivers timely and precise information on the current stance of the pandemic ahead of the competitors that use rolling window. This, in turn, transforms into accurate short-term predictions of the active cases. We further modify the model to allow for unreported cases. Results suggest that the effects of the presence of these cases on the estimation results diminish towards the end of sample with the increasing number of testing. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, SIRD, Observation driven models, Score models, Count data, Time varying parameters. |
| JEL: | C13 C32 C51 I19 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koc:wpaper:2013&r=all |