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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Zaruk, Natalia; Tikhonova, Anna; Lukina, Valentina |
| Abstract: | In the framework of this study, the authors developed and tested a methodology for assessing tax control in Russia as one of the main instruments of tax monitoring. We analyzed the dynamics of the increase in tax revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation due to the intensive work of tax authorities in the regions, which consists in automating the mechanisms of tax administration. We conducted a typification of the regions of Russia in terms of the level and quality of tax control. |
| Keywords: | Tax control, tax monitoring, typical grouping, ratio of checks and additional charges |
| JEL: | C44 H2 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83418&r=cis |
| By: | Zaruk, Natalia; Tikhonova, Anna; Sergeev, Artur |
| Abstract: | Subject.World globalization, the integration of the international economic system, the active development of transnational corporations, which are the distinguishing feature of the global economy of the XXI century, are subjected to national financial system to risks of different quality, and the Russian Federation in this aspect are no exception.In addition, transformation of the economy accelerates significantly in the last decade, which is inevitably accompanied by financial crises.Inthisconnectionespecially important is the "point" plan of the financial system, based on econometric modeling of its indicators and are therefore more flexible and adaptive. PurposeofArticle.The purpose of research is the construction of an econometric model to determine the specific values of the financial system indicators for the rationalization of Russian fiscal policy. Methodology.In this work, we used the classic techniques of analysis of statistical science and econometrics: correlation analysis, regression analysis, time series analysis. Using comparative methods, we reviewed scientific approaches to the treatment of financial system indicators. Results. We defined the essence, the concept of indicators of the financial system, by which we called the credit expansion of commercial banks and prices in the asset market. Econometric model, which allows to determine the specific values of indicators of the financial system for the rationalization of Russia's financial policy, has been determined. The coefficient of determination of the constructed model was 54.56% (r = 0.74). This indicates a high proportion of asset price variations caused by variation of loans economy. The statistical accuracy of the model was proved using Student's test, Fisher test and Lyuinga – Boxing test. In the final part of the study, suggestions are made for getting out of the stagflation trap and stimulating the growth of the Russian economy. Field of Application.The results of the research can be used for financial planning and forecasting, as well as in determining priority directions of developmentof the Russian financial system. Conclusions.We concluded that an increase in lending, the Russian economy will have a real chance of accelerating social and economic development. |
| Keywords: | credit expansion, market assets, indicators, financial system, modeling. |
| JEL: | E6 G2 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83416&r=cis |
| By: | Gimpelson, Vladimir (CLMS, Higher School of Economics, Moscow); Kapeliushnikov, Rostislav (CLMS, Higher School of Economics, Moscow) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with age and educational dimensions of the labour supply in Russia and explores two time periods: from 2000 to 2015 (retrospective), and the next 15 years (prospective). For our analysis we exploit the micro-census (2015) data and all LFS waves covering the retrospective period. Combining demographic projections with expected employment rates and data on educational achievement we forecast the employment composition up to 2030. If recent past changes in both age and education have contributed to economic growth, their effect is likely to be negative in the next 15 years. These two dimensions are directly associated with such challenges as ageing and over-education of the labour force. Russia is not unique here, but it is more exposed to both dimensions than are many other countries due to its demographic and educational developments. The paper concludes with several tentative policies that could ease, although not cure, the problem. |
| Keywords: | over-education, employment, education, age, aging, Russia |
| JEL: | J11 J21 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11126&r=cis |
| By: | ISKAKOV, Aziz |
| Abstract: | This article is intended to fill the gap in the scientific literature, which consists of a low level of scrutiny and the absence of papers analyzing the development of an open government institution through the prism of Kazakhstan's involvement in international projects and initiatives in this field. The article analyzes critically the works of Kazakhstani, Russian and foreign authors, reviews of Kazakhstan's country indicators in international rankings in fields of information technology, open data, open government and transparency of the public budget. The author also presents the results of the analysis of the role of the open government in the documents of the strategic planning system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of the research showed the lack of a strategic vision of an open government institution and the need to study the extent to which international experience is applicable in Kazakhstan's realities. This article is the first of a series of papers on the Kazakhstan open government. |
| Keywords: | open government, open data, open budget, transparency, open government data, e-government, Kazakhstan |
| JEL: | O38 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83381&r=cis |
| By: | ISHIKAWA Yoshimichi |
| Abstract: | It has been a generally accepted practice of World Trade Organization (WTO) Members, including Japan, to prohibit the importation of relevant products from the entire territory of an export country where an outbreak of animal infectious diseases occurs. Later on, upon the request from the exporting country to recognize disease-free areas within its territory and restart the imports therefrom, the importing country is required, in accordance with the idea of "regionalization" regulated by Article 6 of the SPS Agreement, to conduct a risk assessment, and restart the imports from the certain areas determined as disease-free under certain conditions. In the present dispute, when the African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreaks were confirmed in Lithuania on January 24, 2014, Russia immediately placed the ban on the importation of pig-related products from the entire European Union (EU), including unaffected EU member States ("EU-wide ban"). Thus, this paper will analyze the issue as to how much the idea and function of regionalization regulated under Article 6 of the SPS Agreement has been clarified through the recent case law, including the present dispute, as well as India-Avian Influenza (DS430) and US-Animals (DS447). |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rpdpjp:17034&r=cis |
| By: | Dumnov, Aleksandr; Kharitonova, Anna |
| Abstract: | The article gives a statistical analysis of the size, condition and quality of agricultural land for the years 1990 -2014, evaluated the impact on them of economic activities and results of the federal program. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, agricultural lands, destruction area, yield. |
| JEL: | Q15 Q56 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83409&r=cis |
| By: | Sofia N. Paklina (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Mariia A. Molodchik (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Carlos Jardon (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores strategic behavior of Russian companies with regard to intangible resources and its link to different types of performance. Additionally, the study addresses the question, whether companies in intangible-intensive profiles have specific characteristics in terms of industry, size, company age and type of ownership. Following intellectual capital view, the study provides a cluster analysis considering four attributes: human resources, innovative capabilities, information and communications technology (ICT) capabilities and relational capital. Analysis of more than 1,000 Russian public companies over the period 2004-2014 reveals three profiles of strategic behavior considering the employment of intellectual resources. The majority of Russian public companies (60%) follow the non-intensive intangible strategy. Only 13% of companies constitute the intangible-intensive profile having endowment of all intellectual resources higher than the sample average. The rest 27% of companies also persuade the intangible-intensive strategy with the focus on innovative capabilities |
| Keywords: | intangibles, intellectual capital, strategy, strategic group, cluster analysis, Russian companies, performance |
| JEL: | L10 O30 G30 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:57man2017&r=cis |
| By: | Ulza, Emaridial; Semenovna, Selevich Tatyana; Wijiharjono, Nuryadi; Zulpahmi, Zulpahmi; Zamzany, Faizal Ridwan |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of synchromarketing strategies and Ansoff matrix in increasing the company's revenue during the seasonal market. The case studies carried out in Tomsk Garden Group Russia Ltd that provides landscape design services and has a lot of demand in the summer, especially during June and July. However, demand for landscape design services fell during the winter. In this paper, using descriptive qualitative methods and survey questions to consumers for increasing revenue at the seasonal market. The results of this case showed that synchromarketing and Ansoff matrix can help companies increase revenue. |
| Keywords: | Seasonal market, Market, Syncromarketing, Revenue, Landscape design |
| JEL: | M2 M21 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83372&r=cis |
| By: | Olga Lyashevkaya (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Irina Panteleeva (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a Universal Dependencies (UD) annotation scheme for a learner English corpus. The REALEC dataset consists of essays written in English by Russian-speaking university students in the course of general English. The essays are a part of students' preparation for the independent final examination similar to the international English exam. While adjusting existing dependency parsing tools to a learner data, one has to take into account to what extent students' mistakes provoke errors in the parser output. The ungrammatical and stylistically inappropriate utterances may challenge parsers' algorithms trained on grammatically appropriate written texts. In our experiments, we compared the output of the dependency parser UDPipe (trained on UD-English 2.0) with the results of manual parsing, placing a particular focus on parses of ungrammatical English clauses. We show how mistakes made by students influence the work of the parser. Overall, UDPipe performed reasonably well (UAS 92.9, LAS 91.7). The following cases cause the errors in automatic annotation a) incorrect detection of a head, b) incorrect detection of the relation type, as well as c) both. We propose some solutions which could improve the automatic output and thus make the assessment of syntactic complexity more reliable. |
| Keywords: | learner corpus, dependency annotation of learner treebank, Universal Dependencies, evaluation of parser quality, L2 English. |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:62/lng/2017&r=cis |
| By: | Tamar Khitarishvili |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to examine the patterns and movements of the gender pay gaps in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and to place them in the context of advanced economies. We survey over 30 publications and conduct a meta-analysis of this literature. Gender pay gaps in the region are considerable and above the levels observed in advanced economies. Similar to advanced economies, industrial and occupational segregation widens the gaps in the FSU countries, whereas gender differences in educational attainment tend to shrink them. However, a much higher proportion of the gaps remain unexplained, pointing toward the role of unobserved gender differences related to actual and perceived productivity. Over the last 25 years, the gaps contracted in most FSU countries, primarily due to the reduction in the unexplained portion. Underlying the contraction at the mean are different movements in the gap across the pay distribution. Although the glass-ceiling effect has diminished in some FSU countries, it has persisted in others. We investigate the reasons underlying these findings and argue that the developments in the FSU region shed new light on our understanding of the gender pay gaps. |
| Keywords: | Gender Pay Gap; Former Soviet Union; Meta-analysis |
| JEL: | J16 J31 P2 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_899&r=cis |
| By: | Ekaterina Lyamina (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The topics explored in this essay include Ivan Andreevich Krylov’s reading practices in his young and mature years, reconstructed on the basis of various sources. The paper recontextualizes Krylov’s unique reading trajectory not always comprehensible for his contemporaries. It also highlights numerous links, not accentuated earlier, between Krylov’s strategies — in life, writing and publishing — and his service as a librarian in the Imperial Public Library of St. Petersburg. The analysis of several situations showing Krylov as a brilliant reciter of his own texts who smartly deals with expectations and obsessions of his audience allows to affirms the existence a special connection, of his personality, considerably mythologized due to his own efforts, the literary genre of fable and the status of classical writer obtained by Krylov by 1830. Sub specie of this connection the transformations of the circle of Krylov’s readers are represented, as well as different ways of perception of his fables by children |
| Keywords: | Ivan Krylov; reading in Russia, 1780—1840s; national canon |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:25/ls/2017&r=cis |
| By: | Ozcan Saritas (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Derrick Ababio Anim (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates trends in Foresight and establishes how the changing global landscape has affected the Foresight activities over the last decade. The strategies these countries have adopted to counter the effects and make the best of these changes have also been examined. Key issues discussed in the paper cover the drivers of the trends in the past and next decade and their future implications for Foresight. The study identifies trends in Foresight through case studies. Five leading countries in Foresight have been selected for analysis including Finland, the UK, Germany, Japan and Russia. A set of indicators have been designed for the purpose of benchmarking national Foresight activities of these five countries. Among the indicators are: the contextual landscape, scope of the exercise, regularity of using Foresight for policy formulation, funding mechanisms, scale of participation as well as use and implementation. The results of the study show that, Foresight activities have changed in content, context and process over the last ten years. First, Foresight has moved from large scale national activities and become narrower in scope with attempts to focus on specific grand challenges, sectors or technologies. Second, in the quest to provide a broader picture of the social environment within which the results of the study will be implemented in order to ensure robust STI policy, Foresight exercises have become more extensive by involving more social stakeholders and expert consultations. Also, technological applications have shortened the entire Foresight process as new tools have been created for gathering and processing data, eliciting opinions, and disseminating them widely. This is a result of more intensive use of technologies and electronic platforms for the purpose of Foresight studies. Recent Foresight literature lacks a comprehensive overview of the changing landscape of policy making, motivations for organizing Foresight activities and processes of implementing Foresight. The present study aims to fill this gap with a holistic analysis of the context, content and process of Foresight activities in the past 10 years, and discusses possible transformations in the next 10 years. |
| Keywords: | Foresight, science and technology, science technology and innovation policy |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:77sti2017&r=cis |