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on Confederation of Independent States |
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Issue of 2017‒02‒05
eighteen papers chosen by |
| By: | Ivanov, Oleg (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch) |
| Abstract: | In the context of development of a critical situation in economics of the Russian Federation the article shows growth of macroeconomic disproportion, resulting from outrunning salary growth in relation to labor productivity. Further development of this tendency may result in a loss of economic stability and social stability of some regions and in the Russia Federation in general. |
| Keywords: | the Russia Federation, region, labor productivity, salary, disproportion of growth, economics, loss of stability, socio-economical results |
| JEL: | J0 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1609&r=cis |
| By: | Alexander D. Gromov (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | In Russia, resources available for higher education institutions (HEIs) have been reduced while the expectations of their results have grown. This raises questions about the efficiency of Russian HEIs and the factors influencing it. In this paper, estimations of the efficiency of Russian HEIs for the 2012/13-2014/15 academic years and its determinants are presented. Ratios of weighted outputs and weighted inputs constructed with data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used as the HEIs efficiency measure. Total financial resources of HEIs are used as the input and measures of education and research results are used as the outputs. For the analysis of changes in efficiency the Malmquist index is used. The relation between efficiency scores and the characteristics of HEIs are investigated using a Tobit regression. This research is based on data about 120 public HEIs collected from various sources. The results show that the potential for an increase in the efficiency still remains. An outward shift of the efficiency frontier, i.e. a technological improvement, was found. According to estimations, most institutions operate at decreasing returns to scale and reducing their size will increase their efficiency. However, the substantial growth of the number of HEIs with increasing returns to scale implies that the policy of resource consolidation could be a reasonable response to current challenges. A positive relationship between HEIs efficiency and the diversification of fields of study was revealed. |
| Keywords: | higher education, efficiency analysis, data envelopment analysis, returns to scale, Malmquist index. |
| JEL: | I21 I22 I23 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:40edu2017&r=cis |
| By: | Zyryanov, Sergey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch); Ivanov, Oleg (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch); Gordeyev, Sergey (Chelyabinsk State University, Leading Researcher, Head of Research and Education Center of the Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and CSU); Podoprigora, Aleksandr (Consulting Company “Expert Advice”) |
| Abstract: | The entering of trends of GDP (GRP) growth rate, salary rate and inflation to the zone of stagflation is discovered on the base of study of the system “real economy (production) – market environment – society” in Russia and Chelyabinsk region. These trends provoke new risks for social and economic development. The criteria characterizing the occurrence of conditions to economic instability with attributes of stagflation is formulated. The list of new social and economic risks in stagflation conditions is presented; and the problems of compromise priorities in regional anti-crisis measures for economic stabilization and reconstruction are described by the authors. |
| Keywords: | Management, Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk region, social and economic development, GDP, GRP, salary, inflation, stagflation, dynamics, analysis, trend, crisis, risks, priorities, anti-crisis measures |
| JEL: | O0 R0 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1605&r=cis |
| By: | Butorina, Olga (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates economic growth in Chelyabinsk region using innovation activity as the main criteria. Using the data published by the Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation we analyze dynamics of the innovation index and its sub-indices in Chelyabinsk region in the period from 2000 to 2012. We perform comprehensive comparison study of dynamics of innovation activity between Chelyabinsk region and other regions in the Ural Federal District employing variety of indicators and identifying leaders and outsiders. Based on analysis of dynamics of the innovation index, indicators of scientific and technological capacities as well as number of innovative companies and innovative products, we conclude that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive overhaul of innovation policies in Chelyabinsk Region. |
| Keywords: | innovation, innovation activity, index of innovation, statistical analysis, statistical report, regional economics |
| JEL: | O0 R0 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1603&r=cis |
| By: | Golovikhin, Sergey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch); Valetov, Anatoliy (Moscow City Government, Department of External Economic and International Relations) |
| Abstract: | Effective management of competitive advantages of industry-based regional complexes is one of the leading factors of increasing competitiveness of a Russian region. The article considers the model of forming and providing competitive advantages of regional high-tech engineering which is a driver of growth of competitiveness of industrially developed regions. The authors point out internal and external forces of competitive advantages, structure of subjects of forming and providing competitive advantages, functions performed by them. |
| Keywords: | region, competitiveness of a region, competitive advantages, high-tech engineering |
| JEL: | R0 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1607&r=cis |
| By: | Dobrin, Kirill (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration); Zolotareva, Sofia (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | For many years in Russia are trying different ways to increase productivity. Leaders set the new equipment, try to innovate and develop the most effective control system. Often, however, do not achieve the desired effect the performance of the new equipment is much lower than estimated, the output of the production lot of marriage, are not reduced, and production costs. In order to achieve productivity growth in Russia, it should be concerned not only the state, but also every single company. Diagnosing problems, development of methods for increasing productivity and implementing them in practical work is a matter of time-consuming and costly. In this regard, it is necessary to use modern mechanisms for effective motivation. Increase productivity and motivation is not just staff. However, there are mechanisms and models to do this. For example, in our opinion, this may contribute to the concept of lean manufacturing. In all enterprises in the organization of production activities there are losses directly affecting the productivity in the organization and does not benefit the final consumer. Implementation of lean manufacturing for domestic enterprises to identify and reduce the loss of data will improve productivity at the country level. Keywords : productivity, efficiency, lean manufacturing, motivation of personnel, material and technical base, organization of labor, the cost of production. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:p16102&r=cis |
| By: | Lavrentyeva, Irina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch); Natalia Golubeva (South Ural State University (National Research Institute), Zlatoust Branch) |
| Abstract: | In article the alternative mechanism of permission of the main contradiction of the present is offered: between action of a market mechanism of “economic liberalism” and social protection of the motherhood and the childhood which essence is stated in methodology of inclusion of reproductive work in economy of the Russian Federation. |
| Keywords: | reproductive work, parental work, professionalizing of parental work, social protection, institute of training of parents |
| JEL: | J0 |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1604&r=cis |
| By: | Elias Einiö |
| Abstract: | This paper examines changes in the structure of labour demand in plant-level panel data. I exploit variation in wages across local labour markets induced by the collapse of Finland’s Soviet-dependent industry in the early 1990s to identify a labour demand model for plants producing for non-Soviet markets, which were not directly affected by the Soviet shock. I find a labour demand shift against workers in production occupations which accelerates in the 2000s, when industry patterns begin to diverge. Industry heterogeneity suggests that variation in industry structure may partly explain the differential development of wages and employment across countries |
| Keywords: | Labour demand function; occupation; offshoring; manufacturing; panel data; production work; technical change |
| JEL: | F16 J23 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:69019&r=cis |
| By: | Natalia M. Dolgorukova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses the first French critiques of the two Mikhail Bakhtin’s monographs and the careful exploration of these reviews enables to explain why they presented him as a formalist. It also traces the reasons of irrelevance of the thinker’s ideas in the early French reception |
| Keywords: | M.M. Bakhtin, French reviews, Y. Kristeva, Russian formalists |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:17/ls/2016&r=cis |
| By: | Alina Bodrova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The study is focused on narrative specific of Baratynsky’s “unexplained” tale “Persten” (The Ring) in comparison to, on the one hand, the material assembled within the frameworks of HSE project Russkaja Povest 1825–1850, and, on the other, taking into consideration the material of previous period (the first third of the 19th century). Using the research facilities provided by poetics of expressiveness the author describes and defines the functions of different techniques concerning the plot, composition and narrative. The author demonstrates how Baratynsky combines the widespread plots (‘magic ring’, ‘devil in love’, ‘adultery’, etc.) in a very complicated narrative model that diminishes the power of every plotline and deceives readers’ expectations. Using the database of most frequent plots (“Russian Tale, 1825-1850”, 800 texts), the paper compares “Persten” with typical and very rare plot schemes and demonstrates that Baratynsky’s tale manifests the marginal line of Russian fiction which mainstream came to choose another direction. |
| Keywords: | E. A. Baratynsky, Russian tale, evolution of Russian prose of 1825–1850, narrative, plot structure |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:18/ls/2016&r=cis |
| By: | Zhou, Mo; Nelson, Robert |
| Abstract: | This study constructs wage equations according to Mincer earnings function for men and women separately, and the equations are estimated by OLS and Heckman selection regression for eleven developing countries. Our results show that the wage equation estimates for five countries including Ukraine, Sri Lanka, Macedonia Lao and Yunnan, China have the selection bias. Comparing the estimates of female wage equations and male wage equations, we find that better education raise wages for women than men, and women who work as high skill white collar receive more benefits than female. In terms of gender wage gap analysis, we conduct the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for each of countries by the estimates of OLS regression and Heckman regressions. The results reveal a relatively high level of gender wage discrimination in Yunnan province, Macedonia, Sri Lanka and Ukraine. For most of countries, the unexplained wage gap contributes more to the total wage gap, comparing with the explained wage gap. However, this is no strong evidence to show that the wage discrimination is correlated with national economic development. |
| Keywords: | Gender wage gap, Discrimination, Developing countries, Labor and Human Capital, J31, C36, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea17:252727&r=cis |
| By: | Umarov, Khojamahmad |
| Abstract: | Основная цель данной статьи - представить изменения в хлопковом секторе Таджикистана и роль диверсификации в сельском хозяйстве с момента обретения независимости. В первой части данной статьи представлена информация об изменениях в госрегулировании производства хлопка с момента независимости, включая динамику закупочных цен на хлопок-сырец, а также описание особенностей процесса приватизации хлопкоочистительных заводов. Также представлена картина изменений в основных категориях сельскохозяйственных производителей и их вклад в производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, и дано описание организационных изменений, которые произошли в секторах поставки материалов и производственных ресурсов. В следующей части статьи представлены вопросы государственной политики и меры по продовольственной безопасности по основным сельхозкультурам и их влияние на структуру сельского хозяйства. В этом плане дана оценка недавних реформ в сельскохозяйственном секторе, направленных на диверсификацию производства сельскохозяйственных культур; а также отражены вопросы продовольственной безопасности и экспорта сельхозпродукции на новые рынки. |
| Keywords: | продовольственная политика,диверсификация сельского хозяйства,экспортный потенциал,Таджикистан,food policy,agricultural diversification,export potential,Tajikistan |
| JEL: | P41 P47 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:159&r=cis |
| By: | Ichiro Iwasaki (Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University); Satoshi Mizobata (Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University); Alexander A. Muravyev (Department of Economics, Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg, Russia Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a meta-analysis of studies on the effect of ownership on the performance of Russian firms over 20 years of rapid institutional and economic changes. We review 29 studies extracted from the EconLit and Web of Science databases with a total of 877 relevant estimates. We find that the government negatively affects company management regardless of its administrative level. In contrast, private ownership is positively associated with firm performance. The effect size and statistical significance are notably varied among different types of private ownership. While the effect of insider (employee and management) ownership is comparable to that of foreign investors, the effect of domestic outsider investors is considerably smaller. Our assessment of publication selection bias reveals that the existing literature does not contain genuine evidence for a series of ownership types and, therefore, some of the findings have certain limitations. |
| Keywords: | Privatization, Corporate Ownership, Firm Performance, Meta-analysis, Publication Selection Bias, Russia |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kyo:wpaper:955&r=cis |
| By: | Pugach, Igor; Yusupov, Yuliy; Berdinazarov, Zafar |
| Abstract: | В период независимого развития в Узбекистане производство пшеницы достигло восьмикратного роста, в то время как ее посевные площади увеличились почти в три раза. Рост валовых показателей не привел к улучшению качества пшеницы и повышению рентабельности ее производства для фермерских хозяйств. Существующая арендная система землепользователя перегружена дополнительными обязательствами для арендаторов, что снижает их мотивацию. При этом надо иметь в виду, что официальная статистика по производству пшеницы не достоверна. Главный вопрос для сельского хозяйства Узбекистана не в том, какая форма организации сельскохозяйственного производства лучше и не в размерах земельных участков, а в механизме закупок сельскохозяйственной продукции для государственных нужд и гарантиях прав собственности для субъектов сельскохозяйственного производства. Реформы в системе обязательного государственного заказа по хлопку и пшенице могли бы повысить стимулы к эффективному землепользованию у фермеров и расширить их возможности по диверсификации производства за счет увеличения посевов альтернативных культур (плодоовощные, кормовые и пр.), и тем самым увеличить экспортный потенциал сельскохозяйственного сектора. |
| Keywords: | продовольственная политика,система госзаказа,диверсификация сельского хозяйства,экспортный потенциал,Узбекистан,food policy,state procurement system,agricultural diversification,export potential,Uzbekistan |
| JEL: | P41 P47 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:157&r=cis |
| By: | . Zhirova, Galina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | The article considers the debt policy on the example of the Saratov region, analyzes the risks of the debt policy, and reviews the measures for optimization of the debt portfolio. The author developed the proposals to ensure the sustainability of the budget of the Saratov region and to reduce the credit requirements. Keywords : budget deficit, national debt, risks of debt policy, budget loans, commercial loans, restructuring of debt obligations. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:p16104&r=cis |
| By: | Albert S. Kyle (Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland); Anna Obizhaeva (New Economic School) |
| Abstract: | Market microstructure is the subfield of finance and econophysics1 which studies how prices result from the process of trading securities. Large trades move prices2 and incur trading costs. Here we combine dimensional analysis, leverage neutrality, and a principle of market microstructure invariance to derive scaling laws which express transaction costs functions, bid-ask spreads, bet sizes, number of bets, and other financial variables in terms of trading volume and volatility. For example, market liquidity is proportional to the cube root of the ratio of dollar volume to return variance. We illustrate the scaling by showing that bid-ask spreads in Russian stocks indeed scale with the cube root. In addition to being of interest to risk managers and traders, these scaling laws provide scientific benchmarks for evaluating controversial issues related to high frequency trading, market crashes, and liquidity measurement as well as guidelines for designing policies in the aftermath of financial crisis. |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfr:cefirw:w0234&r=cis |
| By: | Ivanov, Oleg (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch); Gordeyev, Sergey (Chelyabinsk State University, Leading Researcher, Head of Research and Education Center of the Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and CSU); Zyryanov, Sergey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chelyabinsk branch) |
| Abstract: | As exemplified by old industrial regions of Ural the authors consider basic trends and specific risks of regional investment policy in the context of up-to-date crisis phenomena. Investment process is presented as a complicated system consisting of several elements each of which has its own laws of development. The authors show changes of significance of national and regional factors of investment process and also essential differences of forming synergy of development in the context of high growth and crisis instability. The problem of optimizing regional investment policy in several interrelated directions is considered. |
| Keywords: | investments, management, region, social and economic development, risks, trend crisis |
| JEL: | R0 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:ch1610&r=cis |
| By: | Aganov, Stanislav; Kepbanov, Yolbars; Ovezmuradov, Gurbanmyrat |
| Abstract: | Данный отчет представляет основные моменты земельной реформы и аграрной реструктуризации в Туркменистане. В первой части отчета основное внимание уделяется описанию хода аграрной реформы с представлением хронологии основных осуществленных мер аграрной политики, а также рассмотрена организация поставки материалов и ресурсов в сельскохозяйственное производство. Центральная часть отчета отведена на описание изменений в структуре посевов, а также динамики развития различных категорий сельскохозяйственных производителей и их вклад в развитие аграрного сектора и продовольственной безопасности страны. Как показывает исследование, земельная реформа и аграрная реструктуризация в стране в целом проводились со значительными функциями государства в регулировании этих процессов. На основе реформирования сельского хозяйства за период с 1992-2013 гг. общая посевная площадь в стране возросла на 25 %, в то время как, крестьянские объединения остаются основной категорией в сфере производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, базирующейся на арендной системе земледелие с целью выполнения государственного заказа стратегических культур. |
| Keywords: | продовольственная политика,реструктуризация хозяйств,диверсификация сельского хозяйства,food policy,farm restructuring,agricultural diversification |
| JEL: | P41 P47 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:158&r=cis |