|
on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Желябовская, Кристина Владимировна; |
| Abstract: | В статье рассматривается проблема безработицы в Российской Федерации. Выявляются особенности безработицы в контексте общих социальных процессов, протекающих в российском обществе, а также изучаются основные направления государственной политики занятости населения и ее реализации, комплекса практических мер по сокращению безработицы в РФ. The article deals with the problem of unemployment in the Russian Federation. The features of unemployment in the context of the General social processes taking place in the Russian society are revealed, as well as the main directions of the state employment policy and its implementation, a set of practical measures to reduce unemployment in the Russian Federation. |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pc3kj&r=all |
| By: | Vasiliy A. Anikin (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Yulia P. Lezhnina (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Svetlana V. Mareeva (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Ekaterina D. Slobodenyuk (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the underlying nature of the demand for state support in Russia in the labor market and employment, social investments, and material support. Based on recent findings from social policy studies, the authors tested four different mechanisms: (a) the demographic features of the population, (b) household incomes and disposable assets including human and social capital, (c) interests, and (d) locus of control and cultural attitudes. Drawing on an all-Russian representative monitoring survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2018, the authors argue that the popula-tion’s demand for state support has a very complex nature. The relative effect of income has a para-doxical nature. On the one hand, the Russian data confirm the hypothesis of ‘the altruistic rich’, de-veloped in recent studies, which predicts that, in societies with high inequalities, higher incomes boost the likelihood of demand for redistributive policies. On the other hand, higher incomes foster state escapism among those Russians who do not consider the state as a reliable agent capable of solving their problems |
| Keywords: | social policy, welfare state, statist society, society and state, social investments, employment policy, material support, solidarity, Russia. |
| JEL: | I2 I31 I38 J68 O15 P2 P3 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:24/psp/2019&r=all |
| By: | Pushkareva, Lyudmila; Galochkina, Olga; Bezgacheva, Olga |
| Abstract: | The paper provides an analysis of core issues that appear when Russian commercial banks generate and use their financial resources in terms of sanctions. Authors discuss whether commercial banks are able to meet their needs of investments in the national real economy if they use various forms of recapitalization. The today’s banking system in Russia has a number of features that mainly relate to a structure of the banking sector. Systemic weaknesses, assets concentrated in hands of a few federal banks, and well-marked territorial inequality in distribution of banking institutions are serious challenges in the existing organizational system of banking services. Researchers have revealed that commercial banks in Russia mainly have to make financial resources for account of less urgent liabilities and liquidity risks. |
| Keywords: | banking system, financial resources, recapitalization forms, government control |
| JEL: | G2 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97386&r=all |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University); Farkhad Karagussov (Institute of Private Law Caspian University) |
| Abstract: | In Ukraine, entrepreneurship started forming in the absence of the previous experience of its legal regulation in connection with the long socialist period. The relationship between individuals and organisations that have merged in one corporation needs special regulation, and one of the means by which it became possible to regulate relations on the creation and operation of corporations, is the construction of a legal entity. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to identify the legal form of the activities of legal entities of a corporate type. The analysis of the norms of the current legislation, which contain the term "legal form", shows the ambiguity of its application in the context of different legal norms It is well-known that the content of corporate legal relationships includes not only corporate rights, but also the corresponding corporate responsibilities of company's member. It is established that the current civil law of Ukraine does not provide normative definition of a legal form of legal entities, does not establish the criteria for its formation. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of normative legal acts, the transformation of the legal approach to the definition of the legal nature of corporate rights has been analysed – from the determination of the nature as the nature of absolute substantive law to the definition of it as a symbiosis of property and non-property rights caused by the ownership of a share in the authorised capital of a legal entity of a corporate type. It has been found out that the economic code of Ukraine fixed the main forms within which economic entities (collective-ownership enterprises, economic companies, private enterprises, farming, foreign enterprise, etc.) operated. The classification of legal forms of legal entities, which are grouped according to the relevant criteria, has been carried out. But the criterion for the delineation and classification of a certain range of legal forms of legal entities is the legal regime of property of a legal entity established in one or another legal form. |
| Abstract: | Анотація. Підприємницька діяльність в Україні почала формуватися в умовах відсут-ності попереднього досвіду її правового регулювання у зв'язку із тривалим соціалістич-ним періодом. Відносини між фізичними особами та організаціями, які об'єдналися в одну корпорацію потребують особливого регулювання, і одним із засобів, за допомогою якого стало можливим регулювання відносин щодо створення та діяльності корпорацій, є конструкція юридичної особи. Тому основна мета роботи полягає у виявленні особли-востей організаційно-правової форми діяльності юридичних осіб корпоративного типу. Аналіз норм чинного законодавства, які містять термін «організаційно-правова форма», показує неоднозначність його застосування у контексті різних правових норм Загально-відомо, що до змісту корпоративних правовідносин включаються не лише корпоратив-ні права, але й відповідні корпоративні обов'язки учасника товариства. Встановлено, що чинне цивільне законодавство України не надає нормативного визначення організа-ційно-правової форми юридичних осіб, не встановлює критеріїв її формування. На під-ставі ретроспективного аналізу нормативно-правових актів проаналізовано трансфор-мацію законодавчого підходу до визначення правової природи корпоративних прав-від визнання за ними природи абсолютного речового права до визначення їх як симбіозу майнових і немайнових прав, зумовлених володінням часткою у статутному капіталі юридичної особи корпоративного типу. Виявлено, що господарським кодексом України закріплені основні форми в яких діють суб'єкти господарювання (підприємства колек-тивної власності, господарськи товариства, приватні підприємства, фермерське гос-подарство, іноземне підприємство тощо). В роботі проведена класифікація організа-ційно-правових форм юридичних осіб, які групуються за відповідними критеріями. Але критерієм розмежування та класифікації певного кола організаційно-правових форм юридичних осіб виступає правовий режим майна юридичної особи створеної в той чи іншій організаційно-правовій формі. Ключові слова: корпоративні правовідносини, кооперація, самоорганізація моделей юридичних осіб, акціонерне товариство. |
| Date: | 2019–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02377529&r=all |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University) |
| Abstract: | The adoption of a number of procedural legislative acts of Ukraine established new rules of procedures, the main of which are fair, impartial and timely consideration and resolution of civil cases in order to protect violated, unrecognized or disputed rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities and interests of the state. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to determine the general provisions on succession in the civil law of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, there was used a number of theoretical methods including analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization and comparison. It is established that the term "succession" does not reflect the content of legal processes that occur when changing the subjective composition of civil legal relations and it is methodologically incorrect. Thus, the object of civil legal relations is not only property in conjunction with its relevant rights and obligations, but also property rights as objects of the intangible world. |
| Abstract: | Анотація. Прийняття низки процесуальних законодавчих актів України встановило нові правила процедур, головні з яких-справедливий, неупереджений та своєчасний розгляд і вирішення цивільних справ з метою ефективного захисту порушених, невизнаних або оскаржених прав, свобод чи інтересів фізичних осіб, прав та інтересів юридичних осіб, інтересів держави. Тому основна мета роботи полягає у визначенні загальних положень про правонаступництво в цивільному праві України. Для досягнення поставленої мети було використано ряд теоретичних методів, включаючи аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, конкретизацію, порівняння. Встановлено, що термін «правонаступництво» не відобра-жає змісту правових процесів, які відбуваються при зміні суб'єктивного складу цивільних правовідносин і є методологічно хибним. Таким чином, об'єктом цивільних правовідносин є не тільки майно в сукупності з відповідними йому правами і обов'язками, а й майнові права, як об'єкти нематеріального світу. Ключові слова: правонаступник, націоналізоване підприємство, юридичний обов'язок, правові відносини. Abstract. The adoption of a number of procedural legislative acts of Ukraine established new rules of procedures, the main of which are fair, impartial and timely consideration and resolution of civil cases in order to protect violated, unrecognized or disputed rights, freedoms or interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities and interests of the state. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to determine the general provisions on succession in the civil law of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, there was used a number of theoretical methods including analysis, synthesis , generalization, concretization and comparison. It is established that the term "succession" does not reflect the content of legal processes that occur when changing the subjective composition of civil legal relations and it is methodologically incorrect. Thus, the object of civil legal relations is not only property in conjunction with its relevant rights and obligations, but also property rights as objects of the intangible world. |
| Keywords: | nationalized enterprise,legal relations,legal successor,legal obligation |
| Date: | 2018–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02377762&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Implementing strategic planning and a medium-term budget framework (MTBF) is a core component of Ukraine’s Public Financial Management (PFM) reform strategy. A pilot MTBF conducted in 2017 formed the basis for amendments to the Budget Code in December 2018, which firmly establish a MTBF as the basis for budget preparation. The amendments also establish a legal basis for related reforms, including regular spending reviews and monitoring and managing risks to public finances. |
| Keywords: | Financial soundness indicators;Risk management;Fiscal policy;Budget execution;Budgetary process;ISCR,CR,MTBF,KSU,cmu,budget process,SOEs |
| Date: | 2019–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/360&r=all |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University); Hans Joachim Schramm (Hochschule Wismar, University of Applied Sciences: Technology, Business and Design) |
| Abstract: | The processes of use, distribution, storage of information contribute to the emergence of information relations. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to analyze the legal classification of the types of information about an individual. It has been determined that the social legal state is obliged to ensure the information rights of citizens both to gain access to information and to non-proliferation of certain types of data in order to protect the rights of their owners. The author has formed his own view on the classification of personal data of an individual in the civil law of Ukraine. It is determined that the legal nature of the personal data of an individual is that this personal data is information as a collection of information about certain events, entities, status, etc. This information individualizes the subject of law – an individual who, in turn, fills it with certain content. |
| Abstract: | Процеси використання, поширення, зберігання інформації сприяють виник-ненню інформаційних правовідносин. Тому основна мета роботи полягає у аналізі право-вої класифікації видів інформації про фізичну особу. Встановлено, що соціальна правова держава зобов'язана забезпечити інформаційні права громадян як на отримання досту-пу до інформації, так і стосовно нерозповсюдження певних видів даних для захисту прав їх власників. Автором було сформовано власний погляд на класифікацію персональних даних фізичної особи в цивільному праві України. Виявлено, що правова природа персо-нальних даних фізичної особи полягає в тому, що останні складає інформація-як сукуп-ність відомостей про певні події, явища, стан тощо. Ця інформація індивідуалізує суб'єкта права-фізичну особу, який в свою чергу наповнює її певним змістом. Загально-відомим є той факт що фізична особа як суб'єкт цивільних правовідносин має суспільні і природні ознаки, які впливають на його правовий статус і певним чином індивідуалізують його. До біологічних персональних даних слід віднести відомості про морфофізіологічні, біохімічні і психологічні ознаки особи. Соціальні персональні дані складаються із відо-мостей про сімейний стан, рівень освіти тощо. Запропоновано встановити наступну класифікацію: номінативні персональні данні фізичної особи, якими є прізвище, ім'я, по батькові, дата народження тощо як базисна умова їх класифікації, а також варіатив-ні персональні дані фізичної особи-освіта, сімейний стан, місце проживання тощо, за допомогою яких встановлюється змістовність інформації про особу, досягається мож-ливість чіткішій ідентифікації індивідуума в «правовому полі». Їх мета первісно визна-чити суб'єкта на підставі його загальної характеристики. Варіативні персональні дані можуть накопичуватися або змінюватися під впливом обставин дійсності, наприклад, за минулістю часу. Консолідуючись з номінативними, вони сприяють досягненню мети персоніфікації фізичної особи чим забезпечується обігоздатність інформації про фізич-ну особу. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02377538&r=all |
| By: | Yerkenazym Orynbassarova (Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsouz); Ergaly Abzalbek (Karagandy State University); Tatyana Pritvorova (Karagandy State University); Yelena Petrenko (Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsouz) |
| Abstract: | The article examines the post-industrial services sector in the economy of Kazakhstan, the state and dynamics of which is a characteristic feature of the modern techno-technological structure in the post-industrial countries of the world. The sector includes information and communication, business and professional services. The authors study the regional profile of the post-industrial services in Kazakhstan and identify the level of centralization of these types of activities in the regions of Kazakhstan, as well as the nature of its dynamics. Using the method of rating assessment and the method of absolute differences to group regions by the volume of the post-industrial services in the medium term, the authors give a qualitative description of the selected groups. Concerning the product profile of the types of activities as a part of post-industrial services, the authors conduct a dynamic analysis of all types of services within three aggregated positions: computer programming services; information services; services in the field of architecture, engineering surveys, technical tests and analysis. The article assesses the characteristics of the dynamics and structure of supply in the markets of these services, the concentration of services in the regions of Kazakhstan. The types of services that are characterized by the absolute and relative growth in all the regions of the country are identified, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the vector of development of the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole. The main positive trend is the emergence in the first place of the specific gravity and growth rate of engineering services, which generally corresponds to the trend of transition towards the post-industrial economy with its emphasis on services for all the sectors. Since engineering services are complementary to the real sector of the economy, we can positively assess this trend in the development of Kazakhstan. |
| Keywords: | rating,postindustrial services,business and professional services,information services,regional profile |
| Date: | 2019–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02342720&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Good progress has been made in improving the disclosure and management of fiscal risks since the embedding of fiscal risks in the Budget Code in December 2018, including: • Development of a resolution setting out procedures for assessing different fiscal risks, which was being considered by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukraine; • An order to establish sanctions where required information is not submitted has been drafted but has not yet been submitted for approval; • The electronic system for gathering SOE data is now operational; • An action plan for enhancing fiscal risk management over the medium term (including creating a fiscal risk register (Q2 2020), and a fiscal risk management committee in the MoF (Q2 2021)) has been developed. |
| Keywords: | Risk management;Financial statements;Fiscal risk;Fiscal management;Financial institutions;ISCR,CR,Naftogaz,SOEs,scenario analysis,financial plan,financial model |
| Date: | 2019–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/359&r=all |
| By: | Gokben Aydilek (Gebze Technical University); Murat Anil Mercan (Gebze Technical University) |
| Abstract: | The disaster in the atomic power plant in Chernobyl in northwestern Ukraine on 26 April 1986 discharged extensive amounts of radioactive materials. The destroyed reactor released large amounts of radioactive material to the environment and atmospheric conditions carried the radioactive discharges to other regions, enwidening its area of impact and changing the lives of those who are exposed during different times of their lifecycles. In addition to the physiological health hazard it has caused, the Chernobyl Forum report on Health defines the mental health impact of Chernobyl as the largest public health problem caused by the very accident. Though there are studies analysing the effects of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation on the physical health status of people in their later lives, there are not many studies examining the psychosocial effects of prenatal exposure to the Chernobyl disaster. Previous studies examining the psychological effects of prenatal exposure to Chernobyl disaster conclude that people who are exposed to prenatal stress due to Chernobyl are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and poor self-rated health status compared to others. In Turkey, one of the countries affected by Chernobyl mostly in the Blacksea Region, there are no studies regarding the potential psychosocial damage that this disaster might have caused. As the exposure to Chernobyl could be regarded as a natural experiment, this study aims to fill the gap in the literature by analysing the psychosocial effects of the prenatal exposure to Chernobyl disaster in Turkey regarding the marriage decisions of people as a proxy for attachment. In this study, ?Family Structure Survey ? year 2016? data from the TurkStat questionnaire is exploited. The data is taken from a cross-sectional household survey conducted face-to-face on a nationally representative sample of 17,239 households; 35,475 individuals in the households who are above 15 years of age are interviewed. Given the strong cultural tendency of both men and women in Turkey to get married, the preliminary findings suggest a rather surprising effect that women who are exposed to maternal stress from their third trimester onwards are highly less likely to get married compared to those who are not. Our preliminary findings might suggest that stress related perturbations in fetal brain development during the third trimester might be related with the expanded predominance of negative mental status and might result in people leaving the marriage market by significantly differing from the cultural pattern. |
| Keywords: | Natural experiment, Chernobyl disaster, marriage market, prenatal exposure |
| JEL: | I10 I10 I19 |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:9912222&r=all |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University) |
| Abstract: | A contract is a means for self-organization and self-regulation of civil and legal relations between parties in the Civil Code of Ukraine. A distinguishing feature of a contractual obligation is the dependence of the beginning of a legal fact in its structure on the lawful will of a party (act) to a legal transaction or objective circumstance of reality (events). The objective of the paper is to study the mechanism of termination of obligations by determining the legal framework for its functioning. The specificity of legal facts of normative-compensating nature was determined by the use of normative and protective functions in the legislation. Civil property and its legal regulation of relations are aimed at achieving the legal result determined by their participants at the stage of the exercise of rights. The study reveals that the compensating effect of the legal termination mechanism is expressed at the stage of legal termination, which involves compensating the inability to correct a defect of a legal fact that hinders the achievement of a goal of legal regulation when exercising the right to the start of an anticipated legal effect according to a legal model of legal subjects accepted by the participants of the civil relations. The author dwells upon one of the forms of termination of contractual obligations, more specifically, on the beginning of cancellation and on the deferred status of a legal transaction. |
| Keywords: | Conditional Legal Transaction,Contract,Legal Fact,Termination of Contractual Obligations,Mechanism of Legal Regulation |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02371187&r=all |
| By: | Elisa Giuliani; Federica Nieri; Andrea Vezzulli |
| Abstract: | Traditionally, financial distress and lack of access to opportunities have been seen as among the most important determinants of corporate wrongdoing. Applying performance feedback theory to the context of emerging country companies (ECCs), we seek to show that the biggest wrongdoers are ‘best in class’ companies with better performance than that of their industry peers. Using an original dataset, we examine the involvement in business-related human rights controversies (HRCs) for a sample of 245 large public companies from Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Thailand during the period 1992-2012. We find ECCs with good financial performance (relative to their industry peers) are more likely to be involved in HRCs but that this probability is attenuated if these companies invest in host countries characterized by strong regulatory enforcement which demonstrates the importance of internationalization for reducing wrongful business conduct. We find evidence also that firm self-regulatory policies (i.e. adoption of corporate social responsibility policies) work to mitigate the probability of high performers violating human rights in the conduct of their business. We discuss the contribution to research on the antecedents to corporate wrongdoing, and for performance feedback theory. |
| Keywords: | Performance feedback theory, Human rights controversies (HRCs), Corporate wrongdoing, Emerging country companies (ECCs), Regulatory enforcement, Corporate social responsibility (CSR) |
| JEL: | F23 M14 K40 C23 |
| Date: | 2019–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2019/250&r=all |
| By: | Aleksei Kiselev (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Aleksandra Zhivaykina (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we investigate the impact of global relative price changes on domestic inflation. We use a dynamic hierarchical factor model (DHFM) to decompose consumer basket products’ inflation in a panel of countries into (i) a global factor, common to all price series and all countries, (ii) a price change shock at product group level, (iii) a price change shock at product subgroup level, and (iv) an idiosyncratic component. Using monthly data for 29 economies from 2003 to 2018 we find that product inflation rates demonstrate different sensitivity to common price shocks. For energy, some food and manufactured goods, global relative price changes may account for up to 49% of inflation variation which is quite high for this frequency and level of disaggregation. Moreover, common factors from the DHFM have significant explanatory power for overall CPI and its aggregate components across different countries. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic hierarchical factor model, global inflation, relative prices, Russia |
| JEL: | C38 E31 F42 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps53&r=all |