|
on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Elena Korchmina (New York University Abu Dhabi) |
| Abstract: | How can developing countries successfully implement income taxes, which are generally desirable but costly to collect? This paper analyses the income tax compliance of elites in a developing country with a low administrative capacity, drawing attention to the role of either voluntary or quasi-voluntary components of tax acquiescence. In 1812, the Russian government introduced the progressive income tax, with the highest tax rate of 10 per cent. After Britain, the Russian Empire became the second country to adopt this levy – under the threat of Napoleonic invasion. Unlike the widely known and deeply investigated British case, the history of Russian income tax suffers from a lack of detailed research. I use a self-compiled unique dataset for estimating the level of tax compliance of the Russian noble elite at the individual level. The dataset is based on the self-reported tax returns of approximately 4,000 Russian aristocrats who had real estate in the Moscow region. Using narrative sources and crosschecking with official bank documents, I reveal not only that the Russian nobility declared reliable income information but also that the share of aristocratic evaders was relatively low (from 30 to 10 per cent). I argue that this surprisingly high level of tax compliance was achieved through a unique mechanism of tax collection involving the channels of social sanctioning and group identity, boosted by the national threat of Napoleonic invasion. This case could be considered as extremely important, insofar as the state could not achieve its fiscal aims due to coercive tools in the hands of bureaucracy but had to rely on subjects’ goodwill. |
| Keywords: | Russia, income tax, elite, nineteenth-century. |
| JEL: | H2 N93 N33 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0144&r=all |
| By: | Vasily Astrov (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Rumen Dobrinsky (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Richard Grieveson (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Doris Hanzl-Weiss (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Peter Havlik (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Gabor Hunya (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Sebastian Leitner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Isilda Mara (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Olga Pindyuk (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Leon Podkaminer (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Sandor Richter (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Hermine Vidovic (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Central, East and Southeast Europe Recent Economic Developments and Forecast Table Overview 2016-2017 and outlook 2018-2020 (p. 1) Figures GDP growth in 2017-2020 and contribution of individual demand components in percentage points (p. 2) Albania Overvalued domestic currency (by Isilda Mara; p. 3) Belarus Unexpected surge in economic activity (by Rumen Dobrinsky; p. 4) Bosnia and Herzegovina Risks high ahead of election (by Richard Grieveson; p. 5) Bulgaria Past the peak of the cycle? (by Rumen Dobrinsky; p. 6) Croatia Investments subdued (by Hermine Vidovic; p. 7) Czech Republic Balanced and moderate growth (by Leon Podkaminer; p. 8) Estonia Growth boosted by internal demand (by Sebastian Leitner; p. 9) Hungary Strong expansion on fragile fundaments (by Sándor Richter; p. 10) Kazakhstan Benefiting from high oil prices (by Olga Pindyuk; p. 11) Kosovo Growth accelerating amid political instability (by Isilda Mara; p. 12) Latvia Still riding high on the election and investment cycle but slowdown ahead (by Sebastian Leitner; p. 13) Lithuania Flourishing economy but lacking welfare state (by Sebastian Leitner; p. 14) Macedonia New name and improved connectivity may boost growth (by Peter Havlik; p. 15) Montenegro Stable outlook (by Olga Pindyuk; p. 16) Poland First clouds on the horizon (by Leon Podkaminer; p. 17) Romania Economic growth falters (by Gábor Hunya; p. 18) Russian Federation More of the same will not be helpful (by Peter Havlik; p. 19) Serbia Cautiously optimistic (by Richard Grieveson; p. 20) Slovakia Solid growth with extra kick from automotive industry (by Doris Hanzl-Weiss; p. 21) Slovenia Broad-based growth continues (by Hermine Vidovic; p. 22) Turkey Sailing close to the wind (by Richard Grieveson; p. 23) Ukraine Remittances offset growing trade deficit (by Vasily Astrov; p. 24) |
| Keywords: | economic forecasts, GDP, GDP growth, investment, consumer prices, unemployment, current account, household consumption, net exports, |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:mpaper:mr:2018-06&r=all |
| By: | Selivanovskikh, L. |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a thorough analysis of different talent management practices implemented by local companies from Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine. In particular, I pay special attention to the country-specific environments that shape the peculiarities of talent management practices and provide discussion about its future perspectives within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) context. All of the case studies presented in this review illustrate how different companies from the specified countries deal with such key issues of talent management as the attraction, recruitment, indoctrination, development, motivation and retention of high-potential employees. Specifically, I demonstrate that organizations from Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Ukraine share a common feature of talent management policies, systems and practices being more formalized and highly regulated especially compared to Western – more developed – countries. It is also revealed that in Belarusian and Kazakhstani companies open performance appraisal systems are unpopular and performance-based remuneration mechanisms remain underdeveloped. Meanwhile, in Ukrainian companies, there are a persistence of elitist talent definitions and a preeminence of talent retention practices, whereas in Belarusian and Kazakhstani companies there is a prevalence of Universalist talent definitions, with former concentrating on specific aspects of talent management, i.e. the attraction, development or retention of young specialists, and the latter focusing more on talent development practices. Finally, I conclude by demonstrating that talent management is influenced by a number of factors, some of which are rather specific to Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine, but at the same time can be featured as common for the CIS context. |
| Keywords: | talent management, CIS region, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15118&r=all |
| By: | Panibratov, Andrei; Chen, Xinchuan |
| Abstract: | The paper provides the review of the role of informal institutions in two emerging market contexts, China and Russia, and identifies its influence on firms’ internationalization process. In the process of internationalization, Chinese and Russian firms have always been affected by their informal institutions. Informal institutions in Chinese and Russian context affect overseas operations such as production, sales, and service of the companies. The research claims that informal institutions such as values, ethics, and habits influence Chinese and Russian firms the process of internationalization in Russia and China but operate differently depending on the context that can be explained by a country specifics. By analyzing and comparing the influence of informal institutions on firm’s internationalization in researched countries, we re-evaluate its impact in emerging market countries. |
| Keywords: | informal institutions, internationalization, Russia, China, firms, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15115&r=all |
| By: | Dmitry Kreptsev (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Sergei Seleznev (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the DSGE model of the Russian economy with the banking sector which the Bank of Russia uses for simulation experiments. We show how the introduction of the banking sector changes impulse responses of a standard DSGE model of a small open economy. We also demonstrate that the model has fairly good predictive power. The model enables us to study the effect of banking sector-specific shocks on the economy. Estimation on Russian data has led us to conclude that in this model such shocks did not have a significant effect on the real economy’s variables in the period under observation spanning years from 2006 to 2016. |
| Keywords: | DSGE, BVAR, Russia’s economy, financial frictions, banking sector. |
| JEL: | C61 E37 E47 G10 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps27&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Tokareva, Galina (Токарева, Галина) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Interregional monitoring of the effectiveness of the school is conducted by the Center for Continuing Education Economics of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation. Within the monitoring, a sociological survey of the parents of students, teachers and school principals of different types of settlements in the subjects of the Russian Federation, differentiated according to the criteria of social and economic development is carried out. This issue presents the results of a survey of parents of schoolchildren held in Voronezh, Ivanovo, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk regions, Altai and Stavropol regions in 2013-2017, revealing the respondents' attitude to the organization of additional education, its place in the system of educational results of schoolchildren. |
| Keywords: | MONITORING, EFFICIENCY OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, ADDITIONAL EDUCATION, FAMILIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:081801&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Tokareva, Galina (Токарева, Галина) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Interregional monitoring of the effectiveness of the school is conducted by the Center for Continuing Education Economics of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. Within the monitoring, a sociological survey of the parents of students, teachers and school principals of different types of settlements in the subjects of the Russian Federation, differentiated according to the criteria of social and economic development is carried out. This issue presents the results of a survey of teachers and parents of schoolchildren held in Chelyabinsk region, Altai and Stavropol regions in 2018, revealing the respondents' attitude to problems of school success and failure. |
| Keywords: | MONITORING, EFFICIENCY OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, ADDITIONAL EDUCATION, TEACHERS, FAMILIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111808&r=all |
| By: | Belanovskiy, Sergey (Белановский, Сергей) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | In modern conditions, the knowledge economy becomes the locomotive of the economic development of the whole world. Russia occupies a special position in this process. For reasons that have developed historically, the country has a developed scientific potential, which, however, is poorly implemented in practice. As a result, technological rent, to which Russia could claim, largely goes to other countries. Russia has a developed network of higher education institutions, many of which take their places in the world rankings. At the same time, this level of student preparation is not maintained everywhere. This study identifies four levels of technical universities differing in the quality of their training.The grouping of universities on strata is always partly conditional, because the boundaries between them are often blurred. Within the framework of this (qualitative sociological) research one can not speak of strictly verified validated lists. It is rather a question of identifying typical representatives, identified on the basis of a survey of respondents at the expert level. Nevertheless, the ranking of the universities studied by this approximate and incomplete list made it possible to reveal significant differences in many parameters characterizing the quality of education in these universities. |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:051812&r=all |
| By: | Zykov, Alexander (Зыков, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Petrov, Vladimir (Петров, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Oleg, Tsaplin (Олег, Цаплин) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article examines the experience in implementing of the Integrated Automated Management System of the University using the platform “1C: Enterprise 8” on the example of the educational process automation in the North-Western Institute of Management — branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | automated system, new information technologies, automation of educational process, information processing, accounting system, functional module |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111804&r=all |
| By: | Alexey Ponomarenko (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Svetlana Popova (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Sergey Sabodash (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | Industries that require large working capital as compared to revenue are, in general, more sensitive to changes in debt financing availability. It makes such industries more vulnerable to financial crises when opportunities to attract debt financing usually become much scarcer. In Russia, the number of such industries is large, and they are more important to the economy than in Europe. Construction, real estate operations, agriculture and certain manufacturing industries, among others, are, perhaps, the most vulnerable to financial turmoil. For this reason, financial shocks can affect the Russian economy to a greater extent than that of the European countries. Therefore, maintaining financial stability requires particularly close monitoring and analysis of the situation in these industries. |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:note18&r=all |
| By: | Buggle, Johannes C.; Nafziger, Steven |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the long-run economic consequences of Russian serfdom. Employing data on the intensity of labor coercion at the district level in just prior to emancipation in 1861, we document that a greater legacy of serfdom is associated with lower economic well-being today. Our estimates imply that increasing historical serfdom by 25 percentage points reduces household expenditure today by up to 17%. The analysis of different types of labor coercion reveals substantial heterogeneity in the long-run effects of serfdom. Furthermore, we document persistence of economic development measured by city populations over the period 1800 - 2002 in cross-sectional regressions and panel estimations. Exploring mechanisms, our results suggest that the effect of serfdom on urbanization in Imperial Russia was perpetuated in the Soviet period, with negative implications for structural change, the spatial distribution and productivity of firms, and human capital investment. |
| JEL: | N33 N54 O10 O43 |
| Date: | 2018–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofitp:2018_022&r=all |
| By: | Panibratov, A.; Klishevich, D. |
| Abstract: | State-owned enterprises are considered an important phenomenon in the contemporary international business research which has a particular focus on the internationalization of such companies. The most prominent examples of globalizing state companies are the enterprises from emerging markets, whose economies are traditionally shaped a lot by the state influence and where historical legacy still influences the development of economy. This study examines the relationship of the state ownership and internationalization which is still far from being clear, since research on this topic produced controversial results. The controversy may be grounded in the different contexts where state companies operate. We study the Russian state companies, that are the least studied among the emerging market countries, and promise to reveal the insights on the internationalization strategies of SOEs. We examine the association of the state ownership degree and the internationalization level on the sample of state- and private-owned enterprises that are the 250 largest Russian exporters for the 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The results indicate that state ownership degree is negatively associated with the internationalization intensity, but only in case of the indirect state ownership, which we explain with the argumentation of the public agenda that companies pursue indirectly. Russian state companies are considered to have both commercial and strategic goals, and the latter may be connected to the geopolitical aspirations of the government. Firms with indirect state affiliation are used by the government as a leverage to reach non-market goals. Thus, the state pursues strategic (as opposed to commercial) agenda indirectly. |
| Keywords: | internationalization, state-owned enterprises, multinational enterprise, MNC, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15116&r=all |
| By: | Bordunos, A.; Kosheleva, S. |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Current research explores what determines corporate Human Resource Management strategy (SHRM), proposing that external institutional pressure can limit firms’ freedom of choice. Design/methodology/approach: The illustrative context is the banking industry in Russia. With a focus on the disclosed SHRM, the research helped to ensure that a) most of the banks indeed were similar in SHRM, despite possibility of the alternative options; b) successful banks were more self-determined in SHRM choice; c) in both cases, this choice was not associated with the competitive advantage of the banks. Key methods: theoretical thematic analysis on a latent level and Human Capital Disclosure Index. Findings: Example of the Russian banking industry helped illustrating that institutional fit of SHRM was not a myth and should not be neglected. However, successful banks partly overcame high institutional predetermination: they recognized and utilized lack of coherence in the institutional system; therefore, institutional barriers became advantageous for them. Originality/value: The research shifted from a traditional positivist perspective with its practice-based approach to the interpretivist perspective, treating SHRM as a combination of three latent referent standards. It allowed shifting from the ongoing debate about what form of SHRM has higher influence on performance, intended or perceived; and about operationalizing its variety. Research implications: The results contribute to a wide range of research in Strategic Human Resource Management. The context plays illustrative role, thus findings can be tested outside the banking industry and Russian institutional environment. |
| Keywords: | HIWS, HCWS, HPWS, HRM, SHRM, Russia, emerging markets, banking, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15107&r=all |
| By: | Hasanov, Shavkat; Sanaev, Golib |
| Abstract: | Nonfarm employment plays an important role in absorbing unemployment in rural areas of developing countries. The agricultural transition in Uzbekistan followed by structural transformations in the economy changed the rural economy. Although farm restructuring and farm optimization policies led to agricultural growth, they had a negative impact on rural employment. The government of Uzbekistan promoted many policies to create jobs within the country. A presidential decree launched the State Program on Rural Development and Well-being in 2009, which played a crucial role in developing the economic and social infrastructure of rural areas. Small business and private entrepreneurship were given priority to absorb the rising unemployment, especially in rural areas. Against this background, the paper studies non-farm employment trends in rural areas of Samarkand region. In particular, we explore the main drivers of non-farm business development and its impact on rural employment in the Samarkand region. The main employment trends in rural areas of Samarkand region are described using statistical data. We also explore migration trends in Uzbekistan and Samarkand regions. A survey was conducted with 34 mahallas' (community) chairpersons and representatives to better analyze the intersectoral and international migration of the agricultural workforce. Although remittances are crucial in poverty alleviation of Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan, the economic crisis in 2008-2009 in Russia cast a shadow on the further prospects of migration. We show how the development of non-agricultural business in the Samarkand region increased the incomes of the rural population. The agro-processing sector plays a vital role in creating clusters based on the agro-industrial complex, which in turn will create more opportunities for employment in rural areas of the country. |
| Keywords: | Employment,the Rural Nonfarm Economy (RNFE),Non-Agricultural Business,Rural Area,Samarkand Region |
| JEL: | P41 J60 J68 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:176&r=all |
| By: | Ermolaeva, L.; Freixanet, J.; Panibratov, A. |
| Abstract: | Exporters' advantages have been discussed in the literature for many decades. Scholars report positive influence of export on firm'’ productivity, efficiency, innovativeness etc. However different contexts suggest different outcomes of the exporting activity. The aim of this study is to analyze the interplay between firms' absorptive capacity, export orientation and innovation strategy of Russian firms. We argue that for Russian firms developed absorptive capacity is an essential antecedent of exporting capacity. Moreover absorptive capacity not only affects firms’ export strategies but is affected itself by export and innovation strategy of the firm. We test our hypotheses using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The data was collected by survey of Russian exporters. Total sample accounts 107 observations. |
| Keywords: | internationalization, export, innovation,, absorptive capacity, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15108&r=all |
| By: | Konstantins Benkovskis (Bank of Latvia); Jaan Masso (University of Tarty); Olegs Tkacevs (Bank of Latvia); Priit Vahter (University of Tartu); Naomitsu Yashiro (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of export entry on productivity, employment and wages of Latvian and Estonian firms in the context of global value chains (GVCs). Like in many countries, exporting firms in Latvia and Estonia are more productive, larger, pay higher wages and are more capital-intensive than non-exporting firms. While this is partly because firms that are originally more productive and have better performances are more likely to enter exports, Latvian and Estonian firms also realise more than 23% and 14% higher labour productivity level respectively as the result of export entry. Export entry also increases employment and average wages. Gains in productivity and employment are particularly large when firms enter exports that are related to participation in knowledge-intensive activities found in the upstream of GVCs. For instance, Latvian firms that start exporting intermediate goods or non-transport services (which include knowledge-intensive services) enjoy significantly higher productivity gains than those starting to export final goods or transport services. These findings underscore the importance of innovation policies that strengthen firms' capabilities to supply highly differentiated knowledge-intensive goods and services to GVCs. |
| Keywords: | productivity, global value chain, exports, Latvia, Estonia |
| JEL: | F12 F14 O19 O57 |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ltv:wpaper:201803&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Every year the Center of the Economics for Continuing Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public administration monitors the youth labor market problems. This article uses fieldwork collected in the three regions of the Russian Federation in 2017 to explore youth informal employment. The aim of the investigation was a study of the reasons and the consequences of youth informal job. |
| Keywords: | Monitoring, youth employment, informal job |
| JEL: | J62 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:101801&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Every year the Center of the Economics for Continuing Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public administration monitors the youth labor market problems. This article uses fieldwork collected in the three regions of the Russian Federation in 2016 - 2017 to explore youth perception of jobs. The aim of the investigation was a study of career development of youth, youth professional development. |
| Keywords: | Monitoring, youth employment, youth professional development |
| JEL: | J62 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:071804&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Tokareva, Galina (Токарева, Галина) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Every year the Center of the Economics for Continuing Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public administration monitors the efficiency of school education. Within the framework of monitoring a sociological survey of the parents of students, teachers and school principals is conducted in the regions of the Russian Federation differentiated according to the criteria of socio-economic development. This issue presents the results of a survey of parents of students and teachers in 2014–2017, revealing their attitude towards the organization of the educational process, the state final attestation, the formation of educational strategies for schoolchildren. |
| Keywords: | MONITORING, EFFICIENCY OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN, FINAL ATTESTATION OF STUDENTS |
| JEL: | I21 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:061834&r=all |
| By: | Klyachko, Tatiana (Клячко, Татьяна) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Avraamova, Elena (Авраамова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Loginov, Dmitriy (Логинов, Дмитрий) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Polushkina, Elena (Полушкина, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Semionova, Elena (Семионова, Елена) (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Every year the Center of the Economics for Continuing Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public administration monitors the youth labor market problems. This article uses fieldwork collected in the three regions of the Russian Federation in 2017 to explore the youth mobility. The aim of the investigation was a study of the characteristics of mobile lifestyle perceived by the youth. |
| Keywords: | Monitoring, youth employment, youth labor mobility |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:031839&r=all |
| By: | Igumnova, Lyudmila |
| Abstract: | The paper explores Russia-related official statements and press releases of the European External Action Service (EEAS), as well as speeches of the European Union's two High Representatives for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy posted on the website of the service in the period of 2010-2017. The goal of the analysis is to distinguish the elements of normative, soft and transformative power in the EU's official communications with Moscow and to specify what type of power and influence the EU tries to exercise in Russia. Quantitative text analysis of the EEAS documents was carried out for this purpose. The results obtained demonstrate that the EEAS communications towards Russia are limited to a narrow range of problems; the principles of the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms dominate in its dialogue with Moscow. Criticizing mainly violations of legal norms, the European External Action Service positions itself as a normative actor, promoting a normative agenda in the country. The elements of soft and transformative power are very scarcely represented. The problem of the EU's normative impact is beyond the scope of this paper. |
| Keywords: | European Union,Russia,European External Action Service,Russia-EU relations,Normative Power |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ekhdps:318&r=all |
| By: | Pleshkova, A.; Grinberg, E. |
| Abstract: | The article is devoted to the identification of key features of training specialists in knowledge management and systematization of information sources available to them. The relevance of the subject is related to the growing need for managerial personnel, capable of organizing work with knowledge at the enterprise in order to achieve competitive advantages. The study examined the definitions associated with the management of knowledge in the foreign and domestic literature, analyzed the number of subjects taught in Russian specialized universities, revealed the predominance of non-formal education over education in universities. The phenomenon of teaching knowledge management within the framework of such related disciplines as information technology and personnel management has been studied. The article also systematizes the trends in which knowledge management projects are implemented. Based on the above specifics, it is suggested that the main driver of the development of non-formal education in this area is the entrepreneurial initiative of experts. The directions in which the contribution of Russian science to the development of knowledge management as a discipline is manifested to a special extent are noted. Such are the spheres of intellectual capital and information technologies. The article will be of interest to researchers and practitioners whose professional interests lie in the field of knowledge management. In conclusion, ways of improving education systems in higher education institutions and non-formal education are proposed to increase the competence of all specialists who work in the field of knowledge management. |
| Keywords: | knowledge management, knowledge manager, education, lifelong learning, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15117&r=all |
| By: | Alleman, James |
| Abstract: | Free!! Google and Facebook!!! We all know them, what to worry about? Everything! The giants of the internet are expanding into every corner of the economy, politics and our lives. They control the majority of digital advertising; Alphabet, Google's parent, and Facebook receive more than 60 percent of digital advertising revenue (Media Buying 2017); Google controls over 90 percent of search on the web (Statcounter 2017); Facebook and Google represent 40% of consumption of digital content (Economist 2017c). Facebook dominates the social media market (Galloway 2017, p. 96); Amazon has nearly 40 percent of online Xmas sales and is destroying the traditional retail outlets (Galloway 2017, p. 28). Apple earns over 90 percent of smart phone profits, although it has less than 20 percent of the market (Galloway 2017, p. 75). This paper will examine the threat to social order and democracy posed by Facebook and Google, as well as others in the internet space. Facebook, and Google have control over what information and news we receive though "black‐box" algorithms; they select what "we need." In addition, these platforms have not taken significant measures to address "fake‐news", bots, trolls, or other malicious software on the internet. Indeed, they make money off the proliferation of this misinformation. For example, even by its own calculation, "Facebook has estimated that Russian content on its network, including posts and paid ads, reached 126 million Americans, around 40% of the nation's population." (Economist 2017c) Up to 60 million Facebook accounts are fake, according to its own estimate (Shane and Isaac 2017). And according to the Economist (2017c), in the United States' presidential campaign, one out of every five political messages was posted by robots (bots) on Twitter. FANGs have a business models which encourages this type of practice (Shane and Isaac 2017). These models are designed to maximize growth and maintain users. Thus, they involve easy sign up, lack of verification of authenticity; and only, reluctantly, if at all, closing accounts with significant cause (Shane and Isaac 2017, Zittrain 2014). This paper will examine these issues in depth. |
| Keywords: | Advertising,Antitrust Policy,Democracy,Elections,Propaganda ICT,Internet Platforms,Political Economy |
| JEL: | K21 L1 L2 L4 L5 L9 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb18:190349&r=all |
| By: | Ivakina, A.; Zenkevich, N. |
| Abstract: | The paper is devoted to development of a working capital management model providing optimal levels of working capital to all individual business partners operating under the liquidity and return constraints through collaborative actions of capital reallocation along the supply chain. As such, we suggest the tool of working optimization through financial terms and cash flows verified on Russian collaborative supply chain data. Mathematical modeling is suggested as a method to upgrade existing collaborative cash conversion cycle model by optimizing it in terms of total financial costs minimization for a three-stage supply chain in the context of constrained liquidity and specified target return levels. The application of the suggested optimization model to focal supply chain provided significant acceleration of individual cash conversion cycles and investments in working capital by combining the extension of days of accounts payable, reduction in days of inventories and reduction in days of accounts receivable in different proportions for supply chain participants. The theoretical contribution consists of integrating collaboration and working capital concepts, adding a holistic perspective to extant working capital management models. The suggested model illustrates financially the motivation of supply chain partners to cooperate in order to simultaneously achieve target levels of WC investments and improve individual financial performance through collaborative operations. |
| Keywords: | Working capital management, Cash conversion cycle, Collaboration, Financial supply chain management, Profitability and liquidity tradeoff, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15110&r=all |
| By: | Kiselyova, Maria (Киселева, Мария) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Maksimova, Polina (Максимова, Полина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Riabova, Tatiana (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article deals with the technology of distance courses creating by the employees of the Electronic Educational Technologies Sector of the Department of Information Systems and Automation, the North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA. The detailed experience of content downloading into the LMS-system ≪1C: E-learning. Educational organization≫, both lecture material, and test tasks are stated. |
| Keywords: | distance educational technologies, preparatory courses, LMS-system |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111806&r=all |
| By: | Ludmila Fadejeva (Bank of Latvia); Janis Lapins (Bank of Latvia); Liva Zorgenfreija (Bank of Latvia) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an overview of the main results of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey in Latvia, which was conducted in 2014 and collected responses from 2 814 individuals (1 202 households). Unique data on household wealth, including their assets and liabilities, as well as income and consumption were gathered. The data this survey collects are representative of the population, and the survey is to be carried out regularly to study aggregate and distributional changes in household budgets, wealth components and inequality over time. The survey results show that households in Latvia, in comparison with those in the euro area, have much higher ownership rates of the most important household asset – the main residence (76% vs. 61% respectively). However, the median value of this asset and of total assets is markedly lower than in the euro area. On the liabilities side, only one third of Latvian households have outstanding debt – one of the lowest readings among euro area countries. Taking all components of a household balance sheet together, the median net wealth of households in Latvia is 14 200 euro, which is more than seven times smaller than that of euro area households. While the largest net wealth holdings in the euro area are owned by the households where the reference person is at a pre-retirement age, it is the young households (especially the group aged 35–44) in Latvia that own the largest amounts of net wealth and earn the highest median income. |
| Keywords: | household finance and consumption survey, Latvia, assets, liabilities, net wealth, financial fragility, income, consumption |
| JEL: | D14 D31 E21 |
| Date: | 2018–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ltv:dpaper:201801&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | At the request of the Republic of Uzbekistan authorities for technical assistance (TA) on external sector statistics (ESS), and with the support of the Middle East and Central Asia Department (MCD) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a mission from the IMF Statistics Department (STA) visited Tashkent from November 20 through December 1, 2017. This was the first TA mission on ESS since the Republic of Uzbekistan Presidential Order of September 12, 2017, “On Measures to Ensure the Accessibility and Openness of Economic and Financial Data for the Republic of Uzbekistan” was issued. |
| Keywords: | Middle East;Uzbekistan; |
| Date: | 2018–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:18/326&r=all |
| By: | Ermakov, Sergey (Ермаков, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Riabova, Tatiana (Рябова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article considers the current state of the information space of the North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA. The key development directions of the unified information space of the Institute based on the new information technologies application are defined. |
| Keywords: | single information space, university, informational support of education, server, virtual computer |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111803&r=all |
| By: | Wales, W.; Shirokova, G.; Bogatyreva, K.; Germain, R. |
| Abstract: | Since its emergence, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has grown in prominence to represent a central concept in corporate entrepreneurship. Despite the importance of EO, in-sufficient attention has been devoted to EO in emerging markets and transitional economies. In this paper, we examine the international exposure of managers within an emerging market context as a driver of their firms’ EO formation as well other potentially impactful forces such as foreign competition growth in their domestic market and the level of involvement into in-ternational economic activity within the region where the firm operates. We explore the focal relationships using a sample of 769 manufacturing firms from Russia, a BRIC country that has received very little attention within the literature on corporate entrepreneurship in general and EO in particular. Our findings indicate importance of managerial international exposure and industry foreign competition growth in the process of EO formation. At the same time, the former is shown to be a context-specific EO driver. Implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurial orientation, international exposure, regional involvement into international economic activity, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15121&r=all |
| By: | Daniele Checchi; Andrej Cupak; Teresa Munzi; Janet Gornick |
| Abstract: | This study presents new empirical results, using microdata from the LIS database, on development patterns in economic inequality for a set of countries that are less covered in the empirical literature, mostly due to the lack of appropriate data. After discussing the main challenges when harmonizing income and consumption microdata from middle-income countries, we focus on Brazil, China, India, Russia, and South Africa, in a comparative perspective, and we compare them with a selection of benchmark middle- and high-income countries. We also run country-level regressions to correlate the inequality measures with selected macroeconomic indicators. |
| Keywords: | economic development, equality, Luxembourg Income Study, middle-income countries, survey data |
| JEL: | D31 D63 O1 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lis:liswps:756&r=all |
| By: | Sokolov, D.; Zavyalova, E. |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the moderating role of knowledge management strategies of codification and personalization in "HRM – intellectual capital – firm performance" relationship. A survey data from 209 knowledge-intensive companies from Russia demonstrated that knowledge management strategy significantly alters the relationship between company’s HRM practices, intellectual capital and performance. In particular, we found that the more company is oriented towards codification knowledge management strategy, the stronger the positive HRM-performance relationship and the stronger the mediating effect of intellectual capital. However, analyzing decomposed variables of HRM (ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing and opportunity enhancing) and specific intellectual capital resources (human, social and structural capitals), we found little support to the moderating role of knowledge management strategies in proposed relationships. The paper provides a valuable contribution strategic HRM literature and knowledge-based theory of the firm. |
| Keywords: | human resource management, knowledge management strategies, intellectual capital, HRM practices, knowledge-intensive firms, Russia, |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:wpaper:15119&r=all |
| By: | Szabolcs Nagy |
| Abstract: | We live in the Digital Age in which both economy and society have been transforming significantly. The Internet and the connected digital devices are inseparable parts of our daily life and the engine of the economic growth. In this paper, first I analyzed the status of digital economy and society in Hungary, then compared it with Ukraine and made conclusions regarding the future development tendencies. Using secondary data provided by the European Commission I investigated the five components of the Digital Economy and Society Index of Hungary. I performed cross country analysis to find out the significant differences between Ukraine and Hungary in terms of access to the Internet and device use including smartphones, computers and tablets. Based on my findings, I concluded that Hungary is more developed in terms of the significant parameters of the digital economy and society than Ukraine, but even Hungary is an emerging digital nation. Considering the high growth rate of Internet, tablet and smartphone penetration in both countries, I expect faster progress in the development of the digital economy and society in Hungary and Ukraine. |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1901.00283&r=all |
| By: | Ermakov, Sergey (Ермаков, Сергей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Riabova, Tatiana (Рябова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article describes the automation of monitoring of efficiency of activity of employees with the use of performance indicators formed on the basis of the decomposition of professional standards, as a compre¬hensive solution to the performance assessment of employees on the basis of key performance indicators (KPIs) and the AV-automated process monitoring. The authors developed the system is an application solution on the platform "1C: Enterprise 8.3" with a single data¬base is implemented on a modular principle and consists of the following subsystems: a subsystem for acquisition, processing and data loading, data storage subsystem, the subsystem for the formation and visualization of the reporting subsystem integration. The main users are state institutions and commercial organizations seeking to increase their own efficiency by aligning the current performance of the business processes with the planned values and the application of the system of evaluation of achievement of goals at any level: the employee-Department-institution (a commercial organization). |
| Keywords: | Information technology 1C; labor Economics; corporate governance; innovation; professional standards; auto¬mation of management; employees rated. |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111802&r=all |
| By: | Riabova, Tatiana (Рябова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Tsaplin, Oleg (Цаплин, Олег) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article deals with the experience of developing integration mechanisms for the interaction of the automation systems of the administrative Institute activities with the Automated Management System of RANEPA. The description of the integration mechanisms complex is given; problems of construction and development directions are considered. |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111805&r=all |
| By: | Hasanova, Savia (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | While financial inclusion is considered one of the key drivers of development today, it is quite new to the Kyrgyz Republic. The Kyrgyz Republic attempted to introduce the notion of financial inclusion after a violent power shift in 2010. The economy experienced an overall decline, the banking sector shrank, and financial intermediation slowed down. The National Bank introduced a number of regulatory measures to tighten the supervision of the financial sector and increase consumer protection. Some of the efforts have worked well: the banking sector has rebounded, savings have been mobilized, and financial markets have started developing. However, national development patterns, such as unstable economic growth, a high poverty rate, and weak governance are the key vulnerabilities for increasing inclusivity of financial products and services. Income inequality, especially when comparing rural versus urban areas, is substantial and restricts access to financial services for the rural population. Small and medium-sized enterprises face barriers for getting sufficient financing because of high collateral requirements. The population has a low level of financial literacy and is reluctant to use modern financial services. Our analysis suggests an urgent need for consolidated efforts to include more people and businesses into financial activities, mobilize their savings, and improve access to credit. |
| Keywords: | financial inclusion; financial institutions; government policy and regulation; economic development; financial markets; saving and capital investment; financial literacy; personal savings |
| JEL: | A20 D04 G02 G21 G28 O16 |
| Date: | 2018–07–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0850&r=all |
| By: | Riabova Tatiana (Рябова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Kashina Marina (Кашина, Марина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Transformation of postgraduate programs into the third level of higher education actualizes issues of organizational and methodological support of the educational process of preparing of highly qualified personnel. 01.09.2015 the majority of the Federal State Educational Standards, which regulate higher education of the third level, have been enacted. It requires a fundamental restructuring of existing curricula, educational programs, creation of new forms of final certification. At the same time, the question about the distinctions between the second (Masters) and the third (postgraduate) levels of higher education remains open. From the author’s point of view, this distinction is not a formal, but it is the essential. This distinction be generated by differences in the tasks that need to be addressed at each of these levels. One level does not automatically replaces another. We can not say that the post-graduate student — is an improved Master’s. Masters of the economy should be able to manage the economic process, and “Researchers. Teachers-researchers “in” Economy “should be able to explore the fundamental and applied problems in various areas of the economy. This means that people who successfully complete the master’s degree does not automatically become a good researcher and a lecturer, but he (she) will be successful as a practices (manager). This hypothesis is tested the authors by comparing the Federal State Educational Standards postgraduate education and master. In particular, they compare the main characteristics of professional activity, the professional competences and the requirements for the final qualifying work of undergraduates and graduate students. |
| Keywords: | postgraduate education, high school, master’s education, professional competences, the Federal State Educational Standards |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111801&r=all |
| By: | Murtazaev, Olim |
| Keywords: | land reform,shirkat farms,cooperatives,individual farms,dekhkans,agricultural cooperative |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:178&r=all |
| By: | Zykov, Alexander (Зыков, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Riabova, Tatiana (Рябова, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)); Tsaplin, Oleg (Цаплин, Олег) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The article examines the experience of creating and using of automated electronic testing system in electronic form. The focus of the article is on the topical issues of qualitative assessment of applicants and students’ level of knowledge. |
| Keywords: | electronic testing system, entrance and intermediate tests,“1C: E-learning”, LMS-system |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:111807&r=all |