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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Konstantin A. Kholodilin (DIW Berlin and Leontief Centre); Leonid E. Limonov (National Research University - Higher School of Economics and Leontief Centre); Sofie R. Waltl (Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research and Vienna University of Economics and Business - Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This article studies the evolution of housing rents in St. Petersburg between 1880 and 1917 covering an eventful period of Russian and world history. We collect and digitize over 5,000 rental advertisements from historic newspapers, which we use together with geo-coded addresses and detailed structural characteristics to construct a quality-adjusted rent price index in continuous time. We provide the first pre-war and pre-Soviet index based on market data for any Russian housing market. In 1915, one of the world’s earliest rent control and tenant protection policies was introduced as a response to soaring prices following the outbreak of World War I. We analyze the impact of this policy: while before the regulation rents were increasing at a similar rapid pace as other consumer prices, the policy reversed this trend. We find evidence for official compliance with the policy, document a rise in tenure duration and strongly increased rent affordability among workers after the introduction of the policy. We conclude that the immediate prelude to the October Revolution was indeed characterized by economic turmoil, but rent affordability and rising rents were no longer the prevailing problems. |
| Keywords: | Rental Market, Rent Regulation, Intra-Urban Rent Dynamics, Hedonic Rent Price Index, Economic History, Pre-Soviet Russia, October Revolution |
| JEL: | C14 C43 N93 O18 |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp279&r=all |
| By: | Polterovich, Victor; Panchuk, Daria |
| Abstract: | Basing on the ideas of indicative planning, we propose an approach to the diversification of the Russian economy by deepening the hydrocarbon processing. We justify the expediency of forming a system of interrelated projects that ensure the improvement of technology and expansion of output in a set of productions, and analyze promising areas of development of such projects. The connection of the proposed approach with the concept of value chains is considered. The options of institutional organization of the processes of formation and implementation of a system of projects are discussed. |
| Keywords: | indicative planning, value chain, synergistic effect, oil refining, petrochemistry, polymers |
| JEL: | B52 N40 O10 Z10 |
| Date: | 2019–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:92291&r=all |
| By: | Antoine Parent (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques); Olivier, Bureau D'economie Théorique Guillot (Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée (CNRS/Université de Strasbourd/UL/INRA/AgroParistech) (BETA)) |
| Abstract: | This article provides precise and detailed insight into the mortality of French soldiers during the First World War, focusing on their survival time during the conflict. The article clearly contributes to the longpursued yet unfinished endeavour that is a thorough and definitive demographic assessment of this war. To provide a general framework for the article’s conclusions, it bears recalling certain multinational data on the losses incurred during what has often and rightly been referred to as the “hecatomb” or “the great bloodletting”. According to an overall average estimate, the Great War caused the deaths of nearly 10 million soldiers, including more than 2 million Germans, nearly 2 million Russians, just under 1.5 million Frenchmen, 800,000 Britons, and 650,000 Italians, although these figures remain subject to debate. Counts include men from the most fertile age groups, between ages 19 and 40, that also made up the largest share of their countries’ labour forces. They form the “sacrificed generations”. As a proportion of its total population and among Allied countries, France suffered the greatest number of military deaths after Serbia, slightly fewer than the Ottoman Empire in relation to the Central Powers. Deaths as tallied above correspond to troops killed in action. If we include soldiers who were wounded, taken prisoner, and who went missing, it becomes apparent that the Central Powers were the more grievously impacted side, with Serbia maintaining its tragic frontrunner status among the Allies. About 500,000 soldiers died after 1918 from wounds received or diseases contracted during the war |
| Keywords: | Population; Soldiers; Mortality; WW1 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/743lugucjm9h5aev6ttnkdni6d&r=all |