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on Confederation of Independent States |
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Issue of 2019‒03‒25
33 papers chosen by |
| By: | Levashenko, Antonina (Левашенко, Антонина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ermokhin, Ivan (Ермохин, Иван) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | As part of this work, the provisions of the OECD Declaration on International Investments and Multinational Enterprises of 1976, as well as the standards of responsible business of the OECD, were analyzed. More than 75% of institutional investors in the world today are guided by the principles of sustainable development, impose responsible behavior requirements on investment recipients. An analysis of the OECD sectoral guidelines shows that these standards already today have an impact on the Russian economy and enterprises. The non-participation of Russia in the formation of standards of the OVB puts Russian enterprises in a less advantageous position than companies from the countries participating in the Declaration, as our companies are forced to comply with the standards that they did not take part in the formation of. |
| Keywords: | OECD, responsible business, investment, trade, EAEU |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031935&r=all |
| By: | Varshaver, Evgeniy (Варшавер, Евгений) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Rocheva, Anna (Рочева, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ivanova, Natalia (Иванова, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents results of a two-year research project on integration trajectories of second generation migrants from Transcaucasia and Central Asia aged 18-35 years old in Russia. The research is focused on the people who graduated from school in Russia and who has at least one parent who was born in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and can be identified with one of the “non-Russian” ethnic categories. The empirical basis of the paper is a survey of migrants and local youth with non-migrant background with the help of targeting in social networking sites (N=12524) and a series of interviews in four regions of Russia (N=260). The paper characterizes structural, social, cultural and identificational integration of second generation migrants in Russia and compares them with the corresponding data in other countries. On the basis of this analysis, the authors provide recommendations. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031928&r=all |
| By: | Ponomarev, Yuriy (Пономарев, Юрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Magomedov, Rustam (Магомедов, Рустам) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Currently, the Russian economy is in a recovery phase after stagnation caused by a decrease in export prices for hydrocarbons, a reduction in budget revenues and international sanctions. The decline in profitability in the primary sectors of the economy has given some impetus to the development of the manufacturing industry, but industry growth rates are still very low and Russian industrial companies lag behind world leaders. As a result, the Russian economy is growing at a rate lower than the world average and cannot switch to sustainable growth. One of the key reasons for such development dynamics is the technological lag of the Russian economy from the developed countries and the lack of sufficient prerequisites for narrowing the gap, which in the long run will only increase due to the accelerated technological development of developed countries in the fourth industrial revolution. Due to the instability of the country and sectoral terms of trade, the need to integrate into the international division of labor within the fourth industrial revolution currently taking place in the world and the need for structural and technological transformation of the Russian economy, the issue of identifying the necessary conditions for positive changes in production functions is now a highly topical task. The goal of the research was testing the hypotheses about the impact of new technologies on the productivity and production functions of Russian companies. For that we provided: the review of industrial revolutions in developed and developing countries was conducted; theoretical and empirical studies on new technology adoption models were analyzed; the review of empirical approaches to the estimation of impact of technological changes on productivity and production functions was conducted; case studies of adoption of new technologies were analyzed; the impact assessment of new technologies on TFP and production functions in cement industry and steel industry in Russia. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031924&r=all |
| By: | Abramov, Alexander (Абрамов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Radygin, Alexander (Радыгин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chernova, Maria (Чернова, Мария) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Based on a sample of 213 non-financial public Russian companies listed on the Moscow Exchange for the period 2005-2017. The paper explores the dividend policy of the corporate sector in Russia. Signal and agent dividend hypotheses for Russian companies were tested. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031938&r=all |
| By: | Aliev, Timur (Алиев, Тимур) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Bondareva, Veronika (Бондарева, Вероника) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ismagilova, Olga (Исмагилова, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kudakaeva, Karina (Кудакаева, Карина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Flegontova, Tatiana (Флегонтова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | With a view to carry out the tasks for the national industrial economic development and diversification and growth of the Russian non-mineral exports, this paper presents proposals on applying economic policy mechanisms, as well as developing specific foreign economic policy measures that promote Russian industry. It also analyzes the impact of foreign economic policy on industrial development; best international practices of using foreign economic policy tools for industrial development are given, including ‘best practice’ national examples and regional practices. Based on calculations, a list of most promising products is identified towards which Russian export can be diversified to make Russian export structure more complex. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031917&r=all |
| By: | Knobel Alexander (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Barinova Vera (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Zemtsov Tsepan (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Loshchenkova A. (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | The present edition includes two papers by the leading experts of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy. The papers in question are based on the outputs of research carried out by the Gaidar Institute in 2018. Both the papers deal with operation of the sector of small and mid-sized business (SMB). In the first paper – “The Statistics of the Sector of Small and Mid-Sized Business in Russia and the World” – the authors note that there are serious differences in the methods of calculating statistical indices related to the SMB sector and definition criteria. Without understanding those differences, there is no point in inter-country statistical comparison. Utilization of international experience in facilitating and promoting the SMB sector suggests that there is clear awareness of the differences in this sector’s definition criteria and, consequently, statistical data published in international organizations’ reports. In the other paper – “Comparative Analysis of the Government’s Support to Exports by Small and Mid-Sized Businesses in the Regional Aspect” – the authors elaborate on the existing patterns of support to exports in Russia and point to serious disadvantages which largely prevent small and mid-sized businesses from engaging in export activities. The methods of analyzing the assessment of the impact of export support measures at the regional level on the volumes both of the overall regional exports and exports by small and mid-sized businesses are based on econometric models. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, small and medium-sized enterprises, economic growth, export |
| JEL: | L25 L52 M13 R38 F13 F23 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2019-330&r=all |
| By: | Levashenko, Antonina (Левашенко, Антонина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Koval, Alexandra (Коваль, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzed new tools for the automatic exchange of tax information created at the OECD site. The authors analyzed the regulatory framework of Russia for the implementation of the requirements established in the Multilateral Agreement of Competent Authorities on the Automatic Exchange of Financial Accounting Information 2014 (CRS MCAA) and the Multilateral Agreement on the Exchange of Intercountry Reports 2016 (CbC MCAA). The work resulted in the formation of proposals for the use of tools for international automatic exchange of tax information created at the OECD site, as well as the development of recommendations for improving Russian legislation in the field of tax administration and tax exchange. |
| Keywords: | international tax exchange, OECD, General Reporting Standard CRS, MNC, automatic exchange. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031918&r=all |
| By: | Firanchuk, Alexander (Фиранчук, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the question of the impact of this trade restriction on the prices of Russian imports. This task has important applied and academic value. First, the practical benefit is to assess the impact of the embargo on import prices (at the border). Secondly, the academic significance of the work stems from the fact that the trade restriction introduced occurred at the time of the sharp decline in the ruble exchange rate. Thus, the econometric questions of assessing the impact of two, almost simultaneous events on import prices become fundamental. Namely, we will pay attention to how modern econometric methods allow us to take into account the effect of the embargo and not to mix it with the effect of transferring the exchange rate to import prices. The analysis uses monthly FCS data on Russia's imports, Central Bank data on exchange rates, Rosstat data on consumer prices and production volumes. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031916&r=all |
| By: | Abroskin, Alexander (Аброскин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Abroskina, Natalia (Аброскина, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The problems of methodology and methods of shadow activity scales measurement in the sectors of the Russian economy are the subject area of the research. Special approach to the construction of estimates for the scales of shadow activity in industries of the Russian economy, based on the modification of the classical method of physical inputs, is proposed. The algorithm of calculations and the description of information base used in the construction of sectorial indicators of the shadow activity scales dynamics in the Russian Federation are presented. Absolute estimates and structural indicators of shadow activity scales in gross value added were developed for selected industries of the production of goods and services; corrected estimates of gross value added and GDP of the Russian Federation for 2017 taking into account the updated industry estimates of the shadow activity scales are presented. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031915&r=all |
| By: | Komarov, Vladimir (Комаров, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Voloshinskaya, Anna (Волошинская, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kotsyubinskiy, Vladimir (Коцюбинский, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Today, only 79 subjects out of 85 subjects of the Russian Federation have the existing strategies of socio-economic development. Another five regions have a draft strategy, and only the city of Moscow still does not even have a draft strategy. At the same time, the analysis showed a number of significant shortcomings of the considered strategic documents. In this paper, we developed and tested the methodology for comparing the quality of socio-economic strategies of Russian regions. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031920&r=all |
| By: | Irina S. Prusova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Olga A. Gulevich (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Psychological studies show the effect of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes and behavioral patterns in different spheres of social life, particularly, in intergroup relationships. This study examines the influence of MS on attitudes toward national outgroups. In line with terror management theory (TMT), previous studies indicate a contradictory impact of death-related thoughts. Reminders of death enhance unfavorable attitudes toward all national outgroups, however, MS reinforces the negative attitudes only toward unfriendly countries or toward those perceived as threatening. To shed light on the influence of MS, we conducted two experimental studies that were differentiated by MS manipulation and the specifics of the outgroups. In Study 1 we actualized the reminders of death through military news, whereas in Study 2 by the presentation of terrorism news (close and distant). In Study 1 (N = 180) we analyzed the impact of MS on attitudes toward Ukraine, Belarus, and Estonia. The results showed that MS mostly reinforced the unfavorable attitudes toward ‘unfriendly’ and ‘neutral’ countries. Study 2 (N = 242) focused on MS and attitudes toward Ukraine, Belarus, the USA, and China. The results indicated that MS enhanced negative attitudes toward Ukraine as an ‘unfriendly’ country. However, the close or distant terrorism-related content did not illustrate the specific influence on attitudes toward national outgroups |
| Keywords: | Terror Management Theory, mortality salience, attitudes |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:105psy2019&r=all |
| By: | Milogolov, Nikolay (Милоголов, Николай) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Patel, Svetlana (Патель, Светлана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Berberov, Azamat (Берберов, Азамат) (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | In the paper there is analysis of tax policy in relation to international transactions in Russia and in foreign countries in the context of countering base erosion and increasing competitiveness of jurisdiction for foreign investments. We provide analysis of tax policy instruments in different types of countries (developing, developed, financial centers and offshores). We conclude that scale of base erosion is significant in Russia. We reveal impact of de-ofshorization tax policy measures and propose recommendations for improving international tax policy in Russia. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031930&r=all |
| By: | Arlashkin, Igor (Арлашкин, Игорь) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Barbashova, Natalia (Барбашова, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Deryugin, Alexander (Дерюгин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Zolotareva, Anna (Золотарева, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kireeva, Anastasia (Киреева, Анастасия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shatalov, Stanislav (Шаталов, Станислав) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents the results of the analysis of the division of powers between the levels of public authority in the USA, Germany, Switzerland, Brazil, India, Spain and etc. Comparison of the analyzed international and Russian experiences allowed to identify both similarities and common problems in the division of powers between levels of government in different countries. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031925&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Semionova, Elena (Семенова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Tokareva, Galina (Токарева, Галина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Interregional monitoring of the effectiveness of the school is conducted by the Center for Continuing Education Economics of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. Within the monitoring, a sociological survey of the parents of students, teachers and school principals of different types of settlements in the subjects of the Russian Federation, differentiated according to the criteria of social and economic development is carried out. This informational edition presents the results of the study, revealing the issues of accessibility and ensuring the conditions for pre-school education, family satisfaction with its quality, continuity of pre-school education and primary school. |
| Keywords: | monitoring, pre-school education, primary school, accessibility and quality |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:031913&r=all |
| By: | Levashenko, Antonina (Левашенко, Антонина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Koval, Alexandra (Коваль, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzed the benefits and risks of Russia's participation in the mutual recognition system of OECD non-clinical laboratory research, which is based on internationally agreed principles of good laboratory practices and uniform test methods and avoids re-testing of chemicals. As a result of the study, the authors formulated proposals for the optimal scenario of Russia's accession to the system of mutual recognition of OECD non-clinical laboratory research data, including taking into account Russia's membership in the EAEU. |
| Keywords: | OECD data mutual recognition system, chemicals, good laboratory practices, barriers to trade |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031934&r=all |
| By: | Sinta, Nur |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at proving empirically the superiority of an explanation for recent financial crises in emerging countries which combines endogenous and exogenous factors rather than focusing only on one of these two kinds of factors. To this end, empirical analysis on estimates of random effects models for statistics of Fisher is built. Elements of a similar explanation have been made in the context of a particular crisis. This contribution covers the crises (Mexican 1994, Asian 1997 and Russian 1998), thus covering most of the financial crises that took place during the last decade of the twentieth century. |
| Keywords: | Financial crisis |
| JEL: | G01 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:92896&r=all |
| By: | Kazenin, Konstantin (Казенин, Константин) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper discusses the interregional diversity in fertility in the Russian Federation in the period since the beginning of payments of maternity capital. The question of the significance of socio-cultural contrasts between regions for differences in fertility is examined. Differences between regions are considered both in the general level of fertility and in the birth rate of children of individual orders. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031921&r=all |
| By: | Balandina, Galina (Баландина, Галина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with individual issues of introduction of non-tariff regulation measures and administration of their application by moving goods across the customs border and their turnover in the customs territory of the EAEU. In particular, the situation with the introduction of electronic licensing in Russia is critically assessed, examples from the international practice of the introduction of automatic licensing and control technology based on the "single window" principle are cited. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031927&r=all |
| By: | Nikulin, Alexander (Никулин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Vinogradskiy, Valeriy (Виноградский, Валерий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Vinogradskaya, Olga (Виноградская, Ольга) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Gusakov, Timur (Гусаков, Тимур) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Trotsuk, Irina (Троцук, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Today environmental issues are in the focus not only of scientific and managerial but also of everyday interest of townspeople and villagers, and such concerns are increasingly about the countryside for it lost its previous “status” of ecological “enclave” due to the growing number and severity of environmental crisis situations in rural areas. However, we do not consider these crisis situations as such but rather the consequences of the deformation of the previous ecological balance between peasant households and their environment, and we study the daily efforts of rural residents within their informal economy to restore the traditional ecological state of the village or, at least, to prevent it deterioration. Based on statistical, historical and empirical data, we consider the types of practices that determine the formats of sustainable local and regional agronomic and social-economic interaction of social agents in rural areas. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031923&r=all |
| By: | Maleva, Tatiana (Малева, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Grishina, Elena E. (Гришина, Елена Е.) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polyakova, Alexandra (Полякова, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Florinskaya, Yulia (Флоринская, Юлия) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Khasanova, Ramiliya (Хасанова, Рамиля) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The authors made a comprehensive analysis of indicators covering the most important areas, including incomes of the population, the labor market, regional social development, demographic development, changing the migration situation, social well-being of the population and the strategy of its behavior. The study is based on the results of statistical analysis and monitoring of the social well-being of the population, implemented by the Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting of the RANEPA since 2015. The analysis made it possible to determine the strategic tasks that the Russian economy and Russian society will have to solve for a long time. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031936&r=all |
| By: | Danilov, Yuriy (Данилов, Юрий Алексеевич) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Pivovarov, Danil (Пивоваров, Данил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the problems of financial inclusion, considered as a prerequisite for the formation of an inclusive growth model (“growth for all”). The paper presents results of calculations of the mutual dependence of financial inclusion and financial stability; financial inclusion and financial sector performance; financial inclusion and financial structure; financial inclusion and economic dynamics. Authors evaluate the financial inclusion of the Russian banking sector and financial markets, including the first assessment of the inclusion in the primary securities markets and its impact on the economic dynamics and investment activity of enterprises. And authors formulate recommendations for economic policy in the financial sector. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031940&r=all |
| By: | Kornienko, Natalia (Корниенко, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Minina, Elena (Минина, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Korolev, Georgiy (Королев, Георгий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Mitrofanova, Ekaterina A. (Митрофанова, Екатерина А.) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The availability of the latest international financial instruments to individuals means that in the coming years they will be used on a massive scale, and it is necessary to improve the taxation system and legal regulation of turnover in order to achieve both fair taxation and provision of budget revenues from tax revenues. Financial instruments are widely used to transfer capital abroad, which leads to the loss of the corresponding tax revenues of Russia and the EAEU countries. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031931&r=all |
| By: | Rong Zheng; Patricio V. Marquez; Polina Kuznetsova; Xiao Hu; Yang Wang |
| Keywords: | Health, Nutrition and Population - Cancer Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention Health, Nutrition and Population - Public Health Promotion Health, Nutrition and Population - Tobacco Use and Control Poverty Reduction - Poverty and Health |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:30620&r=all |
| By: | Artem V. Efimov (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is finding a method of calculating or at least reliably estimating the money supply in the 1710s’ Russia. The estimation is based on Gresham’s Law that states: “Bad money drive out good money.” The “good” and “bad” monies of Petrine era are identified. I argue that the “good” money was driven out by 1705 and, therefore, the emission of “bad” money in 1705–10 increased money supply. The increase is estimated to be about 40 percent. This conclusion calls for a further investigation of price dynamics of the period to determine effects of the increase. |
| Keywords: | Peter the Great’s reforms, monetary reform, money supply |
| JEL: | N1 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:175/hum/2019&r=all |
| By: | David Nielson; Yuan-Ting Meng; Anna Buyvolova; Artavazd Hakobyan |
| Keywords: | Agriculture - Agribusiness Agriculture - Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems Agriculture - Climate Change and Agriculture Agriculture - Crops & Crop Management Systems Information and Communication Technologies - ICT Applications Information and Communication Technologies - Rural Information & Communications Technologies Science and Technology Development - Technology Innovation |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:30627&r=all |
| By: | Abramov, Alexander (Абрамов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Radygin, Alexander (Радыгин, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Chernova, Maria (Чернова, Мария) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents data collected from non-state pension funds, self-regulating organizations and the Bank of Russia, long series of ruble non-state pension funds, including our estimates of the net return of funds. These figures are compared with the rate of inflation and the return on OFZ portfolio. Prepared proposals to improve the public reporting of non-state pension funds, which could help to become more accessible to fund investors and all interested parties information about the performance of the funds. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031939&r=all |
| By: | Zolotareva, Anna (Золотарева, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The article provides an analysis of the legal regulation of procedures and practices for the implementation of budget support for commercial organizations in Russia with a view to developing recommendations for improving the effectiveness of relevant budget expenditures. |
| Keywords: | COMMERCIAL SECTOR, BUDGET SUBSIDIES, BUDGET INVESTMENT, INVESTMENTS IN THE CHARTERED CAPITAL, BUDGET SUPPORT OF INDUSTRY, SUBSIDIATION OF ENTERPRISES. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031932&r=all |
| By: | Komarov, Vladimir (Комаров, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kotsyubinskiy, Vladimir (Коцюбинский, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Akimova, Varvara (Акимова, Варвара) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Voloshinskaya, Anna (Волошинская, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | It is shown that the ideology and strategy of transport-territorial development can be based on the paradigm of sustainable development, where the emphasis is put on improving the quality of life, maintaining the viability of urban systems and creating an environment for realising human potential, and not on increasing production of goods and services. The paper proposes recommendations for Russia’s transition to the paradigm of “sustainable transport”. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:031919&r=all |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Tertiary Education Education - Secondary Education Education - Education Finance Education - Education Reform and Management Education - Educational Institutions & Facilities Education - Educational Policy and Planning Education - Effective Schools and Teachers |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:30411&r=all |
| By: | Krivonos, Ekaterina; Kuhn, Lena |
| Abstract: | In public and academic debates, the linkages between agricultural markets and nutrition across the world are vividly discussed. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate by analyzing the relationship between greater openness to trade and dietary diversity. It focuses on the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia where trade reforms as part of the economic and political transition provide a natural experiment for studying the effects of trade openness on agricultural markets and consumer behaviour. Reduction in trade barriers, for instance in the context of the accession to the WTO and the EU, and the gradual integration with world markets after 1991 had implications for diets through changes in production, prices and incomes. We utilize country-level panel data for 26 post-communist countries in the period 1996-2013 to assess the effects of trade costs, openness to trade and incomes on dietary diversity measured by the Shannon entropy index. The results arising from fixed effects and instrumental variables estimation are consistent with previous findings that income growth affects dietary diversity positively and provide novel evidence that trade barriers reduce variety of products available in domestic markets, in particular fruits and vegetables. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamodp:285031&r=all |
| By: | Anastasia N. Stepanova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Olga O. Kopyrina (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an empirical analysis of the influence of ownership structure and board independence on bond yield spread in BRIC countries, 2007-2016. The main finding of the study is the presence of significant country-specific effects of ownership structure on the cost of debt, and the absence of effects of board independence. According to our results, in Brazil, insider ownership and concentrated ownership of corporations increase the cost of debt, while institutional investors help to mitigate the risks of debt holders. Only state and insider ownership matter in Russia: the larger the government stake, the higher the cost of debt, while insider ownership has a non-linear effect. In India insider ownership has an increasing effect, while state ownership has the inverse effect. Evidence from China reveals the decreasing influence of corporations’ ownership concentration, which can be a result of the co-insurance effect. We contribute to the literature by providing evidence from emerging markets, taking into account the specific features of each country and investigating the effect on market indicator of the cost of debt, the data on which is scarce. The results of this study can be used by rating agencies or investors for the evaluation of the risks related to bond issuers, as well as by debt issuers for attracting finance with lower costs |
| Keywords: | cost of debt, ownership structure, board independence, BRIC |
| JEL: | G32 G34 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:74/fe/2019&r=all |
| By: | Enerelt Murakami; Eiji Yamada; Erica Sioson |
| Abstract: | major labor migrant sending and remittance dependent country in Central Asia. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we effectively address the common methodological issues that result in biased estimates in analyses of migration and remittances. Our empirical work accounts for the endogeneity of migration and remittances with respect to the labor supply decisions of household members left at home, and for the self-selection of migrants and remittance senders through the application of a control function approach. Second, we apply our empirical model to unique high-frequency household panel data that further helps to remedy methodological problems present in cross-sectional studies. The findings suggest that having a migrant member and receiving remittances increases the reservation wages of the household members left at home, thereby reducing their labor supply and economic activity rate. This result is robust to different model specifications and definitions of migration and remittances. |
| Keywords: | Migration, remittances, labor market participation, economic activity rate, endogenous switching, Tajikistan |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jic:wpaper:181&r=all |
| By: | Svanidze, Miranda; Götz, Linde; Duric, Ivan; Glauben, Thomas |
| Abstract: | We investigate wheat price relationships between the import-dependent countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus and the Black Sea wheat exporters to assess wheat market efficiency which is crucial for ensuring availability and access to wheat and for reducing food insecurity. Results of linear and threshold error correction models suggest strong influence of trade costs on market integration in Central Asia, while those costs are of minor importance in the South Caucasus. In particular, wheat trade in Central Asia is characterized not only by higher transportation costs but also unofficial payments play a large role. In addition, wheat price volatility is substantially higher in the wheat importing countries of Central Asia compared to the South Caucasus. To foster market functioning, wheat trade should be facilitated by policies reducing trade costs. This includes investments in grain market infrastructure, eliminating unofficial payments, but also resolving geopolitical conflicts. However, wheat trade in this region is characterized by large distances, low scope for import diversification and repeated export restrictions by Black Sea exporters. Therefore, trade enhancing policies should be complemented with policies increasing wheat self-sufficiency to enhance food security. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamodp:285032&r=all |