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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Philippe Pelé-Clamour (HEC Paris - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales) |
| Abstract: | Prospective analysis of Eastern Siberia that places Vladivostok at the center of the geopolitical chessboard in 2050. The stakes are high, natural resources, demographic imbalances, historical perspectives and neighborhood with China. Dossier: "Russia and the world" in the ENA review. |
| Abstract: | Analyse prospective de la Sibérie orientale qui place Vladivostok au centre de l'échiquier géopolitique en 2050. Les enjeux sont important, ressources naturelles, déséquilibres démographiques, perspectives historiques et voisinage avec la Chine. Dossier: "La Russie et le monde" dans la revue de l'ENA. |
| Keywords: | Russia,Asia,Russia Far East,Vladivostok,Russie,Sibérie Orientale,Asie |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01965691&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Belarusian economy is in a cyclical recovery, inflation is at historically low levels and the exchange rate has been broadly stable. Although macroeconomic policy frameworks have improved, there is a need to reduce deep seated vulnerabilities such as rapidly rising public debt, high dollarization, and limited trade and financing diversification. In addition, reforms of the large state-owned enterprise sector are critical to tackle inefficiencies and increase potential growth. Risks ahead are elevated; notably, Belarus could lose significant oil-related discounts and transfers due to internal tax changes in Russia, but the authorities are confident of a successful outcome to the ongoing negotiations. |
| Date: | 2019–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/9&r=all |
| By: | Gribincea, Alexandru |
| Abstract: | production in the Republic of Moldova increased in 2017 compared to the 2016 period. The positive evolution is due to the increase in the processing industry of agricultural raw materials. Innovative modern technologies seem promising for both producers and consumers of agricultural products, but their use also involves potential risks. In order to maximize innovative potential, appropriate policies must be developed to ensure that these risks are accurately identified and, if necessary, to be avoided. But the intensive application of bio and nanotechnologies leads to concerns for ecologists and population in general. Scientists are working to minimize or mitigate the negative impact of human technology on sustainable development. The measures taken include the development and use of tools, selective means that reduce the noosphere’s impact. Scientists are working to minimize or mitigate the negative impact of human technology on sustainable development. The measures taken include the development and use of tools, selective means that reduce the noosphere’s impact. Currently, according to WTO data, the largest producers and exporters of agricultural products can highlight: USA – 10%, EU – 9.5%, Brazil – 4.6%, China – 3.2%, Argentina – 2.8%, Indonesia – 2.4%, Thailand – 2.4%, Malaysia – 2.1%, Australia – 1.9%, Russia – 1.9%, India – 1.6%, New Zealand and Mexico – 3%, Chili – 1.2%. These countries export agricultural products totaling 1117 billion USD. Moldovan exports to EU countries have become a lifeline for domestic companies looking for new outlets. The aim of the research is to estimate the ways to meet internal and external needs under conditions of economic sustainability. |
| Keywords: | agricultural products, agriculture contribution, plant production, animal production, sustainable development, economic vector orientation |
| JEL: | Q1 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:91914&r=all |
| By: | Balan, Aliona |
| Abstract: | In the present article we make reference to the role of tax incentives in stimulating investment. There are a number of factors that influence the investment process, including tax concessions, as one of the most common measures of support by the state of investment activity. In this paper it is presented an analysis of the existing tax incentives in the Republic of Moldova aimed at stimulating investment activity, have been identified the types of tax breaks that have the greatest impact on investment incentives, as well as proposed some recommendations on the granting of tax incentives and customs in order to stimulate investment activity in the Republic of Moldova. |
| Keywords: | investment, taxes, tax incentives, methods of regulation, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | M2 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:91843&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Ukrainian authorities have been able to restore macro-economic stability and growth following the severe economic crisis of 2014–15. However, efforts to create a more dynamic, open, and competitive economy have fallen short of expectations, and the economy still faces important challenges. Investment, particularly foreign direct investment, is held back by a difficult business environment, while large numbers of worker seek job opportunities abroad as economic growth is too low for incomes to noticeably close the gap with regional peers. Reserves have recovered, but remain relatively low, while the economy is still vulnerable to shocks. |
| Keywords: | Ukraine;Europe; |
| Date: | 2019–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/3&r=all |
| By: | Astghik Mavisakalyan (Bankwest Curtin Economic Centre, Curtin University); Anna Minasyan (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | Recent evidence shows that highly skewed sex ratios at birth are observed not only in China and India, but also for a number of countries in the Southeast Europe and South Caucasus - a region that has seen eruptions of conflicts following the collapse of communist regimes. Yet, the role of conflict has been largely overlooked in the relevant literature on ?missing girls?. We argue that conflict and group survival concerns can exacerbate the initial son bias and lead to relatively more male births once low fertility levels and access to ultrasound technology are given. We test our hypotheses in the context of Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. First, individual-level survey analysis from Armenia shows that relatively stronger concern over national security and territorial integrity is significantly associated with son preference. Second, difference-in-difference panel analysis of community-level census data shows that once ceasefire breaches between Armenia and Azerbaijan intensified, Armenian communities closer to the conflict region exhibited relatively higher sex ratios at birth. |
| Keywords: | discrimination, sex ratios, conflict |
| JEL: | D74 J13 J16 O15 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ozl:bcecwp:wp1803&r=all |
| By: | Zadvorneva>, Evgeniya; Stukach, Victor |
| Abstract: | The resource base and market institutions of food supply of the suburban area of the capital of Kazakhstan are investigated. The economic essence, principles of formation and development of the institutional environment of the infrastructure of the agricultural market of the metropolis, methods of analysis of the state and efficiency of the strategic directions of development, factors of infrastructure development, the formation of modern institutions of food supply of the population. The parameters of the scenario of socio-economic dynamics up to 2030, based on the foresight methodology, are proposed. The potential and capabilities of the functional links of the infrastructure that require their development are analyzed: logistics, marketing, information, trade, service, innovation, etc. The book is addressed to employees of regional governments and local self-government, market research specialists, researchers, teachers, students of the system of training, managers and specialists of infrastructure organizations, agricultural enterprises |
| Keywords: | The suburban economy of the metropolis, the resource base of food supply, the infrastructure of the agro-food complex, the institutional structure of food supply to vulnerable segments of the population. |
| JEL: | Q1 Q18 R1 R12 R5 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:92042&r=all |
| By: | Stephany, Fabian |
| Abstract: | User data fuel the digital economy, while individual privacy is at stake. Governments react differently to this challenge. Estonia, a small Baltic state, has become a role model for the renewal of the social contract in times of big data. The Estonian example suggests that online governance is most successful in a small state, with a young population, trustworthy institutions and the need of technological renewal. This work examines the development of e-governance usage during the last decade in Europe from a comprehensive cross-country perspective: Size, age and trust are relevant for the development of digital governance in Europe. However, the quality of past communication infrastructure is not related to e-governance popularity. |
| Keywords: | E-Governance,Europe,Estonia,Random Model,Trust |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:agawps:15&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted during June 18–22, 2018 to support the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU) in improving the residential property price indexes (RPPI) for Ukraine. This was the second of a series of SECO2 RPPI-funded TA missions to take place until mid-2019 that will assist in building staff capacity for further development of the RPPI. RPPIs have been identified as critical ingredients for financial stability policy analysis. The indexes are used by policy makers as an input into design of macroprudential policies, that is, those policies aim to reduce systemic risks arising from “excessive” financial procyclicality (such as asset bubbles). RPPIs are also used by policy makers to inform monetary policy and inflation targeting. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/13&r=all |
| By: | Buzdugan, Adriana |
| Abstract: | The tourism cluster approach is considered an appropriate strategy in emerging economies and less developed areas. Due to the limited resources and a large number of structural problems in the rural areas of the Republic of Moldova, bringing together all stakeholders and attractions in a competitive tourism cluster would ensure that the area could work and could become an effective and efficient destination of rural tourism . The objective of this article is to highlight the key challenges of rural tourism clustering and to provide new data and a better understanding of the tourism cluster approach in rural areas of the Republic of Moldova. |
| Keywords: | cluster, tourism, competitiveness, geographic agglomeration, benefits, strategies |
| JEL: | R1 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:91912&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Date: | 2019–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/10&r=all |
| By: | Nicolas R Blancher; Maximiliano Appendino; Aidyn Bibolov; Armand Fouejieu; Jiawei Li; Anta Ndoye; Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou; Wei Shi; Tetyana Sydorenko |
| Abstract: | The importance of financial inclusion is increasingly recognized by policymakers around the world. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financial inclusion, in particular, is at the core of the economic diversification and growth challenges many countries are facing. In the Middle East and Central Asia (MENAP and CCA) regions, SMEs represent an important share of firms, but the regions lag most others in terms of SME access to financing. |
| Keywords: | Financial inclusion;Middle East and Central Asia;Business enterprises;Small and Medium Enterprises; Financial Inclusion; Middle East and Central Asia |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfdep:19/02&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | With the appointment of a new government, a lively debate has ensued about redirecting fiscal policies in support of a balanced revenue-raising strategy that is conducive to investment and growth. Currently, Armenia needs to raise more revenues in support of fiscal consolidation and to generate additional funding for developing and maintaining the physical infrastructure with special reference to the need of improving the urban built-up environment. Since the Authorities requested the mission to consider tax measures that are supportive of growth and/or tradeable sector, the proposed restructuring of taxes recognizes that real estate taxes, resource rent taxes, and broad-based consumption taxes (VAT and excises) are least distortive for growth. The 2016 Technical Assistance Mission in its report reviewed already unutilized tax bases as far as excises are concerned (taxation of gambling, mobile air time, waste packaging taxes, alcohol and tobacco taxation). As requested by the authorities, this mission focused on improving personal and business income taxes, presumptive taxation, and the recurrent real estate tax as base-broadening of the latter could support the fiscal program of the new government. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/31&r=all |